将文本放置在其他文本之下/之上的正确方法是什么？

Question

长话短说，我通过center环境在文本宽度的中间写了一句话，我想在某些单词的下面或上面放置一些文字来解释它们是如何组成的，例如

                     write + -ed
this is a sentence with written long time ago

我对支架并不是特别感兴趣，但如果必须选择的话，我希望它是这样的：

                     write + -ed
                     \____ ____/
                          V
this is a sentence with written long time ago

我显然知道underbrace和overbrace，以及_和^，但它们只在数学模式下工作，所以我想知道文本模式下是否存在可立即使用的解决方案。

Answer 1

如何使用overlay tikzpicture。您有tikzmark和decorations专门用于此的库。

例如：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage   {lipsum} % dummy text
\usepackage   {tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing,tikzmark}

\tikzset{my brace/.style={decorate,decoration={brace,raise=-1mm,amplitude=2.5mm}}}

\begin{document}
\lipsum[1]
\begin{center}
\vspace*{0.5cm} % for the overlay picture
this is a sentence with \tikzmarknode{a}{written} long time ago
\end{center}

\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\node[yshift=0.7cm] (b) at (a) {\small\color{red}write $+$ -ed};
\draw[my brace] (b.south east) -- (b.south west);
\end{tikzpicture}

\lipsum[2]
\end{document}

编辑：要强制tikzpicture与文本位于同一页面上，您可以将它们放在一个figure环境中。这样：

\documentclass {article}
\usepackage    {lipsum} % dummy text
\usepackage    {tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing,tikzmark}

\tikzset{my brace/.style={decorate,decoration={brace,raise=-1mm,amplitude=2.5mm}}}

\begin{document}
\lipsum[1-4]
\lipsum[2]
\textcolor{blue}{Comment this line and see what happens.}

\begin{figure}[ht]\centering
\vspace*{0.5cm} % for the overlay picture
this is a sentence with \tikzmarknode{a}{written} long time ago
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\node[yshift=0.7cm] (b) at (a) {\small\color{red}write $+$ -ed};
\draw[red,my brace] (b.south east) -- (b.south west);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\lipsum[5]
\end{document}

Answer 2

几周前我为一个朋友做了这件事。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xcolor}

\newenvironment{annotated}{\par\linespread{1.5}\selectfont}{\par}

\newcommand{\xrulefill}{%
  \leaders\hrule
    height\dimexpr0.5ex+0.2pt\relax
    depth-\dimexpr0.5ex-0.2pt\relax
  \hfill
}

\NewDocumentCommand{\var}{smm}{%
  \leavevmode\vbox{%
    \offinterlineskip
    \linespread{1}\selectfont
    \ialign{%
      ##\hfil\cr
      \textcolor{black!80}{%
        \scriptsize\strut #3\IfBooleanT{#1}{\xrulefill}%
      }\cr
      \noalign{\vspace{-0.4ex}}
      \strut#2\cr
    }%
  }%
}

\begin{document}

this is a sentence this is a sentence this is a sentence this is a sentence
this is a sentence this is \var{a}{one} sentence this is a 
\var{sentence}{pqy} with text \var{written}{writ+-ed} long ago
this is a sentence this is a sentence this is a sentence
this is a sentence

\bigskip

\begin{annotated}
this is a sentence this is a sentence this is a sentence this is a sentence
this is a \var*{sentence}{xyz} this \var{}{missing} is a sentence this is a 
\var{sentence}{pqy} with text \var{written}{writ+-ed} long ago
this is a sentence this is a sentence this is a sentence
this is a sentence
\end{annotated}

\end{document}

您可以\var在任何地方使用，但正如您在第一个示例中看到的，行距会受到严重影响，因此我提供了annotated增加行距的环境以适应此类文本变体（或注释）。

添加\var*一条规则来涵盖所有内容，以便当变体影响多个单词时更好地指定它指的是什么。

你可能进行修改，使得变体不占用水平空间，但会牺牲清晰度。