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如何使形状产生阴影并减少行之间的距离？

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如何使形状产生阴影并减少行之间的距离？

有人可以帮忙制作形状阴影并减少第一行和第二行之间的距离吗？

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这就是我所寻找的阴影类型。

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    \documentclass{minimal}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes}
 
\tikzstyle{block}=[rectangle,draw,fill=blue!20,text width=5em,text badly centered,rounded corners,minimum height=4em]  
\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3cm,auto]  
    
    \node[block]  (n1)  {First};  
    \node[block, right of=n1]  (n2) {Second};  
    \node[block, right of=n2] (n3) {Third};  
    \node[block, below of=n2] (n4) {Forth};  
    \node[block, below of=n3] (n5) {Fifth};  
    
    \begin{scope}[>=stealth,line width=3pt]
    \draw[->, cyan!50] (n1)  -- (n2);  
    \draw[->,cyan!50] (n2) -- (n3);  
    \draw[->,cyan!50] (n2) -- (n4);  
    \draw[->,cyan!50] (n4) -- (n5);  
    \end{scope}

  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案1

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我定义了两种类型的阴影，drop shadow和shadow。你可以在第五个节点上看到区别。箭头没有阴影。如果你需要的话……我们拭目以待。

对于节点之间的距离，positioning调用该库。

附录 一旦定义了节点，它们之间的箭头就可以用edge或 命令引入to。使用后者，也可以使用类似 的语法|-。

为箭头添加阴影的简单解决方案也基于第二种形式的使用；每个箭头可以绘制两次。不过这不是最漂亮的解决方案。

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代码

\documentclass[11pt, margin=1cm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning, shadows.blur, arrows.meta, shapes}

\tikzset{
  drop shadow/.style={
    blur shadow={%
      shadow xshift=1.5pt,
      shadow yshift=-1pt,
      shadow blur steps=9,
      shadow blur extra rounding=1.5pt%
    },
  },
  shadow/.style={%
    preaction={%
      fill=black!20, transform canvas={xshift=2.5pt, yshift=-1.5pt}
    }
  },
  block/.style={%
    draw, rectangle, rounded corners,
    orange!50!red!80!black, fill=orange!50!red!90!black,
    text width=5em, text badly centered, text=white,
    minimum height=4em
  },
  spear/.style={%
    arrows={-Latex[length=1em, width=3ex]}, blue!50!cyan!70!black,
    line width=1ex, shorten <=3pt, shorten >=3pt
  }
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=1cm and 2cm, auto]  
  \node[block, drop shadow]  (n1)  {First};  
  \node[block, drop shadow, right=of n1]  (n2) {Second};  
  \node[block, drop shadow, right=of n2] (n3) {Third};  
  \node[block, drop shadow, below=of n2] (n4) {Forth};  
  \node[block, shadow, below=of n3] (n5) {Fifth};  

  \path[->] (n1) edge[spear] (n2)
  (n2) edge[spear] (n3)
  (n2) edge[spear] (n4)
  (n3) edge[spear] (n5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

对于附录，spearCS创建了样式，

  spearCS/.style={%
    arrows={-Latex[length=1em, width=3ex]}, black!20,
    line width=1ex, shorten <=5pt, shorten >=5pt,
    transform canvas={xshift=2pt, yshift=-1.5pt}

进而

  \draw[spearCS] (n1) to (n2);
  \draw[spearCS] (n2) to (n3);
  \draw[spearCS, rounded corners] (n2) |- (n5);

被使用。

答案2

您可以使用缩短> = 3pt：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{4}
 
\tikzstyle{block}=[rectangle,draw,fill=blue!20,text width=5em,text badly centered,rounded corners,minimum height=4em]  
\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3cm,shorten >=3pt,shorten <=3pt]  
    
    \node[block]  (n1)  {First};  
    \node[block, right of=n1]  (n2) {Second};  
    \node[block, right of=n2] (n3) {Third};  
    \node[block, below of=n2] (n4) {Forth};  
    \node[block, below of=n3] (n5) {Fifth};  
    
    \begin{scope}[>=stealth,line width=3pt]
    \draw[->, cyan!50] (n1)  -- (n2);  
    \draw[->,cyan!50] (n2) -- (n3);  
    \draw[->,cyan!50] (n2) -- (n4);  
    \draw[->,cyan!50] (n4) -- (n5);  
    \end{scope}

  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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答案3

我使用库arrows.meta和positioning。我无法同时设置线条粗细和箭头。我创建了一个绘制线条然后绘制箭头的命令。

\documentclass{minimal}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,positioning}

\tikzset{every node/.style={
            draw=black,
            fill=blue!20,
            text width=5em,
            text centered,
            rounded corners,
            minimum height=4em,
            node distance=1cm and 2cm, auto
            },
        trait/.style={
            line width=7pt,
            cyan!50,        
            shorten >=7pt
            },
        arrow/.style={
            -Triangle,
            line width=3pt,
            cyan!50
        }
        }
\newcommand{\joint}[2]{%
            \draw[trait] (#1)  -- (#2); 
            \draw[arrow] (#1)  -- (#2);
            }

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \node  (n1)  {First};  
    \node[right= of n1] (n2) {Second};  
    \node[right= of n2] (n3) {Third};
    \node[below= of n2] (n4) {Forth};  
    \node[below= of n3] (n5) {Fifth};  
    

    \joint{n1}{n2}
    \joint{n2}{n3}
    \joint{n2}{n4}
    \joint{n4}{n5}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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编辑2 有了Daniel N.的代码，我学会了同时做这两件事，代码就简化了

\documentclass{minimal}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,positioning}

\tikzset{every node/.style={
            draw=black,
            fill=blue!20,
            text width=5em,
            text centered,
            rounded corners,
            minimum height=4em,
            node distance=1cm and 2cm, auto
            },
        trait/.style={
            arrows={-Triangle[length=1em, width=3ex]},
            line width=7pt,
            cyan!50,        
            %shorten >=7pt
            }
        % arrow/.style={
        %     arrows={-Triangle[length=1em, width=3ex]},
        %     %-Triangle,
        %     line width=3pt,
        %     cyan!50
        % }
        }
% \newcommand{\joint}[2]{%
%             \draw[trait] (#1)  -- (#2); 
%             \draw[arrow] (#1)  -- (#2);
%             }

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \node  (n1)  {First};  
    \node[right= of n1] (n2) {Second};  
    \node[right= of n2] (n3) {Third};
    \node[below= of n2] (n4) {Forth};  
    \node[below= of n3] (n5) {Fifth};  
    

    \draw[trait] (n1)--(n2);
    \draw[trait] (n2)--(n3);
    \draw[trait] (n2)--(n4);
    \draw[trait] (n4)--(n5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案4

通过使用arrows.meta、positioning和shadows库以及简单的默认drop shadows选项来定义节点的形状。对于节点定位，使用“定位”库语法（参见代码中的注释）：

%\documentclass{article}
\documentclass[margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                positioning,
                shadows}        % <---

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 7mm and 11mm,   % set desired distance between nodes <vertical> and <horizontal>       
   box/.style = {draw, fill=red, rounded corners,
                 minimum height=4em, text width=5em, align=flush center,
                 text=white,
                 drop shadow},
every edge/.append style = {draw=cyan, line width=3mm, -{Triangle[length=3mm,width=5mm]},
                            shorten <=1mm, shorten >=0.5mm}
                        ]
%
\node[box]  (n1)  {First};
\node[box, right=of n1] (n2) {Second};  % observe "=of <node name>" instead yourd "of = <node name>"
\node[box, right=of n2] (n3) {Third};
\node[box, below=of n2] (n4) {Forth};
\node[box, below=of n3] (n5) {Fifth};
%
\draw   (n1) edge (n2)
        (n2) edge (n3)
        (n2) edge (n4)
        (n4) edge (n5);
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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附录：
但是，如果您更喜欢模糊阴影，那么您需要shadows加载blur.shadows库（它也支持库）并在上面的代码中用以下shadow选项替换节点选项：drop shadowblur shadow

\documentclass[margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                positioning,
                shadows.blur}        % <---

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 7mm and 11mm,   % set desired distance between nodes yvertical> and <horizontal>
   box/.style = {draw, fill=red, rounded corners,
                 minimum height=4em, text width=5em, align=flush center,
                 text=white,
                 drop shadow},
every edge/.append style = {draw=cyan, line width=3mm, -{Triangle[length=3mm,width=5mm]},
                            shorten <=1mm, shorten >=0.5mm}
                        ]
% rest is the same as in above MWE

编译结果：

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注意：到目前为止，捆绑包文档blur.shadows中尚未描述tikz。有关详细信息，请参阅pgf-blur – PGF/TikZ 包。

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