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帮助我从静止的 Tikz-3D 图像创建动画并改变一个变量的值

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帮助我从静止的 Tikz-3D 图像创建动画并改变一个变量的值

我刚刚开始学习使用静态图像制作 tikz。这是我第一次尝试制作动画。

我有这个代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{0}{0}
\definecolor{ocre}{RGB}{243,102,25}
\colorlet{mild}{ocre!50}
\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[y={(0,-0.385cm)},z={(0,1cm)},scale=1.25]
        \fill[rotate around z=10, mild] (0,0) -- (0,0,2) -- (1,0,2) -- (1,0,0) -- cycle;
        \draw (1,0) arc (0:180:1);
        \draw[dashed] (-1,0) arc (180:360:1);
        \draw (0,0,2) circle (1);
        \draw[rotate around z=40, dashed] (1,0,0) -- (0,0) -- (0,0,2);
        \draw[rotate around z=40] (0,0,2) -- (1,0,2) -- (1,0,0);
        \draw (-1,0,0) -- (-1,0,2);
        \draw (1,0,0) -- (1,0,2);
        \draw[rotate around z=40, scale=0.8] (0,0,0.3) -- (0.3,0,0.3) -- (0.3,0,0);
        \begin{scope}[xshift=3cm]
            \tdplotsetrotatedcoords{0}{40}{0};
            \fill[mild,tdplot_rotated_coords] (0,0,0) arc (-90:90:1);
            \draw[tdplot_rotated_coords] (0,0,0) arc (-90:90:1);
            \tdplotsetrotatedcoords{0}{0}{0};
            \draw[tdplot_rotated_coords] (0,1,0) circle (1);
            \draw[dashed,tdplot_rotated_coords] (0,2,0) -- (0,0,0);
            \draw (1,0,1) arc (0:180:1);
            \draw[dashed] (-1,0,1) arc (180:360:1);
        \end{scope}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

请注意，如果我在这里改变 $z$ 的值：

    \fill[rotate around z=10, mild] (0,0) -- (0,0,2) -- (1,0,2) -- (1,0,0) -- cycle;

从 z=20 到 z=10，再到 z=0，z = -10，z = -20 等。它将使橙色阴影旋转 360 度。我想要这个动画。如何创建它。

包括球体的橙色阴影，我们可以创建阴影 360 度旋转的动画吗？

1

答案1

可以tikzpicture通过将其包装在一个带有一个强制参数的命令中来实现参数化，该命令是是轴。在 中tikzpicture，要参数化的旋转角度被命令参数替换#1，即：

\fill[rotate around z=#1, mild] (0,0) -- (0,0,2) -- (1,0,2) -- (1,0,0) -- cycle;

然后，将该命令放在循环命令的主体中，例如\multiframepkg animate，它传递一系列旋转角度。

在此处输入图片描述

;请注意，原始实现中的两个太多了，导致出现Missing character: There is no ; in font nullfont!警告。此外，代码经过了轻微修改，以允许旋转角度 > 180° 时出现虚线隐藏线。

完整代码：

\documentclass[margin=1pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{0}{0}
\definecolor{ocre}{RGB}{243,102,25}
\colorlet{mild}{ocre!50}

% parameterised tikzpicture with one parameter (rot angle about z)
\NewDocumentCommand\parampicture{m}{%
  \begin{tikzpicture}[y={(0,-0.385cm)},z={(0,1cm)},scale=1.25]
    \fill[rotate around z=#1, mild] (0,0) -- (0,0,2) -- (1,0,2) -- (1,0,0) -- cycle;
    \draw (1,0) arc (0:180:1);
    \draw[dashed] (-1,0) arc (180:360:1);
    \draw (0,0,2) circle (1);
    \draw[rotate around z=#1, dashed] (1,0,0) -- (0,0) -- (0,0,2);
    \draw[rotate around z=#1] (0,0,2) -- (1,0,2);
    \draw[rotate around z=#1, \ifnum#1>180 dashed\fi] (1,0,2) -- (1,0,0);
    \draw (-1,0,0) -- (-1,0,2);
    \draw (1,0,0) -- (1,0,2);
    \draw[rotate around z=#1, scale=0.8] (0,0,0.3) -- (0.3,0,0.3) -- (0.3,0,0);
    \begin{scope}[xshift=3cm]
      \tdplotsetrotatedcoords{0}{#1}{0}
      \fill[mild,tdplot_rotated_coords] (0,0,0) arc (-90:90:1);
      \draw[tdplot_rotated_coords, \ifnum#1>180 dashed\fi] (0,0,0) arc (-90:90:1);
      \tdplotsetrotatedcoords{0}{0}{0}
      \draw[tdplot_rotated_coords] (0,1,0) circle (1);
      \draw[dashed,tdplot_rotated_coords] (0,2,0) -- (0,0,0);
      \draw (1,0,1) arc (0:180:1);
      \draw[dashed] (-1,0,1) arc (180:360:1);
    \end{scope}
  \end{tikzpicture}%
}

\usepackage[export]{animate}

\begin{document}
  \begin{animateinline}[autoplay,loop]{25}
  \multiframe{360}{i=0+1}{
    \parampicture{\i}
  }
  \end{animateinline}
\end{document}

要获取适用于 Okular 或 Acrobat Reader 的 PDF 动画，请export从中删除选项animate。

答案2

这只是一个建议，但太长了，不能作为评论。动画片由...提供亚历克斯非常好，和我的动画本质上是一样的。

我要改变的是 3D 视图，使其更加逼真，特别是球体。为此，我将3d使用perspectiveTi钾Z 库。我也需要使用intersections来设置可见性\clip。

这是我的方法：

\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage[export]{animate}
\usetikzlibrary{3d,intersections,perspective}

\definecolor{ocre}{RGB}{243,102,25}
\tikzset
{% styles
   not visible/.style={draw=gray,very thin},% <--- change it for dashed if you prefer
   section/.style={not visible,fill=ocre,fill opacity=0.5},
}

% parameterised tikzpicture with three parameters
% #1 = rotation angle around z,
% #2 = 3d view angle azimuth,
% #3 = 3d view angle elevation > 0 !!!
\NewDocumentCommand\parampicture{mmm}{%
  \begin{tikzpicture}[line cap=round,line join=round,3d view={#2}{#3}]
    % cylinder
    \draw[not visible] (#2-180:1) arc (#2-180:#2-360:1);
    \begin{scope}[rotate around z=#1+#2,canvas is xz plane at y=0]
      \fill[section]     (0,0) rectangle (1,2);
      \draw[not visible] (0,0.25) -| (0.25,0);
      \draw              (0,2)    -- (1,2) \ifnum#1>180 -- (1,0)\fi;
    \end{scope}
    \draw (#2-180:1) ++  (0,0,2)  --++ (0,0,-2) arc (#2-180:#2:1) --++ (0,0,2);
    \draw (0,0,2) circle (1);    
    % sphere
    \begin{scope}[shift={(#2:2.5)}]
      \path[name path=sphere] (0,0,1) circle (0.999cm);% Ooops, TikZ precision!!!
      \draw[not visible]      (0,0,0) -- (0,0,2);
      \begin{scope}[rotate around z=#2,canvas is xy plane at z=1]
        \draw[not visible] (1,0) arc (0: 180:1);
        \draw              (1,0) arc (0:-180:1);
      \end{scope}
      \begin{scope}[rotate around z=#1+#2,canvas is xz plane at y=0]
        \draw[section,name path=semicircle] (0,0) arc (-90:90:1);
        \path[name intersections={of=sphere and semicircle}];
        \clip[overlay] (0,1) -- (intersection-1) --++ (2,0) |- (-1,3) -- cycle;
        \draw (0,0) arc (-90:90:1);
      \end{scope}
      \draw (0,0,1) circle (1cm);
    \end{scope}
  \end{tikzpicture}%
}

\begin{document}
  \begin{animateinline}[autoplay,loop]{25}
    % better to avoid a frame with i=90
    \multiframe{90}{i=0+4}{\parampicture{\i}{130}{30}}
  \end{animateinline}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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