我需要生成一个由 3 个连续的 tikz 图片组成的图形，中间有垂直间距。我尝试了以下代码：
\begin{figure}[h]
\caption{Cross-Validation with Three-Segmented Training Dataset}
\vspace{0.5 cm}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[text width=3cm] (Iteration 1)
{Iteration 1};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm,
fill = green!30!, right = 0.5cm of Iteration 1, rectangle] (Segment 1) {Training};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm, fill = green!30!, rectangle, right = 0.1cm of Segment 1] (Segment 2) {Training};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm, fill = red!30!, rectangle, right = 0.1cm of Segment 2] (Segment 3) {Testing};
\end{tikzpicture}
\vspace{0.25 cm}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[text width=3cm] (Iteration 2)
{Iteration 2};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm,
fill = red!30!, right = 0.5cm of Iteration 2, rectangle] (Segment 1) {Testing};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm, fill = green!30!, rectangle, right = 0.1cm of Segment 1] (Segment 2) {Training};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm, fill = green!30!, rectangle, right = 0.1cm of Segment 2] (Segment 3) {Training};
\end{tikzpicture}
\vspace{0.25 cm}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[text width=3cm] (Iteration 3)
{Iteration 3};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm,
fill = green!30!, right = 0.5cm of Iteration 3, rectangle] (Segment 1) {Training};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm, fill = red!30!, rectangle, right = 0.1cm of Segment 1] (Segment 2) {Testing};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm, fill = green!30!, rectangle, right = 0.1cm of Segment 2] (Segment 3) {Training};
\end{tikzpicture}
\centering
\end{figure}
但
不正确。为什么 \vspace{0.25cm} 命令在第一和第二张 tikz 图片（分别是迭代 1 和迭代 2）之间无法正常工作？请提供最简单/最易行的解决方案。提前谢谢您。
答案1
tikzpicture 的位置像字母一样，你有
a \vspace{0.25cm} b\vspace{0.25cm} c\vspace{0.25cm} d\vspace{0.25cm} e
在这样的行中，a b c d e内容会像平常一样排版，并且可能会被分成多行，然后在分行之后，它们\vspace会被添加到它们“自然”落下的行之后。
这就是为什么你所有的 vspace 都在同一位置。你想在每一对之后有一个段落分隔符
a b
\vspace{0.25cm}
c d
\vspace{0.25cm}
e f
在垂直模式下使用几乎总是最好的\vspace，所以在空白行之后。在水平模式下使用时的行为是可以预测的，但通常不是理想的。
答案2
请提供最简单的解决方案。
我发现以下两个解决方案比您尝试做的更简单。
在这两种情况下，整个图表实际上只是一张 TikZ 图片，因此我们可以使用 TikZ 来控制所有物体之间的距离。
第一个使用matrix of nodes来自matrix库的，第二个使用chains库的。
我还使用该caption包来指定浮点数的标题和内容之间的距离以及它的位置（以便将距离插入到正确的位置）。
根据您的文档类别，可能存在更好的解决方案，因为它们对浮动和标题管理有自己的控制。
代码
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{chains, matrix}
\usepackage[skip=.25cm, figureposition=above]{caption}
\tikzset{every matrix/.append style={% no padding around matrices
every outer matrix/.append style={inner sep=+0pt, outer sep=auto}}}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\caption{Cross-Validation with Three-Segmented Training Dataset}
\centering
\tikz
\matrix[
matrix of nodes,
row sep = .25cm,
column sep = .50cm,
nodes={
draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm,
},
column 1/.style={
nodes = path only, % disables any drawing, filling etc
text width = 3cm,
},
tr/.style={fill=green!30},
te/.style={fill=red!30},
]{
Iteration 1 & |[tr]| Training & |[tr]| Training & |[te]| Testing \\
Iteration 2 & |[te]| Testing & |[tr]| Training & |[tr]| Training \\
Iteration 3 & |[tr]| Training & |[te]| Testing & |[tr]| Training \\
};
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\caption{Cross-Validation with Three-Segmented Training Dataset}
\centering
\tikz[
node distance = .25cm and .50cm,
start chain = rows going below,
minimum height = 1cm, % valid for all nodes
iter node/.style={
path only,
text width = 3cm,
},
ing node/.style={
draw,
minimum width = 2cm
},
tr/.style={ing node, fill=green!30, node contents=Training},
te/.style={ing node, fill= red!30, node contents= Testing},
] \foreach[count=\i] \List in {{tr, tr, te},
{te, tr, tr},
{tr, te, tr}}
\node[on chain=rows, iter node] {Iteration \i}
[start branch=\i- going base right]
node foreach \st in \List [on chain=rows/\i-, \st]{};
\end{figure}
\end{document}
答案3
这用于\lineskip添加 tikzpictures 之间的间距。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h]
\setlength{\lineskip}{0.25cm}%
\caption{Cross-Validation with Three-Segmented Training Dataset}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[text width=3cm] (Iteration 1)
{Iteration 1};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm,
fill = green!30!, right = 0.5cm, rectangle] (Segment 1) at(Iteration 1.east) {Training};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm, fill = green!30!, rectangle, right = 0.1cm] (Segment 2) at (Segment 1.east) {Training};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm, fill = red!30!, rectangle, right = 0.1cm] (Segment 3) at (Segment 2.east) {Testing};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[text width=3cm] (Iteration 2)
{Iteration 2};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm,
fill = red!30!, right = 0.5cm, rectangle] (Segment 1) at(Iteration 2.east) {Testing};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm, fill = green!30!, rectangle, right = 0.1cm] (Segment 2) at(Segment 1.east){Training};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm, fill = green!30!, rectangle, right = 0.1cm] (Segment 3) at(Segment 2.east) {Training};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[text width=3cm] (Iteration 3)
{Iteration 3};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm,
fill = green!30!, right = 0.5cm, rectangle] (Segment 1) at(Iteration 3.east) {Training};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm, fill = red!30!, rectangle, right = 0.1cm] (Segment 2) at(Segment 1.east) {Testing};
\node [draw,
minimum width = 2cm,
minimum height = 1cm, fill = green!30!, rectangle, right = 0.1cm] (Segment 3) at(Segment 2.east){Training};
\end{tikzpicture}
\centering
\end{figure}
\end{document}
答案4
\centering最后使用肯定不是最好的主意。
您需要三个段落，并将行间距设置为等于矩形之间的距离，即 0.1 厘米。
您还希望避免重复任务并定义样式。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usepackage{caption}
\captionsetup[figure]{position=top}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\caption{Cross-Validation with Three-Segmented Training Dataset}
\setlength{\lineskip}{0.1cm}
\tikzset{
segmented/.style={draw,minimum width=2cm,minimum height=1cm,rectangle},
G/.style={fill=green!30},
R/.style={fill=red!30},
}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[text width=3cm] (Iteration 1) {Iteration 1};
\node[segmented,G,right = 0.5cm of Iteration 1] (Segment 1) {Training};
\node[segmented,G,right = 0.1cm of Segment 1] (Segment 2) {Training};
\node[segmented,R,right = 0.1cm of Segment 2] (Segment 3) {Testing};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[text width=3cm] (Iteration 2) {Iteration 2};
\node[segmented,R,right = 0.5cm of Iteration 2] (Segment 1) {Testing};
\node[segmented,G,right = 0.1cm of Segment 1] (Segment 2) {Training};
\node[segmented,G,right = 0.1cm of Segment 2] (Segment 3) {Training};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[text width=3cm] (Iteration 3) {Iteration 3};
\node[segmented,G,right = 0.5cm of Iteration 3] (Segment 1) {Training};
\node[segmented,R,right = 0.1cm of Segment 1] (Segment 2) {Testing};
\node[segmented,G,right = 0.1cm of Segment 2] (Segment 3) {Training};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
我没有设置左侧部分的宽度，而是设置了inner sep=0pt。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usepackage{caption}
\captionsetup[figure]{position=top}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\caption{Cross-Validation with Three-Segmented Training Dataset}
\setlength{\lineskip}{0.1cm}
\tikzset{
segmented/.style={draw,minimum width=2cm,minimum height=1cm,rectangle},
G/.style={fill=green!30},
R/.style={fill=red!30},
}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[inner sep=0pt] (Iteration 1) {Iteration 1};
\node[segmented,G,right = 0.5cm of Iteration 1] (Segment 1) {Training};
\node[segmented,G,right = 0.1cm of Segment 1] (Segment 2) {Training};
\node[segmented,R,right = 0.1cm of Segment 2] (Segment 3) {Testing};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[inner sep=0pt] (Iteration 2) {Iteration 2};
\node[segmented,R,right = 0.5cm of Iteration 2] (Segment 1) {Testing};
\node[segmented,G,right = 0.1cm of Segment 1] (Segment 2) {Training};
\node[segmented,G,right = 0.1cm of Segment 2] (Segment 3) {Training};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[inner sep=0pt] (Iteration 3) {Iteration 3};
\node[segmented,G,right = 0.5cm of Iteration 3] (Segment 1) {Training};
\node[segmented,R,right = 0.1cm of Segment 1] (Segment 2) {Testing};
\node[segmented,G,right = 0.1cm of Segment 2] (Segment 3) {Training};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
