表格离开页面并且无法编译

Question 1

我只关注表格，因为它是你问题的一个主题。

表格超出页面的原因在于文本和l类型列的长度，如果超出页面边界，则不会换行。一种解决方案是应用p{width}（及其变体 sam{}或b{}）来创建固定列，这样可以换行较长的文本。

此外，按照您的方法，表格有 3 列。第一列只包含一行长文本，占用大量空间，其他两列可以使用这些空间，因为它们包含长段落。我会将“不一致”一词移到顶部，并将问题/修复排列在单独的行中。

“不一致”可以旋转以减小第一列的大小，并使所有内容保持与原始布局相似。您可以考虑垂直渲染整个表格；只需将table[tbh]环境更改为sidewaystable（需要加载rotating）。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{caption}

\renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}


\begin{document}
\begin{center}
  \renewcommand\arraystretch{1.25}
  \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{p{1.7cm}X}
    \toprule
    \multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Inconsistency}} \\
    \midrule[\heavyrulewidth]
    \textbf{Problem:} & Some records have missing data for all UPDRS-III variables. \\
    \textbf{Fix:}     & Remove these records \\
    \midrule
    \textbf{Problem:} & A few records have PDSTATE=ON and PDTRTMNT=0, which is inconsistent: \\
    \textbf{Fix:}     & Set PDTRTMNT=1 for these records. It doesn't seem realistic that a plausible PDMEDTM and PDSTATE=ON have been entered by mistake while the patient was not under medication. \\
    \midrule
    \textbf{Problem:} & Some records have a non-empty PDMEDTM and have PDTRTMNT=0, which is inconsistent. \\
    \textbf{Fix:}     & Set PDTRTMNT=1. It is unlikely that a plausible medication time was entered by mistake. \\
    \midrule
    \textbf{Problem:} & Some patients were on medication at screening time while PPMI patients were supposed to be unmedicated at screening time. \\
    \textbf{Fix:}     & \textbf{Keep the records. Maybe the patients started medication between recruitment and screening time.} \\
    \midrule
    \textbf{Problem:} & Some records have PDSTATE=ON but PDMEDTM is after EXAMTM. \\
    \textbf{Fix:}     & \textbf{Discard the records.} \\
    \midrule
    \textbf{Problem:} & Some visits have 3 exams while a maximum of two exams per visit are expected, one in OFF state and one in ON state. \\
    \textbf{Fix:}     & Remove exam with EXAMTM=NaN and PDSTATE=NaN  when visit has 3 exams \\
    % & &
    \bottomrule
  \end{tabularx}
\end{center}

\begin{table}[tbh]
  \renewcommand\arraystretch{1.25}
  \captionsetup{skip=3pt}
  \centering
  \caption{The table}
  \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}cXX@{}}
    \toprule
    \multicolumn{1}{c}{}
    & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Type}}
    & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Problem}} \\
    \midrule[\heavyrulewidth]
    \multirow{12}*[-5\normalbaselineskip]{\rotatebox{90}{$\xmathstrut[0.35]{0}$\textbf{Inconsistency}}}
    & Some records have missing data for all UPDRS-III variables.
    & Remove these records \\ \cmidrule{2-3}
    & A few records have PDSTATE=ON and PDTRTMNT=0, which is inconsistent:
    & Set PDTRTMNT=1 for these records. It doesn't seem realistic that a plausible PDMEDTM and PDSTATE=ON have been entered by mistake while the patient was not under medication. \\ \cmidrule{2-3}
    & Some records have a non-empty PDMEDTM and have PDTRTMNT=0, which is inconsistent.
    & Set PDTRTMNT=1. It is unlikely that a plausible medication time was entered by mistake. \\ \cmidrule{2-3}
    & Some patients were on medication at screening time while PPMI patients were supposed to be unmedicated at screening time.
    & \textbf{Keep the records. Maybe the patients started medication between recruitment and screening time.} \\ \cmidrule{2-3}
    & Some records have PDSTATE=ON but PDMEDTM is after EXAMTM.
    & \textbf{Discard the records.} \\ \cmidrule{2-3}
    & Some visits have 3 exams while a maximum of two exams per visit are expected, one in OFF state and one in ON state.   
    & Remove exam with EXAMTM=NaN and PDSTATE=NaN  when visit has 3 exams \\
    % & &
    \bottomrule
  \end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}

编辑
第一个例子被改为带有的长表xltabular。目前，分页符\\*后将Problem/Fix组合在一起。如果后者不是必需的，只需\\在任何地方使用正则即可。

\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{xltabular}
\usepackage{booktabs}

\begin{document}
\appendix
\chapter{Data cleaning rules implemented in MDS UPRDS III}
\begingroup
  \renewcommand\arraystretch{1.25}
  \begin{xltabular}{\textwidth}{p{1.7cm}X}
    \toprule
    \multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Inconsistency}} \\
    \midrule[\heavyrulewidth] \endhead
    \textbf{Problem:} & Some records have missing data for all UPDRS-III variables. \\*
    \textbf{Fix:}     & Remove these records \\
    \midrule
    \textbf{Problem:} & A few records have PDSTATE=ON and PDTRTMNT=0, which is inconsistent: \\*
    \textbf{Fix:}     & Set PDTRTMNT=1 for these records. It doesn't seem realistic that a plausible PDMEDTM and PDSTATE=ON have been entered by mistake while the patient was not under medication. \\
    \midrule
    \textbf{Problem:} & Some records have a non-empty PDMEDTM and have PDTRTMNT=0, which is inconsistent. \\*
    \textbf{Fix:}     & Set PDTRTMNT=1. It is unlikely that a plausible medication time was entered by mistake. \\
    \midrule
    \textbf{Problem:} & Some patients were on medication at screening time while PPMI patients were supposed to be unmedicated at screening time. \\*
    \textbf{Fix:}     & \textbf{Keep the records. Maybe the patients started medication between recruitment and screening time.} \\
    \midrule
    \textbf{Problem:} & Some records have PDSTATE=ON but PDMEDTM is after EXAMTM. \\*
    \textbf{Fix:}     & \textbf{Discard the records.} \\
    \midrule
    \textbf{Problem:} & Some visits have 3 exams while a maximum of two exams per visit are expected, one in OFF state and one in ON state. \\*
    \textbf{Fix:}     & Remove exam with EXAMTM=NaN and PDSTATE=NaN  when visit has 3 exams \\
    \bottomrule
    % & &
  \end{xltabular}
\endgroup
\end{document}

Answer

我只关注表格，因为它是你问题的一个主题。