\usepackage{lipsum,tabularx}
\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X} % centered version of "X" column type
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|c|Y|}
\hline
& \multicolumn{4}{c}{Table.1 : Low birth weight and fuel choice}\\
\hline
\textbf{Author} & \textbf{Region} & \textbf{Method} & \textbf{Major Findings} \\
\hline
(Li et al., 2017) & Cross-countries & Meta analysis, Pooled Odd ratio, Relative risk, and hazard ratio & 10-unit increment of particulate matter led 5\% and 2\% higher chance of low birth weight and preterm birth, respectively during pregnancy \\
\hline
Bruce et al., 2013 & 155 countries, from 1974 to 2010 & Meta analysis, Pooled Odd ratio & meta-analysis found links between moderate stunting and severe stunting and exposure to home air pollution, which was defined as the use of solid fuel for cooking \\
\hline
(Liu et al., 2020) & China & Propensity Score Matching & non-solid fuels for cooking helps respondents' living activities without any assistance by between 1.33-1.42\% without assistance by between 3.02-3.40\% \\
\hline
(Islam Mohanty, 2021) & India & estimating mean birth weight & the risk of childhood stunting was considerably increased by 16\% for children under-5 \\
\hline
(Ahmed et al., 2021) & Bangladesh & Adjusted odd ratio & Due to use of bio-mass fuel, prevalence of wasting, underweight, and stunting increased by 16.1\%, 39\% and 43.3\% \\
\hline
\end{tabularx}
答案1
您的表格中有错误。您只指定了两列，但大多数行都有四列，而第一行有五列，因为&四列前面有一个\multicolumn。在修复这些问题之前，不会正确显示任何内容。
我建议加载表格数组包，它使复杂的表格更容易。特别是，您可以使用X带有括号中的选项的样式列，例如c用于居中（l用于左对齐）和co=用于设置扩展系数。（例如，带有的co=2列的宽度是带有的列的两倍。）co=1
这是解决您的问题的第一步。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\begin{document}
\begin{longtblr}[
caption={Low birth weight and fuel choice}
]{
colspec={X[co=1,c]X[co=1,c]X[co=2,l]X[co=3,l]},
hlines,vlines
}
\textbf{Author} & \textbf{Region} & \textbf{Method} & \textbf{Major Findings} \\
(Li et al., 2017) & Cross-countries & Meta analysis, Pooled Odd ratio, Relative risk, and hazard ratio & 10-unit increment of particulate matter led 5\% and 2\% higher chance of low birth weight and preterm birth, respectively during pregnancy \\
Bruce et al., 2013 & 155 countries, from 1974 to 2010 & Meta analysis, Pooled Odd ratio & meta-analysis found links between moderate stunting and severe stunting and exposure to home air pollution, which was defined as the use of solid fuel for cooking \\
(Liu et al., 2020) & China & Propensity Score Matching & non-solid fuels for cooking helps respondents' living activities without any assistance by between 1.33-1.42\% without assistance by between 3.02-3.40\% \\
(Islam Mohanty, 2021) & India & estimating mean birth weight & the risk of childhood stunting was considerably increased by 16\% for children under-5 \\
(Ahmed et al., 2021) & Bang\-ladesh & Adjusted odd ratio & Due to use of bio-mass fuel, prevalence of wasting, underweight, and stunting increased by 16.1\%, 39\% and 43.3\% \\
\end{longtblr}
\end{document}
但是您可以阅读软件包文档并查看其 booktabs 库之类的内容，这可能会大大改善美观度。
答案2
如果需要的话，它xltabular允许分页。
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{xltabular,ragged2e}
\begin{document}
\begin{xltabular}{\textwidth}{|p{2cm}|p{2cm}|X|X|}
\caption{Low birth weight and fuel choice}\\ \hline
\textbf{Author} & \textbf{Region} & \textbf{Method} & \textbf{Major Findings} \\ \hline
(Li et al., 2017) & Cross-countries & Meta analysis, Pooled Odd ratio, Relative risk, and hazard ratio
& 10-unit increment of particulate matter led 5\% and 2\% higher chance of low birth weight
and preterm birth, respectively during pregnancy \\ \hline
Bruce et al., 2013& 155 countries, from 1974 to 2010 & Meta analysis, Pooled Odd ratio & meta-analysis found links between moderate stunting and severe stunting and exposure to home air pollution, which was defined as the use of solid fuel for cooking \\
\hline
(Liu et al., 2020) & China & Propensity Score Matching & non-solid fuels for cooking helps respondents' living activities without any assistance by between 1.33-1.42\% without assistance by between 3.02-3.40\% \\
\hline
(Islam Mohanty, 2021) & India & estimating mean birth weight & the risk of childhood stunting was considerably increased by 16\% for children under-5 \\
\hline
(Ahmed et al., 2021) & Bangladesh & Adjusted odd ratio & Due to use of bio-mass fuel, prevalence of wasting, underweight, and stunting increased by 16.1\%, 39\% and 43.3\% \\
\hline
\end{xltabular}
\end{document}
