tikz 中带阴影的多个圆圈

Question

我正在尝试使用 tikz 绘制下面给出的形状。

问题是，我不太熟悉 tikz。到目前为止，我编写的代码片段如下所示

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture} \filldraw[color=red!60, fill=red!5, very thick](-1,0) circle (1.0); \draw [-stealth](1.5,0) -- (6.0,0);
    \filldraw[color=red!60, fill=red!5, very thick](8,0) circle (1.0); 
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

有人能帮我找到我想要的图表吗？谢谢。

Answer 1

我不太清楚你的代码有什么问题？请解释一下。你的意思是这样的：

外圈是阴影和\shadedraw：

\documentclass[border=1cm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture} 
    
    \filldraw[color=red!60, fill=red!5, very thick](-1,0) circle (1.0) node [black,yshift=-1.5cm] {Some Text}; 
    \draw [-stealth](1.5,0) -- (6.0,0) node[midway,above] {U};
    \shadedraw[shading=radial,outer color=red!60,inner color=white,draw=none](8,0) circle (1.0);
    \filldraw[draw=none, fill=red!5,](8,0) circle (0.8) node [black,yshift=-1.5cm] {Outer ring is shaded};
    
     \shadedraw[shading=radial,outer color=red!60,inner color=white,draw=none](7,4) circle (0.8);
    \filldraw[draw=none, fill=red!5,](6.9,3.9) circle (0.6) node [black,yshift=-1.2cm] {$e^{-}=|a,b\rangle$};
    
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 2

\documentclass[tikz, border=1cm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\filldraw[red!60, fill=red!5, very thick] (-1,0) circle[radius=1];
\draw [-Stealth](1.5,0) -- node[above]{U} (6.0,0);
\filldraw[red!60, fill=red!5, very thick, even odd rule] (8,0) circle[radius=1.5] circle[radius=1];
\filldraw[red!60, fill=red!5, very thick, even odd rule] (9,3) circle[radius=0.8] (8.9,2.9) circle[radius=0.5];
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}