我如何纠正箭头的对齐和方向？

Question

\documentclass[12pt,a4,twoside]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.misc,shapes.geometric,arrows.meta,positioning,shadows.blur,chains,scopes,quotes}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}
 [
 ->,
    >=Stealth,
    shorten >=1pt,
    shorten <=1pt,
    thick,
    main node/.style={fill=white, draw, font=\sffamily\scriptsize\bfseries, blur shadow, align=center},
    hex/.style={main node, rectangle},
    ell/.style={main node, ellipse},
    blur shadow={shadow opacity=25},
  ]
  %Nodes
   \node [ell] (maintopic)  {Low Water Charges};
   \node [ell] (wp) [left=of maintopic] {Water Pricing Policy};
   \node [ell] (ec) [right=of maintopic] {\parbox[t][][t]{2.8cm}{{Environmental Consequences like Groundwater Depletion}}};
   \node [hex] (lc) [below=of maintopic] {Low \textendash Cost Recovery};
   \node [hex] (lw) [below=of wp] at (-3.5,-2.5) {\parbox[t][][t]{2.4cm}{{Low Willingness to Pay}}};
   \node [hex] (if) [below=of ec] at (4.5,-2.5) {\parbox[t][][t]{2.4cm}{{Inability to Fund adequately O \& M}}};
   \node [hex] (fd) [below=of lw] at (-3,-4.5) {Farmer Dissatisfaction};
    \node [hex] (p) [below=of if] at (4,-4.5){Poor O \& M};
    \node [hex] (pis) [below=of lc] at (0.1,-6.4) {Poor Irrigation Service};
    \node [ell] (la) [below=of wp] at (-7,-2.5) {\parbox[t][][t]{2.4cm}{{Low ability to Pay}}};
    \node [ell] (li) [below=of la] at (-6.5,-3.8) {Low Incomes};
    \node [ell] (ly) [below=of li] at (-5,-5.5) {Low Yields};
    \node [ell] (iae) [below=of ly] {\parbox[t][][t]{2.4cm}{{Inadequate Agricultural Extension}}};
    \node [ell] (ic) [below=of pis] {Institutional Constraints};
    \node [ell] (dpi) [right=of lc] at (3.8,-5) {\parbox[t][][t]{2.4cm}{{Decline in Public Investment}}};
    \node [ell] (ld) [above=of dpi] at (8,-4.5) {\parbox[t][][t]{2.4cm}{{Low / Declining Priority in Planned Funds for Irrigation}}};
    \node [hex] (ps) [right=of pis] at (0.9,-6.8) {\parbox[t][][t]{3cm}{{Poor Irrigation Systems}}};
   %Lines
   \draw[<-] (wp) -- (maintopic);
   \draw[->] (maintopic) -- (ec);
   \draw[->] (maintopic) -- (lc);
   \draw[-] (lc.west) ..  controls +(left:10mm) and +(up:15mm)
    .. (lw.north);
    \draw[-] (lc.east) .. controls +(right:7mm) and + (up:20mm) .. (if.north);
    \draw[-] (lw.south) ..  controls +(down:5mm) and +(left:5mm) .. (fd.north);
    \draw[-] (if.south) ..  controls +(down:5mm) and +(right:5mm) .. (p.north);
    \draw[-] (fd.south) .. controls +(down:5mm) and +(left:5mm) .. (pis.west);
    \draw[-] (p.south) .. controls +(down:5mm) and +(right:1mm) .. (ps.north);
    \draw[-] (ps.west) .. controls +(down:5mm) and +(right:5mm) .. (pis.east);
    \draw [-] (lc.west) .. controls +(left:20mm) and + (up:2mm) .. (la.north);
    \draw[-] (la.south) ..  controls +(down:5mm) and +(left:5mm) .. (li.north);
    \draw[-] (li.south) ..  controls +(down:5mm) and +(left:5mm) .. (ly.north);
    \draw[-] (ly.south) ..  controls +(down:5mm) and +(left:5mm) .. (pis.west);
    \draw[-] (lc.east) .. controls +(right:15mm) and + (up:15mm) .. (dpi.north);

    \draw[-> ,line width=0.8mm] (lc.southwest) .. controls +(right:10mm) and + (up:22mm) .. (dpi.north);
    \draw[-] (dpi.south) ..  controls +(down:5mm) and +(right:5mm) .. (ps.east);
    \draw[-] (ps.south) .. controls +(down:5mm) and +(right:5mm) .. (pis.east);
    \draw[->] (ic) -- (pis);
    \draw[->] (iae) -- (ly);
    \draw[->] (ld) -- (dpi); 
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

我该如何纠正箭头的对齐？

Answer 1

正如我在评论中提到的那样，您的图像应该是什么样的并不完全清楚：

• 除了输入错误southwest->south west
• 您的图形太宽了，无法放入文本块中！它突出了页面边框（请参见代码图片，我只补充一点，showframe您可以看到页面布局）

（红线表示您的文档页面布局）

• 您设想如何将其放在页面上？旋转图形是可接受的解决方案吗？

上图的 MWE 为：

\documentclass[12pt,a4,twoside]{article}
%---------------- show page layout. don't use in a real document!
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand\ShowFrameLinethickness{0.15pt}
\renewcommand*\ShowFrameColor{\color{red}}
%---------------------------------------------------------------%

\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                chains,
                positioning,
                quotes,
                scopes, shadows.blur, shapes.geometric, shapes.misc}
\usepackage{copyrightbox}

\begin{document}
    \begin{sidewaysfigure}[hp]
    \centering
\copyrightbox[b]{
\noindent\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 5mm and 4mm,
  start chain = H going right,
   arr/.style = {-Straight Barb, semithick},
  base/.style = {draw, thick, font=\footnotesize\sffamily\bfseries,
                 fill=white, minimum height=3ex,
                 text width=7.5em, align=flush center,
                 outer sep=1mm, blur shadow={shadow opacity=30}},
     E/.style = {ellipse, base,  text width=6em, inner xsep=-3pt},
     N/.style = {rectangle, base},
                        ]
%Nodes
    \begin{scope}[nodes={on chain=H}]
\node (n11) [E]  {Water Pricing Policy};
\node (n12) [E]  {Low Water Charges};
\node (n13) [E,text width=10em]
                {Environmental Consequences like Groundwater Depletion};
    \draw[arr]  (n12) -- (n11);
    \draw[arr]  (n12) -- (n13);
   \end{scope}
\node (n2)  [N, below=of n12] {Low -- Cost Recovery};
    \draw[arr]  (n12) -- (n2);
%
\node (n311) [N, below left=of n2.south]    {Low Willingness to Pay};
\node (n312) [N, below=of n311]             {Farmer Dissatisfaction};
    \draw[arr]  (n2.west) to[bend right] (n311.north);
    \draw[arr]  (n311) -- (n312);
%
\node (n321) [E, left =of n311]     {Low ability to Pay};
\node (n322) [E, below=of n321]     {Low Incomes};
\node (n323) [E, below=of n322]     {Low Yields};
    \draw[arr]  (n2.west) to[bend right] (n321.north);
    \draw[arr]  (n321) -- (n322);
    \draw[arr]  (n322) -- (n323);
%
\node (n4) [N, below=of n323.south -| n2]  {Poor Irrigation Service};
    \draw[arr]  (n312)  to[bend right]       ([yshift= 1mm] n4.west);
    \draw[arr]  ([xshift=1mm] n323.south)
                        to[bend right] ([yshift=-1mm] n4.west);
%
\node (n331) [N, below right=of n2.south]
                                {Inability to Fund adequately O \& M};
\node (n332) [N, below=of n331] {Poor \& Ms};
\node (n333) [N, below=of n332] {Poor Irigation System};
    \draw[arr]  (n2.east) to[bend left] (n331.north);
    \draw[arr]  (n331) -- (n332);
    \draw[arr]  (n332) -- (n333);
    \draw[arr]  (n333) to[bend left] ([yshift= 1mm] n4.east);
%
\node (n34) [E, right =of n332]   {Decline in Public Investment};
    \draw[arr]  (n2.east) to[bend left] (n34);
    \draw[arr]  (n34)     to[bend left] ([yshift=-1mm] n4.east);
%
\node (n51) [E, below=of n323 |- n4.south,
             text width=8em]
                                {Inadequate Agricultural Extension};
\node (n52) [E, below=of n4]    {Institutional Constraints};
    \draw[arr]  (n51) -- (n323);
    \draw[arr]  (n52) -- (n4);
%
\node (n6)  [E,above right=of n34.north,
             text width=9em]
             {Low/Declining Priority in Planned Funds for Irrigation};
    \draw[arr]  (n6) -- (n34);
\end{tikzpicture}
}{Source: World Bank, 1999}
\caption{Caption text}
    \end{sidewaysfigure}
\end{document}

Answer 2

更正southwest为south west：

我的问题是正确的对齐方式是什么？你想要怎样的对齐方式？

通过将每个替换south west为east，我得到：