我写出了像 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6这样的电子配置，但无法画出盒子和箭头符号。
$\mathrm{N} \quad 1 s^{2} 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 2 p^{3} \quad$
$\mathrm{O} \quad 1 s^{2} 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 2 p^{4} \quad$
$\mathrm{F} \quad 1 s^{2} 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 2 p^{5} \quad$
$\mathrm{Ne} \quad 1 s^{2} 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 2 p^{6} \quad$
我尝试过这样的\fbox{}方法\boxed{}
$\mathrm{N} \quad 1 s^{2} 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 2 p^{3} \quad$ $\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow} \boxed{\uparrow \downarrow} \boxed{\uparrow|\uparrow|\uparrow}$
$\mathrm{O} \quad 1 s^{2} 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 2 p^{4} \quad$ $\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow} \boxed{\uparrow \downarrow} \boxed{\uparrow \downarrow|\uparrow|\uparrow}$
$\mathrm{F} \quad 1 s^{2} 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 2 p^{5} \quad$ $\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow} \boxed{\uparrow \downarrow} \boxed{\uparrow \downarrow|\uparrow \downarrow|\uparrow}$
$\mathrm{Ne} \quad 1 s^{2} 2 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 2 p^{6} \quad$ $\boxed{\uparrow \downarrow} \boxed{\uparrow \downarrow} \boxed{\uparrow \downarrow|\uparrow \downarrow|\uparrow \downarrow}$
答案1
我在一个单独的样式文件中收集了一些命令定义electrons.sty，如下所示。它本质上使用\upharpoonleft、、\downharpoonrightes\fbox和循环来迭代 shell 规范。
然后你可以通过以下方式实现你想要的
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array}% only needed for injecting commands at the beginning of columns in the tabular below
\usepackage{electrons}
\begin{document}
\sffamily
\begin{tabular}{l>{\TextShells}l>{\BoxedShells}l}
N & \subshells{{1s:2}{2s:2}{2p:111}} & \subshells{{1s:2}{2s:2}{2p:111}} \\
O & \subshells{{1s:2}{2s:2}{2p:211}} & \subshells{{1s:2}{2s:2}{2p:211}} \\
F & \subshells{{1s:2}{2s:2}{2p:221}} & \subshells{{1s:2}{2s:2}{2p:221}} \\
Ne & \subshells{{1s:2}{2s:2}{2p:222}} & \subshells{{1s:2}{2s:2}{2p:222}} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{document}
封装电子：将以下代码复制到文件中electrons.sty。有关文档，请参阅下文。
\RequirePackage{amssymb}
\newcommand\spinup{$\upharpoonleft$}
\newcommand\spindown{$\downharpoonright$}
% Looping over a list of tokens with separator
% \electronLoop{processor}{separator}{list}
\newcommand\electronLoop[3]{%
\bgroup
\def\electronLoopProcessor{#1}%
\def\electronLoopSeparator{\def\electronLoopSeparator{#2}}%
\electronLoopDo#3\relax
\egroup
}
\newcommand\electronLoopDo[1]{%
\ifx\relax#1\else
\electronLoopSeparator
\electronLoopProcessor{#1}%
\expandafter
\electronLoopDo
\fi
}
% \orbital{#electrons: 0,1,2}
\newcommand\orbital[1]{%
\fbox{%
\ifcase#1
\phantom\spinup\!\phantom\spindown
\or
\spinup\!\phantom\spindown
\or
\spinup\!\spindown
\else
\bfseries**\strut
\fi
}%
}
% \orbitals{list of #electrons}
\newcommand\orbitals[1]{\electronLoop\orbital{\hspace{-\fboxrule}}{#1}}
% \subshell{name:list of #electrons}
\newcommand\subshell[1]{%
\subshellX#1\endOfShell
}
\newcommand\subshellX{}
\def\subshellX#1:#2\endOfShell{\doSubShell{#1}{#2}}
\newcommand\subshellBox[2]{%
\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}c@{}}
\orbitals{#2}\\[-2pt]
\scriptsize#1%
\end{tabular}%
}
\newcounter{electrons}
\newcommand\subshellText[2]{%
\setcounter{electrons}{0}%
\electronLoop{\addtocounter{electrons}}{}{#2}%
#1$^\arabic{electrons}$%
}
% \subshells{list of shells}
\newcommand\subshells[1]{\electronLoop\subshell\SubShellSep{#1}}
\newcommand\BoxedShells{%
\def\SubShellSep{ }%
\let\doSubShell\subshellBox
}
\newcommand\TextShells{%
\def\SubShellSep{}%
\let\doSubShell\subshellText
}
\BoxedShells
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{electrons}
\parindent0pt
\begin{document}
\title{The package \texttt{electrons}}
\author{gernot}
\date{2021}
\maketitle
\paragraph{Spins:} \verb"\spinup" gives \spinup, \verb"\spindown" gives
\spindown.
\paragraph{Single orbitals:}
\verb"\orbital{0} \orbital{1} \orbital{2}" gives \orbital{0}
\orbital{1} \orbital{2}.
\paragraph{Multiple orbitals:} \verb"\orbitals{012}" gives \orbitals{012}.
\bigskip
\verb"\BoxedShells" (the default) represents shells as boxes.
\paragraph{Subshell:} \verb"\subshell{2p:221}" gives \subshell{2p:221}.
\paragraph{Multiple subshells:}
\verb"\subshells{{1s:2}{2s:2}{2p:221}}" gives \subshells{{1s:2}{2s:2}{2p:221}}.
\bigskip
\verb"\TextShells" represents shells as text.
\TextShells
\paragraph{Subshell:} Now \verb"\subshell{2p:221}" results in \subshell{2p:221}.
\paragraph{Multiple subshells:} Now
\verb"\subshells{{1s:2}{2s:2}{2p:221}}" results in
\subshells{{1s:2}{2s:2}{2p:221}}.
\end{document}
答案2
一个可能的解决方案：使用包绘制盒子tikz：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{chains,
positioning,
shapes.multipart}
\tikzset{chem/.style = {%
baseline = -1ex,
node distance = 1em,
start chain = going right,
M/.style = {draw, on chain},
N/.style = {rectangle split, rectangle split parts=3, rectangle split horizontal,
draw, on chain}
}}
\usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}
\usepackage{array}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l >{$}l<{$} c}
\ce{N} & 1 s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{3}
& \tikz[chem]{%
\node[M,label=below:1s] {$\upharpoonleft\downharpoonright$};
\node[M,label=below:2s] {$\upharpoonleft\downharpoonright$};
\node[N,label=below:2p] {\nodepart{one}~$\upharpoonleft$~
\nodepart{two}~$\upharpoonleft$~
\nodepart{three}~$\upharpoonleft$~};}
\\[5ex]
\ce{O} & 1 s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{4}
& \tikz[chem]{%
\node[M,label=below:1s] {$\upharpoonleft\downharpoonright$};
\node[M,label=below:2s] {$\upharpoonleft\downharpoonright$};
\node[N,label=below:2p] {\nodepart{one}$\upharpoonleft\downharpoonright$
\nodepart{two}~$\upharpoonleft$~
\nodepart{three}~$\upharpoonleft$~};}
\\[5ex]
\ce{F} & 1 s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{5}
& \tikz[chem]{%
\node[M,label=below:1s] {$\upharpoonleft\downharpoonright$};
\node[M,label=below:2s] {$\upharpoonleft\downharpoonright$};
\node[N,label=below:2p] {\nodepart{one}$\upharpoonleft\downharpoonright$
\nodepart{two}$\upharpoonleft\downharpoonright$
\nodepart{three}~$\upharpoonleft$~};}
\\[5ex]
\ce{Ne} & 1 s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{6}
& \tikz[chem]{%
\node[M,label=below:1s] {$\upharpoonleft\downharpoonright$};
\node[M,label=below:2s] {$\upharpoonleft\downharpoonright$};
\node[N,label=below:2p] {\nodepart{one}$\upharpoonleft\downharpoonright$
\nodepart{two}$\upharpoonleft\downharpoonright$
\nodepart{three}$\upharpoonleft\downharpoonright$};}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}
