使用 Latex 创建表格，使单元格不在不同行之间对齐

Question

如何在 Latex 中创建一个表格，使得最后一行的单元格不与前一行的单元格对齐？

该表应如下所示：

Answer 1

我认为 8 个可见数据列应具有相同的宽度，并且最后一行的列分隔线应位于前几行列分隔线的中间。如果是这样，以下解决方案可能会引起您的兴趣。

\documentclass{article} 
\usepackage{array}    % for 'w' column type and '\extrarowheight' macro
\usepackage{amsmath}  % for '\dfrac' macro
\usepackage{calc}     % help perform calculations on the fly
\newlength\mylen
\setlength\mylen{\tabcolsep} % or some other length
\renewcommand\sb[1]{\textsubscript{#1}} % handy shortcut macro
\newcommand\mc[1]{% handy shortcut macro 
     \multicolumn{2}{wc{2\mylen+2\tabcolsep}|}{#1}} 

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[ht]
\setlength{\extrarowheight}{2pt} % for a more open "look"

\begin{tabular}{| l | *{16}{wc{\mylen}} | }
   % 8 or 7 visible data columns, but 16 underlying, "structural" columns
\hline
Notes & \mc{C\sb{4}} & \mc{D\sb{4}} & \mc{E\sb{4}} & \mc{F\sb{4}} 
      & \mc{G\sb{4}} & \mc{A\sb{4}} & \mc{B\sb{4}} & \mc{C\sb{5}} \\
\hline 
Frequency based on C\sb{4} &
   \mc{1} & \mc{$\dfrac{9^{\mathstrut}}{8_{\mathstrut}}$} & 
   \mc{$\dfrac{5}{4}$} & \mc{} & \mc{} & \mc{} & \mc{} & \mc{2} \\
\hline
Number of cents above C\sb{4} &
   \mc{0} & \mc{204} & \mc{386} & \mc{} & 
   \mc{}  & \mc{}    & \mc{} & \mc{1200} \\
\hline
Intervals between  &
   \multicolumn{3}{wc{3\mylen+4\tabcolsep+1\arrayrulewidth}|}{204} &
   \mc{182} & \mc{112} & \mc{204} &
   \mc{182} & \mc{204} &
   \multicolumn{3}{c|}{112} \\
adjacent notes, in cents &
   \multicolumn{3}{c|}{M} &
   \mc{m} & \mc{s} & \mc{M} & \mc{m} & \mc{M} & 
   \multicolumn{3}{c|}{s} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\end{table}


\end{document}

Answer 2

只需拥有足够的列来捕获所有单元格边界，然后根据需要跨越：

\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}

\newcommand\mm[1]{\multicolumn{2}{c|}{#1}}
\begin{tabular}{l|*{8}{c}}
  aaaa & \mm{1} & \mm{2} & \mm{3}  & \mm{4} \\
  \hline
  bbbb & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{xxx} &\mm{yyy} &  \multicolumn{3}{c|}{zzz}
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

这是使用的c，所以列宽取决于内容，如果您想要固定宽度，您可以使用p{..}或（数组包）wc{..}

Answer 3

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{makecell}

\begin{document}

\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\renewcommand{\v}{\hfill\vline\hfill}
\begin{tabular}{|l|*{8}{w{c}{1cm}|}}
\hline
Notes & C$_4$ & D$_4$ & E$_4$ & F$_4$ & G$_4$ & A$_4$ & B$_4$ & C$_5$ \\
\hline
Frequency based on C$_4$& $1$ & $\frac{9}{8}$ & $\frac{5}{4}$ & $\frac{4}{3}$ & $\frac{3}{2}$ &
$\frac{5}{3}$ & $\frac{15}{8}$ & $2$ \\
\hline
Number of cents above C$_4$& 0 & 204 & 386 & 498 & 702 & 884 & 1088 & 1200 \\
\hline
\makecell[l]{Intervals between\\ adjacent notes in cents}& 
\multicolumn{8}{c|}{ \hspace*{6mm}%
                     \makecell{204\\M}\v \makecell{182\\m}\v 
                     \makecell{112\\s}\v \makecell{204\\M}\v
                     \makecell{182\\m}\v \makecell{204\\M}\v 
                     \makecell{112\\s}\hspace*{6mm}%
                   } \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\end{document}