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如何减少包含 tikzpicture 的文本和图形之间的垂直空间？

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如何减少包含 tikzpicture 的文本和图形之间的垂直空间？

我有以下代码：

\documentclass[letterpaper]{article}

\usepackage{tikz}

\tikzset{
node distance=3cm, % specifies the minimum distance between two nodes. Change if necessary.
every node/.style={circle,thin, fill=black}, % sets the properties for each ’state’ node
}

\begin{document}

Uma representação geométrica deste plano segue abaixo.
\begin{figure}[H]
    \centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 3cm,   
    every node/.style={
        circle, thin, inner sep = 2pt,fill, black!80
    },
    black!80
    ] 
    \node[label = {$1$}] (1) {};
    \node[right of=1,label = {$2$}] (2) {};
    \node[right of=2,label = {$3$}] (3) {};
    \node[below of=1,label = left:{$4$}] (4) {};
    \node[below of=2,label = {[label distance = .12cm]10:$5$}] (5) {};
    \node[below of=3,label = right:{$6$}] (6) {};
    \node[below of=4,label = below:{$7$}] (7) {};
    \node[below of=5,label = below:{$8$}] (8) {};
    \node[below of=6,label = below:{$9$}] (9) {};
    \draw[-]
    (1) edge[asparagus] (2)
    (2) edge[asparagus] (3)
    (4) edge[red!80] (5)
    (5) edge[red!80] (6)
    (7) edge[purple] (8)
    (8) edge[purple] (9)
    (3) edge[orange!80] (5)
    (5) edge[orange!80] (7)
    (1) edge[gray] (5)
    (5) edge[gray] (9)
    (3) edge[bleudefrance!80] (6)
    (6) edge[bleudefrance!80] (9)
    (1) edge[cyan!80] (4)
    (4) edge[cyan!80] (7)
    (2) edge[pink] (5)
    (5) edge[pink] (8)
    (2) edge[dashed] (4)
    (4) edge[dashed, out=225, in=225, looseness=2] (9)
    (1) edge[orange!80,dashed, out=200, in=225,looseness=2.5] (8)
    (8) edge[orange!80,dashed] (6)
    (3) edge[purple,dashed, out=140, in = 140, looseness =2] (4)
    (4) edge[purple,dashed] (8)
    (6) edge[cyan,dashed] (2)
    (2) edge[cyan,dashed, out=140, in=140, looseness = 2.5] (7); 
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

结果如下：

在此处输入图片描述

正如在输出，空格和图形之间的垂直间距太大。如果我尝试在图形后书写，也会发生这种情况，也就是说，如果我在图形后添加文本，也会有较大的垂直间距。有没有办法减少这个间距？

答案1

  • 您的 MWE 无法编译。遗漏了边缘颜色的定义。
  • 尝试使用bbox库（可在 CTAN 上使用）：
\documentclass[letterpaper, ]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{bbox}

\begin{document}

Uma representação geométrica deste plano segue abaixo.
\begin{figure}[ht]
    \centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[bezier bounding box,    % <----
node distance = 22mm,
  start chain = right,
   dot/.style = {circle, thin, inner sep = 2pt, fill=black!80},
                    ]
    \begin{scope}[nodes={dot}]
\node[label = {$1$}] (1) {};
    \node[right of=1,label = {$2$}] (2) {};
    \node[right of=2,label = {$3$}] (3) {};
    \node[below of=1,label = left:{$4$}] (4) {};
    \node[below of=2,label = {[label distance = .12cm]10:$5$}] (5) {};
    \node[below of=3,label = right:{$6$}] (6) {};
    \node[below of=4,label = below:{$7$}] (7) {};
    \node[below of=5,label = below:{$8$}] (8) {};
    \node[below of=6,label = below:{$9$}] (9) {};
        \end{scope}
\draw[-]
    (1) edge[asparagus] (2)      
    (2) edge[asparagus] (3)     
    (4) edge[red!80] (5)
    (5) edge[red!80] (6)
    (7) edge[purple] (8)
    (8) edge[purple] (9)
    (3) edge[orange!80] (5)
    (5) edge[orange!80] (7)
    (1) edge[gray] (5)
    (5) edge[gray] (9)
    (3) edge[bleudefrance!80] (6)
    (6) edge[bleudefrance!80] (9)
    (1) edge[cyan!80] (4)
    (4) edge[cyan!80] (7)
    (2) edge[pink] (5)
    (5) edge[pink] (8)
    (2) edge[dashed] (4)
    (4) edge[dashed, out=225, in=225, looseness=2] (9)
    (1) edge[orange!80,dashed, out=200, in=225,looseness=2.5] (8)
    (8) edge[orange!80,dashed] (6)
    (3) edge[purple,dashed, out=140, in = 140, looseness =2] (4)
    (4) edge[purple,dashed] (8)
    (6) edge[cyan,dashed] (2)
    (2) edge[cyan,dashed, out=140, in=140, looseness = 2.5] (7);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

强制编译后得到以下结果：

在此处输入图片描述

附录：
题外话：重新设计 OP 图像（以及代码的样式）的示例。更改的内容包括：

  • 标签的位置定义为标签锚点，对于所有节点都是相同的。
  • 节点之间的线在背景中绘制。
  • 线条颜色从默认颜色中选择xcolor（由包加载tikz）。现在 MWE 可以编译而不会出现警告和错误。
  • 节点通过使用chains库来放置。这使代码更短更清晰。
\documentclass[letterpaper, ]{article}
\usepackage[a5paper,
            showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds, 
                bbox,                        % <----
                chains,
                positioning}

\begin{document}

Uma representação geométrica deste plano segue abaixo.
    \begin{figure}[ht]
    \centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[bezier bounding box,    % <----
node distance = 22mm,
  start chain = right,
   dot/.style = {circle, thin, inner sep = 2pt, fill=black!80,
                 on chain,
                 label=#1, node contents={},
                 },
every label/.append style = {font=\small, fill=white, anchor=south west,
                             inner sep=1.2pt, outer sep=1pt}
                    ]
\node (1) [dot = $1$];
\node (2) [dot = $2$];
\node (3) [dot = $3$];
    
\node (4) [dot = $4$, below=of 1];
\node (5) [dot = $5$];
\node (6) [dot = $6$];
    
\node (7) [dot = $7$, below=of 4];
\node (8) [dot = $8$];
\node (9) [dot = $9$];

\scoped[on background layer]
\draw   (1) edge[olive]     (2) edge[olive]     (3)     %   asparagus
        (4) edge[red!80]    (5) edge[red!80]    (6)
        (7) edge[purple]    (8) edge[purple]    (9)
    %
        (3) edge[orange!80] (5) edge[orange!80] (7)
        (1) edge[gray]      (5) edge[gray]      (9)
    %
        (1) edge[cyan!80]   (4) edge[cyan!80]   (7)
        (2) edge[pink]      (5) edge[pink]      (8)
        (3) edge[blue!80]   (6) edge[blue!80]   (9)   %   bleudefrance!80
        ;
\draw[orange!80,dashed] 
        (6) to  (8) edge[out=225, in=220,looseness=2.5] (1);
\draw[dashed]       
        (2) to  (4) edge[out=225, in=225, looseness=2]  (9);
\draw[cyan,dashed]  
        (6) to  (2) edge[out=140, in=140, looseness=2.5]    (7);
\draw[purple!80,dashed] 
        (8) to  (4) edge[out=140, in=140, looseness=2]      (3);

\end{tikzpicture}
    \end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

使用float包，如以下代码所示：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz,calc,lipsum,float}
\begin{document}
    \lipsum[1]
    \begin{figure}[H]
        \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.5]
            \draw[gray!30] (-3,-3) grid (3,3);
            \draw[-latex,blue] (-3.4,0)--(3.4,0) node[right] (x) {\footnotesize $x$};
            \draw[-latex,blue] (0,-3.4)--(0,3.4) node[above] (y) {\footnotesize $y$};
            \foreach \i in {-3,-2,...,3}{
                \foreach \j in {-3,-2,...,3}{
                    %\pgfmathsetmacro\h{int(\i+\j)};
                    \filldraw[black] (\i,\j) circle(.8pt);
                    \node[blue,right] at (\i,\j+.1) (\i) {\tiny (\i,\j)};
                    
                }
            } 
        \end{tikzpicture}  
    \caption{Tikzpcture below text}
    \end{figure}
    \lipsum[2]   
\end{document}

输出：

在此处输入图片描述

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