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如何使用 pgfplots 生成二维坐标系图像

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf xetex
如何使用 pgfplots 生成二维坐标系图像

我尝试运行 pgfplots 给出的示例：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=0.25in]{geometry}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{width=10cm,compat=1.9}

% We will externalize the figures
\usepgfplotslibrary{external}
\tikzexternalize

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    axis lines = left,
    xlabel = \(x\),
    ylabel = {\(f(x)\)},
]
%Below the red parabola is defined
\addplot [
    domain=-10:10,
    samples=100,
    color=red,
]
{x^2 - 2*x - 1};
\addlegendentry{\(x^2 - 2x - 1\)}
%Here the blue parabola is defined
\addplot [
    domain=-10:10,
    samples=100,
    color=blue,
    ]
    {x^2 + 2*x + 1};
\addlegendentry{\(x^2 + 2x + 1\)}

\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

我使用xelatex来编译：

xelatex ./demo.tex

但是 tikz 给了我这个错误信息：

(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/ts1cmr.fd)
*geometry* driver: auto-detecting
*geometry* detected driver: xetex
Package pgfplots notification 'compat/show suggested version=true': you might b
enefit from \pgfplotsset{compat=1.18} (current compat level: 1.9).

===== 'mode=convert with system call': Invoking 'xelatex -halt-on-error -intera
ction=batchmode -jobname "demo-figure0" "\def\tikzexternalrealjob{demo}\input{d
emo}"' ========

! Package tikz Error: Sorry, the system call 'xelatex -halt-on-error -interacti
on=batchmode -jobname "demo-figure0" "\def\tikzexternalrealjob{demo}\input{demo
}"' did NOT result in a usable output file 'demo-figure0' (expected one of .pdf
:.jpg:.jpeg:.png:.bmp:). Please verify that you have enabled system calls. For 
pdflatex, this is 'pdflatex -shell-escape'. Sometimes it is also named 'write 1
8' or something like that. Or maybe the command simply failed? Error messages c
an be found in 'demo-figure0.log'. If you continue now, I'll try to typeset the
 picture.

See the tikz package documentation for explanation.
Type  H <return>  for immediate help.
 ...                                              
                                                  
l.36 \end{tikzpicture}

这是为什么？我该如何处理？

答案1

如果您想要做的只是在文档中生成一个图表，请删除以下行：

\usepgfplotslibrary{external}
\tikzexternalize

如果您想要外部化 tikz 绘图，则需要进行 shell escape。如果您不知道这意味着什么，只需删除 \tikzexternalize，您的文档就可以正常工作（尽管编译速度会稍慢）。

如果你想启用 shell 转义，请参阅我如何启用 shell-escape？

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