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创建表设计

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创建表设计

我有一个问题。我想在 Latex 中创建一个表格。标题列（第一行）应居中。之后，下一个文本应左对齐并从顶部开始，因此它不应居中对齐，而应在顶部对齐。此外，我希望，例如，如果我有一些较长的文本，它应该自动有换行符，因为我有 tabular x。但是，整个过程对我来说不起作用，第一行缺少行。

在此处输入图片描述

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[12pt]{report}
\usepackage[usegeometry]{typearea}% load before geometry
\usepackage[a4paper, left={2.5cm}, right={2cm}, top={3cm}, bottom={3cm}, headheight=15pt]{geometry}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[1]{m{#1}} % for vertical centering text in X column
\usepackage{tabularx}
\renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[1]{m{#1}} % for vertical centering text in X column
\usepackage{caption}
\captionsetup[table]{position=bottom}

\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
  \fancyhf{}%
  \fancyhead[L]{\nouppercase{\leftmark}}%
  \fancyfoot[R]{\thepage}}
\pagestyle{plain}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{\thechapter. #1}{}}
\usepackage[parfill]{parskip}
\usepackage{blindtext}% only for dummy text
\begin{document}

\blinddocument
\clearpage
\KOMAoptions{paper=landscape,DIV=last}
%\newgeometry{margin=3cm}
\newgeometry{hmargin=2.5cm,bottom=25mm,height=150mm,includehead}
\fancyheadoffset{0pt}% recalculate headwidth for fancyhdr

\chapter{CRIPS-DM}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.5em} % for the horizontal padding
{\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}% for the vertical padding
    \begin{table}[H]
        \caption[Name]{Überblick der Phasen des CRISP-DM Prozesses~\cite{PeterChapmanandJanetClintonandRandyKerberandTomKhabazaandThomasP.ReinartzandColinShe.2000}}
        \label{tab:crisp__ueberblick}
        \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X|X|X|X|X|X|}
            
        \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\textbf{BusinessUnderstanding}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Data Understanding}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Data Prepartion}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Modeling}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Evaluation}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Deployment}} 
        \\ \hline
        This is a long Text  \newline
        What about a new line
        & This is another long text what a long text is that \newline And agian an new line
        & sad
        & asd 
        & aa
        & adasd                                    

        \\ \hline
    
        \end{tabularx}
    \end{table}

\clearpage
\KOMAoptions{paper=portrait,DIV=last}
\restoregeometry
\fancyheadoffset{0pt}
\blinddocument
\end{document}

答案1

正如我所说，删除命令The command \renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[1]{m{#1}}会使文本在顶部对齐。要添加规则，您需要一个\hline命令。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[12pt]{report}
\usepackage[usegeometry]{typearea}% load before geometry
\usepackage[a4paper, left={2.5cm}, right={2cm}, top={3cm}, bottom={3cm}, headheight=15pt]{geometry}
\usepackage{tabularx}
% \renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[1]{m{#1}} % for vertical centering text in X column %-----> commented
\usepackage{caption}
\captionsetup[table]{position=bottom}

\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
  \fancyhf{}%
  \fancyhead[L]{\nouppercase{\leftmark}}%
  \fancyfoot[R]{\thepage}}
\pagestyle{plain}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{\thechapter. #1}{}}
\usepackage[parfill]{parskip}

\usepackage{float} %----> added

\begin{document}
\clearpage
\KOMAoptions{paper=landscape,DIV=last}
%\newgeometry{margin=3cm}
\newgeometry{hmargin=2.5cm,bottom=25mm,height=150mm,includehead}
\fancyheadoffset{0pt}% recalculate headwidth for fancyhdr

\chapter{CRIPS-DM}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.5em} % for the horizontal padding
{\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}% for the vertical padding
    \begin{table}[H]
        \caption[Name]{Überblick der Phasen des CRISP-DM Prozesses~\cite{PeterChapmanandJanetClintonandRandyKerberandTomKhabazaandThomasP.ReinartzandColinShe.2000}}
        \label{tab:crisp__ueberblick}
        \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|X|X|X|X|X|X|}
        \hline %-----> added    
        \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\textbf{BusinessUnderstanding}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Data Understanding}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Data Prepartion}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Modeling}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Evaluation}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Deployment}} 
        \\ \hline
        This is a long Text  \newline
        What about a new line
        & This is another long text what a long text is that \newline And agian an new line
        & sad
        & asd 
        & aa
        & adasd                                    

        \\ \hline
    
        \end{tabularx}
    \end{table}
} %---> added
\clearpage
\KOMAoptions{paper=portrait,DIV=last}
\restoregeometry
\fancyheadoffset{0pt}
\end{document}

不过，我建议表格中水平线较少，垂直线较少。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[12pt]{report}

\usepackage[usegeometry]{typearea}
\usepackage{geometry}

\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs}
\begin{document}
\KOMAoptions{paper=landscape,DIV=last}
\newgeometry{hmargin=2.5cm,bottom=25mm,height=150mm,includehead}
\begin{table}
    \begin{tblr}{
        colspec = {X[1.5]*{5}{X}}, %1st column width is 1.5 times of other columns
        row{1} = {font=\bfseries, c, m} %makes 1st row text bold and centers it horizontally and vertically
    }
    \toprule
    BusinessUnderstanding & Data Understanding & Data Prepartion & Modeling & Evaluation & Deployment  
    \\\midrule
    This is a long Text \newline What about a new line
    & This is another long text what a long text is that \newline And agian an new line
    & sad
    & asd 
    & aa
    & adasd   
    \\
    This is a long Text  \newline
    What about a new line
    & This is another long text what a long text is that \newline And agian an new line
    & sad
    & asd 
    & aa
    & adasd   
    \\\bottomrule
    \end{tblr}
    \caption[Name]{Überblick der Phasen des CRISP-DM Prozesses}
    \label{tab:crisp__ueberblick}
\end{table}
\end{document}

在这里，我使用了tabularray包使得管理表变得非常方便。

答案2

您使用的是tabularx环境，但所有六个X列定义都被指令覆盖\multicolumn{1}{c}{...}，指令使用了c列类型，而列类型不允许自动换行。简而言之，您没有让它tabularx完成其工作。在下面的解决方案中，我建议改用C列类型，其中C定义为的居中/粗体版本X。

一个单独的问题：摆脱该\renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[1]{m{#1}}指令，因为 - 您在评论中注意到的一个事实...... - 它用于垂直居中列内容，这是您不想要的。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[12pt]{report}
\usepackage[usegeometry]{typearea}% load before geometry
\usepackage[a4paper, left=2.5cm,right=2cm,vmargin=3cm, headheight=15pt]{geometry}

\usepackage{tabularx,ragged2e}
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\RaggedRight}X}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\bfseries}X}
\newcommand\mC[1]{\multicolumn{1}{C}{#1}} % handy shortcut macro

\usepackage[skip=0.333\baselineskip]{caption}
%\captionsetup[table]{position=bottom}

\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
  \fancyhf{}%
  \fancyhead[L]{\nouppercase{\leftmark}}%
  \fancyfoot[R]{\thepage}}
\pagestyle{plain}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{\thechapter. #1}{}}
\usepackage[parfill]{parskip}

\begin{document}

\KOMAoptions{paper=landscape,DIV=last}
%\newgeometry{margin=3cm}
\newgeometry{hmargin=2.5cm,bottom=25mm,height=150mm,includehead}
\fancyheadoffset{0pt}% recalculate headwidth for fancyhdr

\chapter{CRIPS-DM}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.5em} % for horizontal padding
%%\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}% for the vertical padding
\setlength\extrarowheight{2pt}

\begin{table}[ht]
\caption[Name]{Überblick der Phasen des CRISP-DM Prozesses~\cite{xyz}}
\label{tab:crisp__ueberblick}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|L|L|L|L|L|L|}
           
        \mC{Business Understanding} & 
        \mC{Data Understanding} & 
        \mC{Data Prepartion} & 
        \mC{Modeling} & 
        \mC{Evaluation} & 
        \mC{Deployment} 
        \\ \hline
        This is a long Text  \newline
        What about a new line
        & This is another long text what a long text is that \newline 
          And agian an new line
        & sad
        & asd 
        & aa
        & adasd 
        \\ \hline    
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\end{document}

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