Musixtex 中的节奏听写乐谱（全音符的插入字体）

Question 1

包 XITS 中有\dottedcircle字形，可\resizebox从graphicx包中导入，然后使用调整大小。然后可使用将虚线椭圆放在五线谱上\zcn。

下面的代码包含一个宏\beats，它以一串音符（以逗号分隔）作为参数。例如，前五个节拍是用产生的\beat{c,d,e,f,g}。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setmainlanguage{spanish}

\usepackage{unicode-math}
\setmathfont{Latin Modern Math}
\setmathfont[range={\dottedcircle}]{XITS Math}

\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, calc}
\tikzstyle{every picture}+=[remember picture]

\usepackage{pifont} % Para usar simbolos ding
\usepackage{musicography}
\usepackage{musixtex} 
\input{musixlyr}
\input {musixcho}
\input {musixdat}%fecha
\input {musixfll}
\input {musixgre}%gregoriano
\input {musixper}%percusión
\input {musixppff}
\input {musixstr}
\input {musixvbm}  % experimental vectorized beams
\input {musixdbr} % lineas de barras punteadas, discontinuas y arbitrariamente discontinuas
\input {musixbm} % compatibilidad garrapateas con ganchos o con barras
\input {musixbbm} % compatibilidad semi garrapateas con ganchos o con barras

\newlength{\musicwidth}%new
\setlength{\musicwidth}{0.95\textwidth}%new, can be set for each instance of a figure environment 

\newcommand{\beat}[1]{\foreach \n in {#1}{\zcn{\n}{\raisebox{-.35ex}{\resizebox{1.75ex}{.95ex}{$\dottedcircle$}}}\sk}}

\begin{document}
The student sees the score and hear the rythm dictation:

\begin{music}
    \resetlyrics
    \instrumentnumber{1}
    \nostartrule
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac{2}4} %Compás en 2/4
    \hsize=\musicwidth
    \nobarnumbers
    \sepbarrules%
    \startpiece% g k
    \notes\beat{c,d,e,f,g} \sk \beat{g,f,g,f,g} \sk \beat{g,f,e,f,g,f,g,f,e,d,c}\en%
    \Endpiece
 \end{music}

After that, student resolve the exercise:

 \begin{music}
    \resetlyrics
    \instrumentnumber{1}
    \nostartrule
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac{2}4} %Compás en 2/4
    \hsize=\musicwidth
    \nobarnumbers
    \sepbarrules%
    \startpiece%
    \notes\ibu0c3\qb0{c}\tbu0\qb0{d}\ibu0e3\qb0{e}\tbu0\qb0{f}\en\bar%
    \notes\qu g \qp\en\bar
    \notes\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\en\bar%
    \notes\qu g \qp\en\bar
    \notes\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\ibu0e{3}\qb0{e}\tbu0\qb0{f}\en\bar%
    \notes\qu g \qu f\en\bar
    \notes\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\ibu0e{-3}\qb0{e}\tbu0\qb0{d}\en\bar%
    \notes\hu c\en
    \Endpiece
 \end{music}

\end{document}

Answer

包 XITS 中有\dottedcircle字形，可\resizebox从graphicx包中导入，然后使用调整大小。然后可使用将虚线椭圆放在五线谱上\zcn。

下面的代码包含一个宏\beats，它以一串音符（以逗号分隔）作为参数。例如，前五个节拍是用产生的\beat{c,d,e,f,g}。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setmainlanguage{spanish}

\usepackage{unicode-math}
\setmathfont{Latin Modern Math}
\setmathfont[range={\dottedcircle}]{XITS Math}

\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, calc}
\tikzstyle{every picture}+=[remember picture]

\usepackage{pifont} % Para usar simbolos ding
\usepackage{musicography}
\usepackage{musixtex} 
\input{musixlyr}
\input {musixcho}
\input {musixdat}%fecha
\input {musixfll}
\input {musixgre}%gregoriano
\input {musixper}%percusión
\input {musixppff}
\input {musixstr}
\input {musixvbm}  % experimental vectorized beams
\input {musixdbr} % lineas de barras punteadas, discontinuas y arbitrariamente discontinuas
\input {musixbm} % compatibilidad garrapateas con ganchos o con barras
\input {musixbbm} % compatibilidad semi garrapateas con ganchos o con barras

\newlength{\musicwidth}%new
\setlength{\musicwidth}{0.95\textwidth}%new, can be set for each instance of a figure environment 

\newcommand{\beat}[1]{\foreach \n in {#1}{\zcn{\n}{\raisebox{-.35ex}{\resizebox{1.75ex}{.95ex}{$\dottedcircle$}}}\sk}}

\begin{document}
The student sees the score and hear the rythm dictation:

\begin{music}
    \resetlyrics
    \instrumentnumber{1}
    \nostartrule
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac{2}4} %Compás en 2/4
    \hsize=\musicwidth
    \nobarnumbers
    \sepbarrules%
    \startpiece% g k
    \notes\beat{c,d,e,f,g} \sk \beat{g,f,g,f,g} \sk \beat{g,f,e,f,g,f,g,f,e,d,c}\en%
    \Endpiece
 \end{music}

After that, student resolve the exercise:

 \begin{music}
    \resetlyrics
    \instrumentnumber{1}
    \nostartrule
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac{2}4} %Compás en 2/4
    \hsize=\musicwidth
    \nobarnumbers
    \sepbarrules%
    \startpiece%
    \notes\ibu0c3\qb0{c}\tbu0\qb0{d}\ibu0e3\qb0{e}\tbu0\qb0{f}\en\bar%
    \notes\qu g \qp\en\bar
    \notes\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\en\bar%
    \notes\qu g \qp\en\bar
    \notes\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\ibu0e{3}\qb0{e}\tbu0\qb0{f}\en\bar%
    \notes\qu g \qu f\en\bar
    \notes\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\ibu0e{-3}\qb0{e}\tbu0\qb0{d}\en\bar%
    \notes\hu c\en
    \Endpiece
 \end{music}

\end{document}

Question 2

一个简单的替代方案是\usepackage{color}，也许可以用等来代替\wh（\textcolor{lightgray}{\nh参见第一组和第二组注释之间的区别）。对于第二行中其余部分周围的方框，您已经在对其他问题的回答中得到了答案。

\documentclass[tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setmainlanguage{spanish}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, calc}
\tikzstyle{every picture}+=[remember picture]

\usepackage{pifont} % Para usar simbolos ding
\usepackage{musicography}
\usepackage{musixtex} 
\usepackage{color}% new
\input{musixlyr}
\input {musixcho}
\input {musixdat}%fecha
\input {musixfll}
\input {musixgre}%gregoriano
\input {musixper}%percusión
\input {musixppff}
\input {musixstr}
\input {musixvbm}  % experimental vectorized beams
\input {musixdbr} % lineas de barras punteadas, discontinuas y arbitrariamente discontinuas
\input {musixbm} % compatibilidad garrapateas con ganchos o con barras
\input {musixbbm} % compatibilidad semi garrapateas con ganchos o con barras

\newlength{\musicwidth}%new
\setlength{\musicwidth}{0.95\textwidth}%new, can be set for each instance of a figure environment 

\begin{document}
The student sees the score and hear the rythm dictation:

\begin{music}
\parindent0pt%
\textcolor{lightgray}%
    \resetlyrics
    \instrumentnumber{1}
    \nostartrule
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac{2}4} %Compás en 2/4
    \hsize=\musicwidth
    \nobarnumbers
    \sepbarrules%
    \startpiece% g k
    \notes\textcolor{lightgray}{\nh{cdefg}\sk\wh{gfgfg} \sk \wh{gfefgfgfedc}}\en%
    \Endpiece
 \end{music}

After that, student resolve the exercise:

 \begin{music}
    \resetlyrics
    \parindent0pt%
    \instrumentnumber{1}
    \nostartrule
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac{2}4} %Compás en 2/4
    \hsize=\musicwidth
    \nobarnumbers
    \sepbarrules%
    \startpiece%
    \notes\ibu0c3\qb0{c}\tbu0\qb0{d}\ibu0e3\qb0{e}\tbu0\qb0{f}\en\bar%
    \notes\qu g \qp\en\bar
    \notes\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\en\bar%
    \notes\qu g \qp\en\bar
    \notes\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\ibu0e{3}\qb0{e}\tbu0\qb0{f}\en\bar%
    \notes\qu g \qu f\en\bar
    \notes\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\ibu0e{-3}\qb0{e}\tbu0\qb0{d}\en\bar%
    \notes\hu c\en
    \Endpiece
 \end{music}

\end{document}

Answer

一个简单的替代方案是\usepackage{color}，也许可以用等来代替\wh（\textcolor{lightgray}{\nh参见第一组和第二组注释之间的区别）。对于第二行中其余部分周围的方框，您已经在对其他问题的回答中得到了答案。

\documentclass[tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setmainlanguage{spanish}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, calc}
\tikzstyle{every picture}+=[remember picture]

\usepackage{pifont} % Para usar simbolos ding
\usepackage{musicography}
\usepackage{musixtex} 
\usepackage{color}% new
\input{musixlyr}
\input {musixcho}
\input {musixdat}%fecha
\input {musixfll}
\input {musixgre}%gregoriano
\input {musixper}%percusión
\input {musixppff}
\input {musixstr}
\input {musixvbm}  % experimental vectorized beams
\input {musixdbr} % lineas de barras punteadas, discontinuas y arbitrariamente discontinuas
\input {musixbm} % compatibilidad garrapateas con ganchos o con barras
\input {musixbbm} % compatibilidad semi garrapateas con ganchos o con barras

\newlength{\musicwidth}%new
\setlength{\musicwidth}{0.95\textwidth}%new, can be set for each instance of a figure environment 

\begin{document}
The student sees the score and hear the rythm dictation:

\begin{music}
\parindent0pt%
\textcolor{lightgray}%
    \resetlyrics
    \instrumentnumber{1}
    \nostartrule
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac{2}4} %Compás en 2/4
    \hsize=\musicwidth
    \nobarnumbers
    \sepbarrules%
    \startpiece% g k
    \notes\textcolor{lightgray}{\nh{cdefg}\sk\wh{gfgfg} \sk \wh{gfefgfgfedc}}\en%
    \Endpiece
 \end{music}

After that, student resolve the exercise:

 \begin{music}
    \resetlyrics
    \parindent0pt%
    \instrumentnumber{1}
    \nostartrule
    \generalmeter{\meterfrac{2}4} %Compás en 2/4
    \hsize=\musicwidth
    \nobarnumbers
    \sepbarrules%
    \startpiece%
    \notes\ibu0c3\qb0{c}\tbu0\qb0{d}\ibu0e3\qb0{e}\tbu0\qb0{f}\en\bar%
    \notes\qu g \qp\en\bar
    \notes\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\en\bar%
    \notes\qu g \qp\en\bar
    \notes\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\ibu0e{3}\qb0{e}\tbu0\qb0{f}\en\bar%
    \notes\qu g \qu f\en\bar
    \notes\ibu0g{-3}\qb0{g}\tbu0\qb0{f}\ibu0e{-3}\qb0{e}\tbu0\qb0{d}\en\bar%
    \notes\hu c\en
    \Endpiece
 \end{music}

\end{document}

Question 3

据我所知，您需要为虚线音符定义自己的一组字形。

常见的做法有

用宽度为 0pt 的框覆盖注释，并在其中放置例如字母“X”或“+”（如果足够大）以及文本颜色，以模仿破折号
例如使用 tikz、metafont 和类似软件绘制您自己的字形。

（查看 musixtex 文件了解它们如何定义和使用用于排版的音符。）

这是可以做到的，但需要付出一些努力和小心。所以我在寻找更简单的替代方案，以达到类似的效果。

例如，您可以用更浅的灰色文本颜色打印整个笔记，即根本不使用任何破折号。

Answer