我想用 LaTeX 重新创建下表。
这是一张横向的 A4 纸。
我在 LibreOffice Writer 中采用的方式是使用隐藏边框的嵌套表格。在下图中，您可以看到隐藏的表格边框：
我想知道是否有办法在 LaTeX 中重新创建此文档。我不一定想使用隐藏边框的表格。如果有其他方法可以通过某种定位来实现这一点，那就太好了。我只是使用了表格，因为我看不到在 LibreOffice 中创建布局的其他方法。
您能否给我一些建议来帮助我入门，以及我应该考虑使用哪些软件包？我的目标是将最终的 LaTeX 文档导出为 PDF。它必须是一页文档（A4/横向）。如果您有任何建议，我将不胜感激。
我可以创建两个平行表，一个用于元音，一个用于辅音。
\documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article}
\usepackage[landscape]{geometry}
\geometry{a4paper, left=1in, right=1in, top=0.5in, bottom=0.65in}
\begin{document}
% Vowels
\begin{tabular}{|p{5cm}|p{5cm}|}
\hline
Vowels & Vowels \\
\end{tabular}
\quad
% Consonants
\begin{tabular}{|p{5cm}|p{5cm}|}
\hline
Consonants & Consonants \\
\end{tabular}
\end{document}
但我不知道接下来该如何进行。
答案1
一个例子是 和 的tabularx方法，与表格非常不同，multicols。请注意，在这种情况下，即使行数明显相同，平衡列和垂直粘连的机制也会对列的水平对齐产生影响，这可能是一个缺点/优势，具体取决于您的特定需求。
\documentclass[landscape]{article}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage{geometry,lipsum,booktabs}
\usepackage{multicol,tabulary,tabularx}
\def\mg#1{\colorbox{gray!20}{\makebox[\linewidth]{\strut #1}}}
\def\mb#1{\colorbox{black}{\makebox[1.5em]{\color{white}\strut #1}}}
\def\empty{\mbox{\strut}\par}
\def\R#1#2{\multicolumn{#1}{c}{\cellcolor{gray!20}\strut #2}}
\def\N#1{\multicolumn{1}{c}{\colorbox{black}{\makebox[1.5em]{\color{white}\strut #1}}}}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[2][1-4]
{
\sffamily\bfseries\parskip 1ex plus 0ex minus 1ex
\noindent\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{*{15}X}
\addlinespace
\R{7}{VOWELS} & & \R{7}{CONSONANTS}
\\\addlinespace
\R{5}{The simple words} && \R{1}{The Diphtongs} & & \R{3}{Stop Consonants} && \R{3}{The Glide Sounds}
\\\addlinespace
& \N{a} && \N{b} &&& \N{aa} && \R{1}{Voiceless} && \R{1}{Voiced} && \R{1}{Voiceless} && \R{1}{Voiced}
\\\addlinespace
& \N{c} && \N{d} &&& \N{bb} & & \N{p} && \N{b} && \N{h} && \N{a}
\\\addlinespace
& \N{d} && \N{e} &&& \N{cc} & & \R{3}{Continuant Consonats}
\\\addlinespace\addlinespace
\end{tabularx}}
\lipsum[2][1-4]
\bigskip
\noindent
\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
\sffamily\bfseries\parskip 1ex plus 0ex minus 1ex
\setlength\columnsep{2em}\raggedbottom
\begin{multicols}{2}
\centering
\mg{VOWELS}
\begin{multicols}{2}
\mg{The Simple Vowels}
\mb{a}\quad
\mb{b}\par
\mb{c}\quad
\mb{d}\par
\mb{e}\quad
\mb{f}\par
\mb{g}\quad
\mb{h}\par
\mb{i}\quad
\mb{j}\par
\newcolumn
\mg{The Diphtongs}\par
\mb{aa}\par
\mb{ae}\par
\empty
\mb{ai}\par
\mb{ao}\par
\end{multicols}
\phantom{}
\newcolumn\par
\mg{CONSONANTS}
\begin{multicols}{2}
\mg{Stop Consonants}\par
\begin{multicols}{2}
\mg{Voiceless}\par
\mb{p}\par
\mb{t}\par
\mb{k}\par
\newcolumn
\mg{Voiced}\par
\mb{b}\par
\mb{d}\par
\mb{g}\par
\end{multicols}
\mg{Continuant Consonants}\par
\begin{multicols}{2}
\mb{f}\par
\newcolumn
\mb{v}\par
\end{multicols}
\newcolumn
\mg{The Glide Sounds}\par
\begin{multicols}{2}
\mg{Voiceless}\par
\mb{h}\par
\newcolumn
\mg{Voiced}\par
\mb{r}\par
\mb{l}\par
\mb{w}\par
\empty
\end{multicols}
\end{multicols}
\end{multicols}
\end{minipage}
\bigskip
\lipsum[2][1-4]
\end{document}
答案2
看来您选择将音标设置为黑底白字。使用喷墨打印机打印时，效果可能不太好。
\hbox如果您喜欢走痛苦的路，那么您可以只放置es 和s来完成\vtop- 对于音标，我使用了 tipa 包，但我不能保证我一切都正确。
\documentclass[a4paper, landscape]{article}
% ---- Layout ----------------------------------------------------------------------
% The code for changing the layout is not of importance to you.
% It is messy and only suits the need of having this example fit on one page
\pagestyle{plain}
\csname @ifundefined\endcsname{pagewidth}{}{\pagewidth=\paperwidth}%
\csname @ifundefined\endcsname{pdfpagewidth}{}{\pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth}%
\csname @ifundefined\endcsname{pageheight}{}{\pageheight=\paperheight}%
\csname @ifundefined\endcsname{pdfpageheight}{}{\pdfpageheight=\paperheight}%
\textwidth=\paperwidth
\advance\textwidth-3cm
\evensidemargin=\dimexpr-1in+1.5cm\relax
\oddsidemargin=\dimexpr-1in+1.5cm\relax
\marginparsep=2mm
\marginparwidth=\dimexpr1.5cm-2\marginparsep\relax
\textheight=\paperheight
\advance\textheight-3cm
\topmargin=\dimexpr-1in+1.5cm\relax
\headheight=0pt
\headsep=0pt
{\normalfont
\setbox\csname @tempboxa\endcsname\hbox{0123456789}%
\global\footskip=\dimexpr .75cm -.5\dp\csname @tempboxa\endcsname
+.5\ht\csname @tempboxa\endcsname\relax
}%
\parindent=0pt
\flushbottom
% ---- END OF LAYOUT ---------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{xcolor}
\definecolor{mylightgray}{cmyk}{0,0,0,.06}
\usepackage[T1]{tipa}
\newlength\mycolumnsep
\setlength\mycolumnsep{2em}
\newbox\scratchbox
\newcommand\sethboxwidth[1]{%
\setbox\scratchbox=\vbox{\baselineskip=0pt #1}%
}%
\newcommand\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth[2]{%
\hbox{\colorbox{#1}{\hbox to\wd\scratchbox{\hfill#2\hfill}}}%
}%
\newcommand\centeredhboxofsetwidth[1]{%
\hbox to\wd\scratchbox{\hfill#1\hfill}%
}%
\newcommand\surroundbox[3]{%
\sethboxwidth{\hbox{#3}}\wd\scratchbox=\dimexpr\wd\scratchbox-2\fboxsep\relax\hbox{#1}\kern#2\relax\hbox{#3}%
}%
\newcommand\phoneticbox[1]{%
\vbox{%
\kern.25\baselineskip
\hbox{%
\colorbox{black}{\hbox to 3ex{\hfill\textcolor{white}{\vphantom{XVIpg}\textipa{#1}}\hfill}}%
}%
}%
}%
\begin{document}
\par
\sffamily
\hbox{%
\vtop{%
\surroundbox{\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{\Large VOWELS}}}{.5\baselineskip}{%
\sethboxwidth{%
\hbox{\textbf{\vphantom{XVIpg} The Simple Vowels}}%
\hbox{\textbf{\vphantom{XVIpg} The Diphthongs}}%
}%
\hbox{%
\vtop{%
\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{\vphantom{XVIpg}The Simple Vowels}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{@}\hfill\phoneticbox{A}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{2}\hfill\phoneticbox{O}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{i}\hfill\phoneticbox{U}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{\normalfont\textsci}\hfill\phoneticbox{u}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{E}\hfill\phoneticbox{@r}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{\ae}\hfill\phoneticbox{\textrevepsilon r}}%
}%
\kern\mycolumnsep
\vtop{%
\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{\vphantom{XVIpg}The Diphthongs}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{e\normalfont\textsci}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{a\normalfont\textsci}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{oU}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{aU}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{O\normalfont\textsci}}%
}%
}%
}%
}%
\kern\mycolumnsep
\vtop{%
\surroundbox{\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{\Large CONSONANTS}}}{.5\baselineskip}{%
\hbox{%
\vtop{%
\surroundbox{\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{\vphantom{XVIpg}Stop Consonants}}}{.25\baselineskip}{%
\sethboxwidth{%
\hbox{\textbf{~~Voiceless~~}}%
\hbox{\textbf{~~Voiced~~}}%
}%
\hbox{%
\vtop{%
\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{~~Voiceless~~}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{p}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{t}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{k}}%
}%
\kern\mycolumnsep
\vtop{%
\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{~~Voiced~~}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{b}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{d}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{g}}%
}%
}%
}%
\kern.375\baselineskip
\surroundbox{\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{\vphantom{XVIpg}Continuant Consonants}}}{.25\baselineskip}{%
\sethboxwidth{%
\hbox{\textbf{~~Voiceless~~}}%
\hbox{\textbf{~~Voiced~~}}%
}%
\hbox{%
\vtop{%
\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{~~Voiceless~~}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{f}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{\texttheta}}%
}%
\kern\mycolumnsep
\vtop{%
\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{~~Voiced~~}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{v}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{D}}%
}%
}%
}%
\kern.375\baselineskip
\surroundbox{\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{\vphantom{XVIpg}The Sibilant Sounds}}}{.25\baselineskip}{%
\sethboxwidth{%
\hbox{\textbf{~~Voiceless~~}}%
\hbox{\textbf{~~Voiced~~}}%
}%
\hbox{%
\vtop{%
\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{~~Voiceless~~}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{s}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{\textesh}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{t\textesh}}%
}%
\kern\mycolumnsep
\vtop{%
\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{~~Voiced~~}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{z}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{Z}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{dZ}}%
}%
}%
}%
}%
}%
\kern\mycolumnsep
\hbox{%
\vtop{%
\surroundbox{\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{\vphantom{XVIpg}The Glide Sounds}}}{.25\baselineskip}{%
\sethboxwidth{%
\hbox{\textbf{~~Voiceless~~}}%
\hbox{\textbf{~~Voiced~~}}%
}%
\hbox{%
\vtop{%
\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{~~Voiceless~~}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{h}}%
}%
\kern\mycolumnsep
\vtop{%
\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{~~Voiced~~}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phantom{\phoneticbox{x}}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{r}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{l}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{w}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{j}}%
}%
}%
}%
\kern.375\baselineskip
\surroundbox{\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{\vphantom{XVIpg}The Nasal Sounds}}}{.25\baselineskip}{%
\sethboxwidth{%
\hbox{\textbf{~~Voiceless~~}}%
\hbox{\textbf{~~Voiced~~}}%
}%
\hbox{%
\vtop{%
\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{~~Voiceless~~}}%
}%
\kern\mycolumnsep
\vtop{%
\centeredcolorboxofsetwidth{mylightgray}{\textbf{~~Voiced~~}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{m}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{n}}%
\centeredhboxofsetwidth{\phoneticbox{N}}%
}%
}%
}%
}%
}%
}%
}%
}%
\end{document}
答案3
要绘制你的框，可以采用如下方法：
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\newcommand*\rectangle[1]{\tikz[baseline=(char.base)]
{ \node[shape=rectangle,fill=black,
text=white,draw,line width=1.5pt,inner sep=3pt] (char) {#1};}
}
\rectangle{\huge ð}
\end{document}