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在数轴上添加另一个节点

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在数轴上添加另一个节点

在此处输入图片描述我正在使用来自@Alain Matthes 的数字线代码，它运行完美，但我对它的理解不够，无法添加另一个节点，例如开始、中间、结束，而不仅仅是开始结束。有人能指出正确的包文档信息，以便我理解使用代码中包含的 pgfmathsmacro 时的 foreach 吗？任何帮助都将非常有帮助。

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand{\addsubnumlinetoright}[3]{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[out=45,in=135,relative,>=stealth]
\draw[<->] (#1-2,0)--(#2+2,0);
\foreach \x in {\number\numexpr#1-1\relax,...,\number\numexpr#2+1\relax}  
\draw[shift={(\x,0)},color=black] (0pt,2pt) -- (0pt,-2pt) node[below]  {\footnotesize $\x$};
\fill (#1,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (#2,0) circle (2pt);

\pgfmathsetmacro{\End}{#2-1} 
 \draw[#3,shorten >=2pt]
 \foreach \i in {#1,...,\End}{%
     (\i,0) to (\i+1,0)
} ; 
\node[color=OrangeRed] at (#2,-0.75) {\small End};
\node[color=Cerulean] at (#1,-0.75) {\small Start};
 \pgfmathsetmacro{\xtxt}{(#1+#2)/2}
\node at (\xtxt,0.5) {\small Move \number\numexpr#2-#1\relax\ units to the      \emph{right}};
\end{tikzpicture}}

\newcommand{\addsubnumlinetoleft}[3]{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[out=135,in=45,>=stealth]
\draw[<->] (#2-2,0)--(#1+2,0);
\foreach \x in {\number\numexpr#2-1\relax,...,\number\numexpr#1+1\relax}
\draw[shift={(\x,0)},color=black] (0pt,2pt) -- (0pt,-2pt) node[below]  {\footnotesize $\x$};
\fill (#1,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (#2,0) circle (2pt);

\pgfmathsetmacro{\End}{#2+1} 
 \draw[#3,shorten >=2pt]
 \foreach \i in {#1,...,\End}{%
    (\i,0) to  (\i-1,0)
 } ; 
 \node[color=OrangeRed] at (#2,-0.75) {\small End };
 \node[color=Cerulean] at (#1,-0.75) {\small Start };
 \pgfmathsetmacro{\xtxt}{(#1+#2)/2}     
 \node at (\xtxt,0.5) {\small Move \number\numexpr-#2+#1\relax\ units to the     \emph{left}};
 \end{tikzpicture}} 


 \begin{document}

 \addsubnumlinetoright{-5}{-1}{->,color=MidnightBlue}

 \addsubnumlinetoleft{2}{-4}{->,color=MidnightBlue}  
 \end{document}

答案1

我擅自重写了该\tikznumberline命令。

您现在可以使用以下键来更改数字线及其标签：

  • start并end指定线上应连接的点（起点始终低于终点）。
  • tick length指定刻度高度的一半。
  • overhang定义了 左边start - 1和 右边数轴的附加长度end + 1。
  • direction=left或direction=right指示宏箭头的方向。
  • add edge label=<val>[<options>]<text>可用于在<val>具有必填项<options>和文本的值下方添加另一个类似于“开始”和“结束”的节点<text>。
  • add edge dot=<val>[<options>]<val>在具有强制选项的值的行上添加一个点<options>。
  • add edge node=<val>[<options>]<text><val>-1在连接和 以及<val>强制选项<options>和文本 的线上添加一个节点<text>。

定义了更多键和样式，可用于改变数字线的外观：

  • start dot并可end dot用于更改 和start处的小点end，例如\tikznumberlineset{start dot/.append style={fill=Cerulean}
  • line用于数轴和ticks刻度（主要是颜色和线条粗细）。
  • edge node对于沿线的节点以及对于和edge node <val>之间的沿线的节点（将由和添加的节点使用）。<val> - 1<val>add edge nodeadd edge label

代码

\PassOptionsToPackage{dvipsnames}{xcolor}
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
% arrows.meta for the uptodate arrow tips
% shapes.misc for the cross out shape
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, shapes.misc, bending}
\newcommand*\tikznumberlineset{\pgfqkeys{/tikz/number line}}
\tikznumberlineset{
  arrow/.style={/tikz/>={#1}},
  start/.initial=1, end/.initial=5,
  tick length/.initial=2pt, overhang/.initial=.75,
  %
  % Nodes
  start-end dot/.style={% those are the dots
    shape=circle, fill=black, minimum size=+4pt,
    inner sep=+0pt, outer sep=+0pt, node contents=},
  %% defaults for "start dot" and "end dot"
  start dot/.style=number line/start-end dot,
  end dot/.style  =number line/start-end dot,
  %% number below the ticks
  value node/.style={
    below=2pt, font=\footnotesize, node contents=$\tikznumberlinevalue$},
  %% text above diagram
  instruction node/.style={
    anchor=south, yshift=5pt, font=\small, node contents=%
      Move \nlvo{units text} to the \emph{\nlvo{direction text}}.},
  %
  % 'Start' and 'End' node, "start-end label"
  % can be used for additional labels
  start-end label/.style={font=\small,yshift=-.75cm},
  start label/.style={number line/start-end label,
    text=Cerulean,node contents=Start},
  end label/.style  ={number line/start-end label,
    text=OrangeRed,node contents=End},
  %
  % Lines, can be used to change color, thickness, etc.
  line/.style ={draw,<->},
  ticks/.style=draw,
  connection/.style={draw=MidnightBlue,out=45,in=135},
  %
  % direction=left or direction=right
  %% the direction changes
  %%  * the arrow tip
  %%  * the text left/right in the instruction and
  %%  * where "Start" and "End" will be set.
  direction text/.initial=, units text/.initial=,
  direction/.is choice,
  direction/left/.style={
    connection/.append style=<-, direction text=left,
    label left/.style =number line/end label,
    label right/.style=number line/start label},
  direction/right/.style={
    connection/.append style=->, direction text=right,
    label left/.style =number line/start label,
    label right/.style=number line/end label},
  direction=right,% default
  %
  % to doesn't like foreach, going to use .list
  % which uses foreach internally
  @toloop/.style={
    /utils/exec=\def\tikznumberlinevalue{#1},% make #1 available
    insert path={to[number line/edge/.try,number line/edge #1/.try] (#1,0)}},
  add edge node/.style args={#1[#2]#3}{edge #1/.append style={
    edge node={node
      [number line/edge node/.try,number line/edge node #1/.try,#2]{#3}}}},
  add edge label/.style args={#1[#2]#3}{
    add edge node={#1[number line/start-end label,at end,#2]#3}},
  add edge dot/.style args={#1[#2]}{
    add edge node={#1[number line/start-end dot,behind path,at end,#2]}},
  all dots/.style={edge/.append style={
    edge node={node[number line/start-end dot,at end,#1]{}}}},
  all dots/.default=}
\newcommand*\tikznumberline[1][]{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \tikznumberlineset{#1}
  \newcommand*\nlvo[1]{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/number line/##1}}
  \pgfmathint{\nlvo{end}-(\nlvo{start})}
  \pgfkeyssetevalue{/tikz/number line/units text}{\pgfmathresult}
  %
  % 1. The lines and the ticks:
  \path[number line/ticks] (\nlvo{start}-1-\nlvo{overhang},\nlvo{tick length})
             grid[ystep=0] (\nlvo{end}+1+\nlvo{overhang},-\nlvo{tick length});
  \path[number line/line] (\nlvo{start}-1-\nlvo{overhang},0)
                       -- (\nlvo{end}+1+\nlvo{overhang},0);
  %
  % 2. the black circles (these are nodes now)
  %    and the labels "Start" and "End"
  \path (\nlvo{start},0) node (@number line@start) [number line/start dot]
                         node [number line/label left]
        (\nlvo{end},0)   node (@number line@end)   [number line/end dot]
                         node [number line/label right];
  %
  % 3. the numbers below the ticks
  \foreach \tikznumberlinevalue[expand list]
    in {\the\numexpr\nlvo{start}-1\relax,...,\the\numexpr\nlvo{end}+1\relax}
      \node at (\tikznumberlinevalue,0) [number line/value node];
  %
  % 4. the hopping line which is fully connected, no movetos anymore
  %    the last edge is available via the last edge key if one needs to add
  \path[number line/connection](@number line@start)
    [number line/@toloop/.list/.expanded={%
      \the\numexpr\nlvo{start}+1\relax,...,\the\numexpr\nlvo{end}-1\relax}]
    to[number line/last edge/.try] (@number line@end);
  % 5.
  \node at ({(\nlvo{start}+\nlvo{end})/2},\nlvo{tick length})
    [number line/instruction node];
\end{tikzpicture}}

\tikznumberlineset{arrow=Stealth}
\tikzset{small cross out/.style={
  cross out,at end,minimum size=2mm,draw=gray,ultra thick,line cap=round}}
\begin{document}
\tikznumberline[start=-5, end=-1,
  add edge node={-4[small cross out]},
]
\tikznumberline[start=-4, end= 2, direction=left,
  add edge label={0[green]Middle},
  add edge node={-1[fill=white,font=\tiny\sffamily]Hip},
  add edge node={-2[fill=white,font=\tiny\sffamily]Hop},
  add edge dot={0[green]}
]
\tikznumberline[all dots=blue]
\tikznumberline[
  start=-15, end=10, /tikz/x=5mm, /tikz/arrows={[bend]},
  value node/.append style={rotate=90, anchor=east, inner xsep=.1em},
  start dot/.append style=Cerulean, end dot/.append style=OrangeRed,
  all dots={
    minimum size=+3pt,
    /utils/exec=\pgfmathparse{100*(\tikznumberlinevalue-\nlvo{start})/
                                  (\nlvo{end}-\nlvo{start})},
    fill/.expanded=OrangeRed!\pgfmathresult!Cerulean}
]
\end{document}

输出

在此处输入图片描述 在此处输入图片描述 在此处输入图片描述 在此处输入图片描述

答案2

像这样？

在此处输入图片描述

与您的代码相比，以下 MWE 中的更改标记为% <---：

\documentclass[margin=3mm,
               preview]{standalone}
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand{\addsubnumlinetoright}[3]{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[out=45,in=135,relative,>=stealth]
\draw[<->] (#1-2,0)--(#2+2,0);
\foreach \x in {\number\numexpr#1-1\relax,...,\number\numexpr#2+1\relax}
\draw[shift={(\x,0)},color=black] (0pt,2pt) -- (0pt,-2pt) node[below]  {\footnotesize $\x$};
\fill (#1,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (#2,0) circle (2pt);

\pgfmathsetmacro{\End}{#2-1}
 \draw[#3,shorten >=2pt]
 \foreach \i in {#1,...,\End}{%
     (\i,0) to (\i+1,0)
} ;
\pgfmathparse{(#2+#1)/2}    % <---
\node[color=OrangeRed]  at (#2,-0.75) {\small End};
\node[color=green]      at (\pgfmathresult,-0.75) {\small Middle};  % <---
\node[color=Cerulean]   at (#1,-0.75) {\small Start};
 \pgfmathsetmacro{\xtxt}{(#1+#2)/2}
\node at (\xtxt,0.5) {\small Move \number\numexpr#2-#1\relax\ units to the \emph{right}};
\end{tikzpicture}}

\newcommand{\addsubnumlinetoleft}[3]{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[out=135,in=45,>=stealth]
\draw[<->] (#2-2,0)--(#1+2,0);
\foreach \x in {\number\numexpr#2-1\relax,...,\number\numexpr#1+1\relax}
\draw[shift={(\x,0)},color=black] (0pt,2pt) -- (0pt,-2pt) node[below]  {\footnotesize $\x$};
\fill (#1,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (#2,0) circle (2pt);

\pgfmathsetmacro{\End}{#2+1}
 \draw[#3,shorten >=2pt]
 \foreach \i in {#1,...,\End}{%
    (\i,0) to  (\i-1,0)
 } ;
\pgfmathparse{(#2+#1)/2}    % <---
\node[color=OrangeRed]  at (#2,-0.75) {\small End };
\node[color=green]      at (\pgfmathresult,-0.75) {\small Middle};  % <---
\node[color=Cerulean]   at (#1,-0.75) {\small Start };
 \pgfmathsetmacro{\xtxt}{(#1+#2)/2}
 \node at (\xtxt,0.5) {\small Move \number\numexpr-#2+#1\relax\ units to the \emph{left}};
 \end{tikzpicture}}

\begin{document}   

    \addsubnumlinetoright{-5}{-1}{->,color=MidnightBlue}
    \medskip\newline
    \addsubnumlinetoleft{2}{-4}{->,color=MidnightBlue}
\end{document}

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