我刚开始使用 LaTeX，正在为我的学生创建一个包含多个图表的工作表。我习惯于multicol组织它们并枚举它们以对它们进行编号。我还设置了每个图的宽度和高度，使它们相同。然而，当我的代码编译时，图表在水平和垂直方向上略微不对齐。有什么简单的方法可以解决这个问题吗？谢谢
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{exercise}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{systeme}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\usepackage{tikz}
\pgfplotsset{width=6cm, height=6cm, compat=1.18}
\begin{document}
Write the equation of the lines in the following graphs.
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{enumerate}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
xmin=-1,
xmax=6,
ymin=-8,
ymax=2,
%enlargelimits={abs=0.5},
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-1:4]{3*x-7};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
ymin=-1,
ymax=6,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-4:4]{2};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
ymin=-2,
ymax=6,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-1:8]{-(2/3)*x+4};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
ymin=-3,
ymax=7,
xmin=-4,
xmax=4,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-4:4]{(4/3)*x+2};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
xmin=-1,
xmax=5,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-1:8] coordinates{(3,-3) (3,3)};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
xmin=-4,
xmax=3,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-4:1]{-2*x-1};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{enumerate}
\end{multicols}
\end{document}
答案1
如果您想要表格数据，请使用环境而不是和的tabular混合。multicolenumerate
我将所有图片的比例改为 0.8，以适应网格中的所有图形，并将字体大小保留为默认值。看起来还不错。我还应用了相同的轴范围。我个人认为它看起来更一致。但是，第一张和第三张图差别很大，应该有自己的设置。我还添加了trim axis left和，trim axis right以便将边界框设置为轴。当标签出现在图片边缘时，这可以防止图形向左或向右移动。
两个轴和每张图片的全局设置都移至前言以避免重复。出于同样的原因，我定义了一个新的数字计数器graph来为每个图形编号。以下行格式化计数器：
\renewcommand*{\thegraph}{\arabic{graph})}
1)例如，当前设置为。
这是解决方案
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{exercise}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{systeme}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{showframe}
%%% Global settings for tikz pictures
\tikzset{
>=latex,
baseline={([yshift=-2.5ex]current bounding box.north)},
trim axis left, trim axis right,
}
\pgfplotsset{
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ytick distance=2,
ticklabel style={fill=white}, % font=\normalsize
xmin=-4, xmax=4, ymin=-2, ymax=6,
width=5cm, height=5cm, compat=1.18,
}
\newcounter{graph}
\renewcommand*{\thegraph}{\arabic{graph})} % Formats the counter
\begin{document}
Write the equation of the lines in the following graphs.
\begin{figure}[tbh]
\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt} % space between a number and a graph
\centering
\begin{tabular}{@{}
rc
@{\hspace{2em}} % Space between 1st and 2nd graph in a row
rc
@{\hspace{2em}} % Space between 2st and 3rd graph in a row
rc
@{}}
\stepcounter{graph}\thegraph &
\begin{tikzpicture}[
scale = 0.8,
]
\begin{axis}[
xmin=-2, xmax=6, ymin=-10, ymax=2,
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-1:4]{3*x-7};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
&
\stepcounter{graph}\thegraph &
\begin{tikzpicture}[
scale = 0.8,
]
\begin{axis}
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-4:4]{2};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
&
\stepcounter{graph}\thegraph &
\begin{tikzpicture}[
scale = 0.8,
]
\begin{axis}[
xmin=-1, xmax=7,
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-1:7]{-(2/3)*x+4};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\\
\rule[8pt]{0pt}{2em} % small strut
\stepcounter{graph}\thegraph &
\begin{tikzpicture}[
scale = 0.8,
]
\begin{axis}
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-4:4]{(4/3)*x+2};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
&
\stepcounter{graph}\thegraph &
\begin{tikzpicture}[
scale = 0.8,
]
\begin{axis}
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-1:8] coordinates{(3,-2) (3,6)};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
&
\stepcounter{graph}\thegraph &
\begin{tikzpicture}[
scale = 0.8,
]
\begin{axis}
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-4:1]{-2*x-1};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{tabular}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
答案2
首先，我缩小了图的大小。其次，[scale only axis]提供更一致的结果。最后，我相对于轴的左下角在两个方向上将边界框扩大了 5pt。这可以补偿由于边缘文本而导致的轻微变化。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{exercise}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{systeme}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\usepackage{tikz}
\pgfplotsset{width=3cm, height=3cm, compat=1.18, scale only axis}
\begin{document}
Write the equation of the lines in the following graphs.
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{enumerate}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
xmin=-1,
xmax=6,
ymin=-8,
ymax=2,
%enlargelimits={abs=0.5},
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-1:4]{3*x-7};
\end{axis}
\path (-5pt,-5pt) (3cm+5pt,3cm+5pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
ymin=-1,
ymax=6,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-4:4]{2};
\end{axis}
\path (-5pt,-5pt) (3cm+5pt,3cm+5pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
ymin=-2,
ymax=6,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-1:8]{-(2/3)*x+4};
\end{axis}
\path (-5pt,-5pt) (3cm+5pt,3cm+5pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
ymin=-3,
ymax=7,
xmin=-4,
xmax=4,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-4:4]{(4/3)*x+2};
\end{axis}
\path (-5pt,-5pt) (3cm+5pt,3cm+5pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
xmin=-1,
xmax=5,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-1:8] coordinates{(3,-3) (3,3)};
\end{axis}
\path (-5pt,-5pt) (3cm+5pt,3cm+5pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
xmin=-4,
xmax=3,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-4:1]{-2*x-1};
\end{axis}
\path (-5pt,-5pt) (3cm+5pt,3cm+5pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{enumerate}
\end{multicols}
\end{document}``
此版本使用 [name=border] 将基线放在轴本身上，而不是边界框上。您仍需要向东和向西扩展边界框。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{exercise}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{systeme}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\usepackage{tikz}
\pgfplotsset{width=3cm, height=3cm, compat=1.18, scale only axis}
\begin{document}
Write the equation of the lines in the following graphs.
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{enumerate}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(border.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
name=border,
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
xmin=-1,
xmax=6,
ymin=-8,
ymax=2,
%enlargelimits={abs=0.5},
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-1:4]{3*x-7};
\end{axis}
\path (-5pt,0pt) (border.north east)++(5pt,0pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(border.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
name=border,
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
ymin=-1,
ymax=6,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-4:4]{2};
\end{axis}
\path (-5pt,0pt) (border.north east)++(5pt,0pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(border.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
name=border,
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
ymin=-2,
ymax=6,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-1:8]{-(2/3)*x+4};
\end{axis}
\path (-5pt,0pt) (border.north east)++(5pt,0pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(border.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
name=border,
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
ymin=-3,
ymax=7,
xmin=-4,
xmax=4,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-4:4]{(4/3)*x+2};
\end{axis}
\path (-5pt,0pt) (border.north east)++(5pt,0pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(border.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
name=border,
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
xmin=-1,
xmax=5,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-1:8] coordinates{(3,-3) (3,3)};
\end{axis}
\path (-5pt,0pt) (border.north east)++(5pt,0pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\item
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(border.north),>=latex]
\begin{axis}[
name=border,
grid=both,
axis lines=middle,
minor tick num=1,
ytick distance=2,
xmin=-4,
xmax=3,
axis line style={latex-latex},
ticklabel style={font=\tiny,fill=white}
]
\addplot[line width=1.5pt, domain=-4:1]{-2*x-1};
\end{axis}
\path (-5pt,0pt) (border.north east)++(5pt,0pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{enumerate}
\end{multicols}
\end{document}