长桌边框不完整？

Question 1

正如我在评论中提到的，表格中的第一条垂直线是存在的，但显然在您的 pdf 查看器中不可见。如果您缩放表格的开头，它也会在表格中可见。

无关： 我会以不同的方式编写您的表格。对于表格，我将使用tabularray包，对于单元格enumitem包中的列表，使用它们会使表格的代码变得简洁明了。使用\small字体大小可以使文本更好地适应单元格大小。

\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{geometry}

\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{varwidth}  % <===
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\AtBeginEnvironment{longtblr}%
{
\setlist[itemize]{nosep,
                  label=--, % or \textbullet
                  wide,
                  after=\end{minipage},
                  before=\begin{minipage}[t]{\linewidth}\RaggedRight
                  }
}

\begin{document}
\begin{longtblr}[
caption = {The benefits and drawbacks of various gait analysis systems.},
  label = {tab:my-tab1}
                ]{hlines, vlines,
                  colspec = {Q[1, l,m, bg=gray!30] X[2,l,h] X[2,l,h]},
                   colsep = 4pt,
                  rowhead = 1,
                   row{1} = {font=\small\bfseries, c, bg=gray!50}, 
                   rows   = {font=\small}, 
                  measure = vbox,
                  }
Tech. \& Ref. & Remarks   &   Limitations       \\
Motion capture camera\par 
{[2, 9, 50]}    &   \begin{itemize}
                \item   Gold-standard gait analysis system.
                \item   Over virtual modeling, it provides strong and exact capture of real motions.
                \item   Captured picture sequence reusability. 
                 \item  Allows for thorough information on the topic and its surroundings. Subject  geometry \& texturing may be  precisely acquired.
                    \end{itemize} 
                    &   \begin{itemize}
                    \item   Only for experiments with active line-of-site, a particular setup is required.
                        \end{itemize}       \\
Inertial System\par 
{[16, 17, 30]}  &   \begin{itemize}
                \item   High sampling rate from 100Hertz to 10kHertz.
                \item   The ability to measure tri-axial data allows for 3-dimensional analysis. Sensors are compact, and light weighted, inexpensive.
                \item   Output signals may be captured and processed quickly. Gait characteristics are monitored throughout regular activities.
                \item   There is no requirement for a regulated setting, and it may be used anywhere. The patient’s active involvement may be observed.
                    \end{itemize}
                    &   \begin{itemize}
                        \item   Subjects may be uncomfortable since the sensors must be attached to their bodies. Measurement of actual data can be interrupted by skin movement artifacts.
                        \item   It might be difficult to determine the precise length and the rotating axis.
                        \item   Acceleration sensing varies depending on the location of sensor attachments.
                        \item   Battery life is limited. Estimating gait parameters necessitates a complex method.
                        \item   Set up cab be time consuming, and can be costly.
                            \end{itemize}       \\
Optoelectronic System\par 
{[2, 33, 34]}   &   \begin{itemize}
                \item   This technology offers detailed info on subject geometry.
                \item   Provides physical motions strongly and precisely.
                \item   A complex analysis technique allows for more accurate and extensive measuring capabilities.
                    \end{itemize} 
                    &   \begin{itemize}
                    \item   For faster movement, accuracy reduces because of the sample rate (50Hertz to 1kHertz).
                    \item   Surface issues with a  clear and reflecting surface.
                    \item   A costly laboratory setup is\\ sometimes necessary.
                    \item   Because of the marker’s\\ relationship to the body, it might be uncomfortable sometimes.
                        \end{itemize}       \\ 
Electrogoniometer\par 
{[2, 10, 16]}   &   \begin{itemize}
                \item   Usually, they are affordable. Output signals may be recorded and computed immediately. 
                \item   Planner movement data may be separately recorded. In general, complicated processing methods are not required by the system.
                \item   The output signals are both linear\\ and proportional to the angular displacement.
                    \end{itemize}
                    &   \begin{itemize}
                    \item   Angular movement in a single plane.
                    \item   Uncomfortable in wearing.
                    \item   Fitting a joints axis with 2 or even more degrees of freedom is difficult.
                    \item   Would not provide high-quality output for lower limbs.
                    \item   Only a few gait parameters are available.
                    \item   External power is required.
                    \item   There is relative angular information offered.
                        \end{itemize}       \\
Gait mat \& pressure mat\par
{[12, 20, 51]}   &   \begin{itemize}
                \item   Non-active attachment to the subject body.
                \item   Low cost and portability. Foot contact, dispersed pressure, \& GRF datasets are all good. 
                \item   Center of pressure (CoP) is simple to compute.
                    \end{itemize}
                   &   \begin{itemize}
                   \item   Sensors with finite sizes provide a range of resolutions.
                   \item    A higher resolution reduces the system scan rate.
                   \item    Kinematics of the limbs must be combined.
                   \item    Only for use in a laboratory or clinical environment.
                   \item    Limited length of mat.
                        \end{itemize}       \\ 
Force Shoes\par 
{[16, 17, 41]}  &   \begin{itemize}
                \item   Non-active attachment to the subject body.
                \item   The sensors’ active  attachment with shoes allows for everywhere use.
                \item   Pressure distribution is measured.
                \item   The distributed sensor positions enable a wide variety of foot sizes\\ to be accommodated.
                \item   GRF data sets are provided.
                \item   CoP may be calculated using limb kinematic data.
                    \end{itemize}
                    &   \begin{itemize}
                \item   Kinematic data from the limbs is required to integrate with the system. Uncomfortable sometimes.
                \item   Difficulties in determining optimum placement for a non-distributed arrangement. Slow reaction will result in incorrect  interpretation.
                \item   Less efficient while walking up \& down stairs as well as on rough or uneven ground.
                \item   Must be used with shoes.
                    \end{itemize}           \\
Magnetic System\par 
{[41, 48, 52]}  &   \begin{itemize}
                \item    Non-active attachment to the subject body.
                \item   It is not affected by line-of-sight.
                \item   It is possible to get\\ degree-of-freedom motion\\ information.\end{itemize} 
                    &   \begin{itemize}
                    \item   Magnetic materials could distort signals.
                    \item   Data processing has a high level of complexity.
                    \item   Because of the limited system responsiveness, the high-fidelity analysis would be out of the question.
                    \item   It is not often used.
                    \item   Incompatible with advanced gait analysis technology.
                        \end{itemize}       \\
Acoustic tracking System\par 
{[10, 47, 49]}  &   \begin{itemize}
                \item   Combining with other\\ technology might be beneficial.\\ - The measurement range is 1.7cm\\ to 450cm.\\ - Useful for signaling heel contact\\ \& off moment while walking on\\ uneven or bumpy surfaces, as well\\ as for ascending-descending stairs.
                    \end{itemize} 
                    &   \begin{itemize}
                    \item   Because of noise, it does not offer correct information.
                    \item   The calculation difficulty is severe.
                    \item   A clear line-of-sight is essential.
                    \item   Uncomfortable at times.
                    \item   It is not often used.
                        \end{itemize}       \\ 
Radar System\par 
{[37–39]}  &   \begin{itemize}
                \item   It does not require the individual to wear anything.
                \item   It can monitor gait continuously over long period of time.
                \item   It does not violate privacy like video.
                \item   It can monitor more than one person at a time.
                \item   It does not require the individual to remember to change and place the device on themselves.
                \item   It is inexpensive.
                    \end{itemize} 
                    &   \begin{itemize}
                    \item   Not yet adequately validated for gait analysis.
                    \item   Not yet able to measure kinematics such as joint  range of motions.
                    \item   Not yet able to provide important temporal spatial gait data (eg. stride length,  single and double support  time, toe clearance, step width etc.).
                    \item   Not yet able to report clinical gait measures in an easy to use and simple interface.
                        \end{itemize}       \\ 
\end{longtblr}
\end{document}

图片是从 Sumatra viewer 复制的。在 Adobe Acrobat DC 中也可以看到相同的结果。在文档的打印版本中，所有线条的粗细都相同。

附录（1）： 正如@Mico 在其评论中所建议的那样，使用leftmargin=*列表格式对许多人来说更有吸引力，如上图所示。此外，bullets is (for many= nice than used dash使用较粗的线条可能会使线条在彩色列/单元格中更清晰可见：

\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{geometry}

\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{varwidth}  % <===
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\AtBeginEnvironment{longtblr}%
{
\setlist[itemize]{nosep,
                  label=\textbullet,
                  leftmargin=*,
                  after=\end{minipage},
                  before=\begin{minipage}[t]{\linewidth}\RaggedRight
                  }
}

\begin{document}
\begin{longtblr}[
caption = {The benefits and drawbacks of various gait analysis systems.},
  label = {tab:my-tab1}
                ]{hlines=0.5pt, vlines=0.5pt,
                  colspec = {Q[1, l,m, bg=gray!30] X[2,l,h] X[2,l,h]},
                   colsep = 4pt,
                  rowhead = 1,
                   row{1} = {font=\small\bfseries, c, bg=gray!50}, 
                   rows   = {font=\small}, 
                  measure = vbox,
                  }
% table body as before

附录（2）： 关于您的文件序言：

您使用非公开的文档类，因此其结构及其与包的可组合性均未知。
许多包被加载两次或更多次，因为其中一些已经被其他包加载。
目前还不知道您是否真的需要所有这些包。有些已经过时（epsfig），有些已经加载了它们的替代版本（amsmath--> mathtools，colortbl -->[table，...]{xcolor}˙`

我建议删除所有重复的包，并根据其用途对包进行分组（例如，用于数学、表格等），然后测试是否真的需要所有包（一个接一个地注释，看看文档是否还能编译）。

由于我没有使用文档类和一些已加载的包，所以我无法使用您的文档测试表格。

Answer