我正在使用 tikzpictures 和 pgfplots 创建带有解决方案的练习表。我充分利用了外部化库以加快编译时间。但是，我注意到，编辑文档中现有的 tikzpicture 对编译时间的减慢影响比简单地注释掉一个特定的 tikzpicture 要小得多。在下面的示例中（初始编译之后），更改要绘制的函数的方程式需要我的计算机 3 秒钟来编译 pdf，而注释掉整个中间 tikzpicture 会导致编译时间约为 13 秒，尽管实际上渲染的时间更少。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}
\usepgfplotslibrary{external}
\tikzexternalize[prefix=tikzcache/]
\begin{document}
Some text to pose a question.
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{tikzpicture}
\foreach \i in {1,...,2000} {
\draw[thin,rounded corners=8pt] ({\i*0.05},0) -- ({\i*0.05},2) -- ({1+\i*0.05},3.25) -- ({2+\i*0.05},2) -- ({2+\i*0.05},0) -- ({\i*0.05},2) -- ({2+\i*0.05},2) -- ({\i*0.05},0) -- ({2+\i*0.05},0);
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A time consuming tikzpicture to represent several tikz pictures.}
\end{figure}
The particular question/solution with tikzpicture editing/commenting out/deleting.
\begin{figure}[H]
% \begin{tikzpicture}
% \begin{axis}[
% axis lines = middle,
% axis on top = true,
% grid = both,
% ]
% \addplot[very thick, samples=30, smooth,domain=-5:5]{1-x}; % edit the equation for the function here
% \end{axis}
% \end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
Some more text to pose a question.
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{tikzpicture}
\foreach \i in {1,...,2000} {
\draw[thin,rounded corners=8pt] ({\i*0.05},0) -- ({\i*0.05},2) -- ({1+\i*0.05},3.25) -- ({2+\i*0.05},2) -- ({2+\i*0.05},0) -- ({\i*0.05},2) -- ({2+\i*0.05},2) -- ({\i*0.05},0) -- ({2+\i*0.05},0);
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Another time consuming tikzpicture to represent several tikz pictures.}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
我查看了外部化库的手册，怀疑它可能与不同 tikzpicture 的索引有关。删除/注释掉 tikzpicture 会导致外部化库对每个 tikzpicture 进行计数，因此删除的 tikzpicture 之后的所有 tikzpicture 都必须重新编译，即使它们没有改变。事实上，第一次编译上面没有中间 tikzpicture 的示例需要我的计算机 25 秒，大约是注释掉中间 tikzpicture 后时间的两倍。
有办法解决这个问题吗？我可以向外部化库明确说明后续的 tikzpictures 没有改变吗，例如通过tikzcache/更好地链接以前生成的文件？
答案1
正如其他人所指出的，没有内置方法可以自动执行此操作。如果将每张图片放入单独的文件中，则可以在此基础上自动为外部化的图片分配名称。或者，您可以尝试两个支持外部化的新软件包之一：memoize或robust-externalize。两者都使用哈希而不是连续 ID，因此插入或删除图片不会导致重新编译所有后续图片。此外，两者都旨在将除tikzpictures 之外的其他内容外部化。
下面是一个示例memoize。我首先编译了包含 2 张图片的版本。这产生了两个新的外部人员。然后我取消注释中间的那个。下一次编译只产生了一个新的外部。由于现在的图片三与原来的图片二完全相同，因此无需重新编译。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{memoize}
\mmzset{%
path={dir=memos},
mkdir,
}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}
\begin{document}
Some text to pose a question.
\begin{figure}% don't use H
\begin{tikzpicture}
\foreach \i in {1,...,2000} {
\draw[thin,rounded corners=8pt] ({\i*0.05},0) -- ({\i*0.05},2) -- ({1+\i*0.05},3.25) -- ({2+\i*0.05},2) -- ({2+\i*0.05},0) -- ({\i*0.05},2) -- ({2+\i*0.05},2) -- ({\i*0.05},0) -- ({2+\i*0.05},0);
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A time consuming tikzpicture to represent several tikz pictures.}
\end{figure}
The particular question/solution with tikzpicture editing/commenting out/deleting.
\begin{figure}% don't use H
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
axis lines = middle,
axis on top = true,
grid = both,
]
\addplot[very thick, samples=30, smooth,domain=-5:5]{1-x}; % edit the equation for the function here
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
Some more text to pose a question.
\begin{figure}% don't use H
\begin{tikzpicture}
\foreach \i in {1,...,2000} {
\draw[thin,rounded corners=8pt] ({\i*0.05},0) -- ({\i*0.05},2) -- ({1+\i*0.05},3.25) -- ({2+\i*0.05},2) -- ({2+\i*0.05},0) -- ({\i*0.05},2) -- ({2+\i*0.05},2) -- ({\i*0.05},0) -- ({2+\i*0.05},0);
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Another time consuming tikzpicture to represent several tikz pictures.}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
我目前无法使用memoize，因此我仍在使用external库，但我的大多数图片都在外部文件中，我使用以下包装器根据这些文件名获取外部名称。这并不能完全消除不必要的重新编译（或缺少必要的编译）的问题，但它确实有很大帮助。
% tikzlibrarycfrexternal.code.tex
\RequirePackage{svn-prov}
\ProvidesFileSVN{$Id: tikzlibrarycfrexternal.code.tex 8646 2019-10-04 16:38:17Z cfr $}
% addaswyd o ateb: http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/334290/ i gwestiwn rpapa: http://tex.stackexchange.com/q/334250/
% RHYBUDD! ref. sylwad David Carlisle https://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/42967388#42967388
% rhaid cynnwys % ar ôl \begin{document}% i osgoi space ychwanegol ***
\RequirePackage{etoolbox,currfile,xparse}
\@ifclassloaded{standalone}{\relax}{\RequirePackage{standalone}}
\usetikzlibrary{external}
\ExplSyntaxOn
\tl_new:N \g_enext_figurename_tl
\tl_new:N \l_enext_tmpa_tl
\seq_new:N \l_enext_tmpa_seq
\cs_new_protected_nopar:Nn \enext_settofilename:
{% RHYBUDD: yn fewnol % \l__file_base_name_str
% hopefully allows use of \file_input as well as \input
\seq_set_split:NnV \l_enext_tmpa_seq { / } { \g_file_curr_name_str } % \l__file_base_name_str
\seq_pop_right:NN \l_enext_tmpa_seq \l_enext_tmpa_tl
\enext_tikzsetfigurename:x { \l_enext_tmpa_tl- }
}
\cs_new_protected_nopar:Nn \enext_settofilename:n
{% RHYBUDD: \l__ior_file_name_tl yn fewnol % \l__file_base_name_str
\seq_set_split:Nnn \l_enext_tmpa_seq { / } { #1 }
\seq_pop_right:NN \l_enext_tmpa_seq \l_enext_tmpa_tl
\enext_tikzsetfigurename:x { \l_enext_tmpa_tl- }
}
\cs_new_protected_nopar:Nn \enext_tikzsetfigurename:n
{
\tikzsetfigurename { #1 }
}
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \enext_tikzsetfigurename:n { x }
\cs_new_protected_nopar:Nn \enext_tikzsetnextfilename:n
{
\tikzsetnextfilename { #1 }
}
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \enext_tikzsetnextfilename:n { V }
\cs_new_protected_nopar:Nn \enext_setfigurename:
{
\enext_settofilename:
\enext_tikzsetnextfilename:V \g_enext_figurename_tl
}
\cs_new_protected_nopar:Nn \enext_setfigurename:n
{
\enext_tikzsetfigurename:n { #1 }
\enext_tikzsetnextfilename:V \g_enext_figurename_tl
}
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \enext_setfigurename:n { x }
\msg_new:nnnn { enext } { append ~ failed }
{
\msg_warning_text:n { enext } ~ :: ~ Append ~ to ~ #1 ~ failed ~ \msg_line_context: !
}
{
This ~ is ~ probably ~ not ~ your ~ fault ~ unless ~ you ~ redefined ~ the ~ modified ~ functions. ~
Either ~ fix ~ the ~ code ~ yourself ~ or ~ ask ~ for ~ help. ~
Apologies ~ for ~ any ~ inconvenience. ~
All ~ code ~ provided ~ as-is ~ for ~ use ~ at ~ your ~ own ~ risk! ~
As ~ a ~ goodwill ~ gesture, ~ a ~ full ~ refund ~ will ~ be ~ provided ~ on ~ request, ~ less ~ a ~ small ~ fee ~ to ~ cover ~ administration.
}
\msg_new:nnn { enext } { append ~ succeeded }
{
\msg_warning_text:n { enext } ~ :: ~ Modified ~ #1 ~ \msg_line_context: !
}
\NewDocumentCommand \extinput { m }
{
\group_begin:
\enext_settofilename:n { #1 }% hopefully allows use of \file_input rather than \input
\file_input:n { #1 }
\group_end:
}
\apptocmd \sa@document
{% ddim yn gywir o gwbl
\tl_if_empty:NTF \g_file_curr_name_str% \l__file_base_name_str
{
\enext_setfigurename:x { \currfilebase- }
}
{
\enext_setfigurename:
}
}{
\msg_warning:nnn { enext } { append ~ succeeded } { document ~ environment }
}{
\msg_warning:nnn { enext } { append ~ failed } { document ~ environment }
}
\apptocmd \tikzsetnextfilename
{
\tl_gset:Nn \g_enext_figurename_tl { #1 }
}{
\msg_warning:nnn { enext } { append ~ succeeded } { \tikzsetnextfilename }
}{
\msg_warning:nnn { enext } { append ~ failed } { \tikzsetnextfilename }
}
\apptocmd \tikzexternal@getnextfilename@resetglobals
{
\tl_gclear:N \g_enext_figurename_tl
}{
\msg_warning:nnn { enext } { append ~ succeeded } { \tikzexternal@getnextfilename@resetglobals }
}{
\msg_warning:nnn { enext } { append ~ failed } { \tikzexternal@getnextfilename@resetglobals }
}
\ExplSyntaxOff
\endinput
加载cfrexternal并继续执行external。请注意，虽然这对我来说效果很好，但它远非稳健，并且按原样提供，使用风险自负。它甚至无法避免无人维护的库的问题external，因为它所做的只是加载它并增加大量额外的脆弱性。
买者自负 ...
答案2
在仔细查看了外部化库的文档之后，确实有一种（手动）方法可以将 tikzpictures 与其外部化输出更紧密地联系起来，即tikzsetnextfilename如上所述这里。然后改变顺序或删除一个 tikzpicture 对其他（已生成的）tikzpicture 的识别和总编译时间没有影响。据我在手册中所知，没有自动（不依赖于 tikzpictures 的先前顺序）的方法可以做到这一点。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}
\usepgfplotslibrary{external}
\tikzexternalize[prefix=tikzcache/]
\begin{document}
Some text to pose a question.
\begin{figure}[H]
\tikzsetnextfilename{image1} % adding ID myself
\begin{tikzpicture}
\foreach \i in {1,...,1000} {
\draw[thin,rounded corners=8pt] ({\i*0.05},0) -- ({\i*0.05},2) -- ({1+\i*0.05},3.25) -- ({2+\i*0.05},2) -- ({2+\i*0.05},0) -- ({\i*0.05},2) -- ({2+\i*0.05},2) -- ({\i*0.05},0) -- ({2+\i*0.05},0);
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A time consuming tikzpicture to represent several tikz pictures.}
\end{figure}
The particular question/solution with tikzpicture editing/commenting out/deleting.
\begin{figure}[H]
% \tikzsetnextfilename{image2} % adding ID myself
% \begin{tikzpicture}
% \begin{axis}[
% axis lines = middle,
% axis on top = true,
% grid = both,
% ]
% \addplot[very thick, samples=30, smooth,domain=-5:5]{1-x}; % edit the equation for the function here
% \end{axis}
% \end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
Some more text to pose a question.
\begin{figure}[H]
\tikzsetnextfilename{image3} % adding ID myself
\begin{tikzpicture}
\foreach \i in {1,...,1000} {
\draw[thin,rounded corners=8pt] ({\i*0.05},0) -- ({\i*0.05},2) -- ({1+\i*0.05},3.25) -- ({2+\i*0.05},2) -- ({2+\i*0.05},0) -- ({\i*0.05},2) -- ({2+\i*0.05},2) -- ({\i*0.05},0) -- ({2+\i*0.05},0);
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Another time consuming tikzpicture to represent several tikz pictures.}
\end{figure}
\end{document}