在考试中将图形嵌入文本旁边的棘手问题（可能使用 paracol）

Question

我需要创建一个结构复杂的考试（使用部分、子部分，有时甚至使用子子部分）。同时，我只有有限的页数可用，因此需要将图形放在文本旁边以减少空白。

效果很好的方法是使用 paracol 将单个项目（部分、子部分或子子部分）放在图形旁边。但有时单个项目的垂直空间比图形小得多。所以我需要将多个项目（可能属于不同类型的项目）放在一列中，将图形放在另一列中。

我认为，我已经找到了一种方法来暂停 paracol 环境末尾的任何类型的列表，然后按照以下说明使用正确的编号恢复它如何恢复考试文件类别中的部分编号？

但现在我的问题是，左列中的文本实际上并没有停留在左列中，而是溢出到右列并与那里的图形重叠。只有 paracol 环境中的第一个项目实际上遵循列宽。这是一个示例（不是最小的，但演示了嵌套项目结构的类型，问题已经发生在第一个子部分中）：

\documentclass[a4paper,
draft,
12pt]{exam}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[pangram]{blindtext}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{paracol}

\pointformat{/\thepoints}
\addpoints
\pointsdroppedatright 



%%%Exercises numbering%%%
%%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/682327/exam-class-define-questionlabel-and-partlabel-conditionally/682446#682446 %%%
\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\thequestion}{\arabic{question}\@ifundefined{r@part@\arabic{question}@1}{\phantom{.0}}{.0}}
\renewcommand{\thepartno}{\arabic{question}.\arabic{partno}\@ifundefined{r@subpart@\arabic{question}@\arabic{partno}@1}{\phantom{.0}}{.0}}
\renewcommand{\thesubpart}{\arabic{question}.\arabic{partno}.\arabic{subpart}\@ifundefined{r@subsubpart@\arabic{question}@\arabic{partno}@\arabic{subpart}@1}{\phantom{.0}}{.0}}
\renewcommand{\thesubsubpart}{\arabic{question}.\arabic{partno}.\arabic{subpart}.\arabic{subsubpart}}
\renewcommand{\questionlabel}{\thequestion\hfill}
\renewcommand{\partlabel}{\hbox to \labelwidth{\thepartno\hfill}}
\renewcommand{\subpartlabel}{\hbox to \labelwidth{\thesubpart\hfill}}
\renewcommand{\subsubpartlabel}{\hbox to \labelwidth{\thesubsubpart\hfill}}
\renewcommand{\questionshook}{
    \setlength{\leftmargin}{3em}
    \labelwidth\leftmargin\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
    \setlength{\linewidth}{\textwidth}
}
\renewcommand{\partshook}{
    \setlength{\@totalleftmargin}{0pt}
    \setlength{\leftmargin}{3em}
    \labelwidth\leftmargin\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
    \setlength{\linewidth}{\textwidth}
}
\renewcommand{\subpartshook}{
    \setlength{\@totalleftmargin}{0pt}
    \setlength{\leftmargin}{3em}
    \labelwidth\leftmargin\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
    \setlength{\linewidth}{\textwidth}
}
\renewcommand{\subsubpartshook}{
    \setlength{\@totalleftmargin}{0pt}
    \setlength{\leftmargin}{3em}
    \labelwidth\leftmargin\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
    \setlength{\linewidth}{\textwidth}
}
\makeatother

\newcounter{partscounter}
\newcounter{subpartscounter}
\newcounter{subsubpartscounter}

\begin{document}
    \begin{questions}
        \columnratio{0.6,0.4}
        \begin{paracol}{2}
            \begin{leftcolumn}
                \question \Blindtext[1][3]
                \begin{parts}
                    \part \Blindtext[1][3]
                    \begin{subparts}
                        \subpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                        
                        \droppoints
                        
                        \subpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                        \setcounter{subpartscounter}{\value{subpart}}
                    \end{subparts}
                    \setcounter{partscounter}{\value{partno}}
                \end{parts}
            \end{leftcolumn}
            \begin{rightcolumn}
                \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{graphic.png}
            \end{rightcolumn}
        \end{paracol}
        \begin{subparts}
            \setcounter{subpart}{\value{subpartscounter}}
            \subpart \Blindtext[1][3]
            \begin{subsubparts}
                \subsubpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                
                \subsubpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                
                \subsubpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
            \end{subsubparts}
        \end{subparts}
        \begin{parts}
            \setcounter{partno}{\value{partscounter}}
            \part[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
        \end{parts}
    \end{questions}
\end{document}

它看起来是这样的：

以下是左栏中带有小页面的变体：

\documentclass[a4paper,
draft,
12pt]{exam}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[pangram]{blindtext}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{paracol}

\pointformat{/\thepoints}
\addpoints
\pointsdroppedatright 



%%%Exercises numbering%%%
%%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/682327/exam-class-define-questionlabel-and-partlabel-conditionally/682446#682446 %%%
\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\thequestion}{\arabic{question}\@ifundefined{r@part@\arabic{question}@1}{\phantom{.0}}{.0}}
\renewcommand{\thepartno}{\arabic{question}.\arabic{partno}\@ifundefined{r@subpart@\arabic{question}@\arabic{partno}@1}{\phantom{.0}}{.0}}
\renewcommand{\thesubpart}{\arabic{question}.\arabic{partno}.\arabic{subpart}\@ifundefined{r@subsubpart@\arabic{question}@\arabic{partno}@\arabic{subpart}@1}{\phantom{.0}}{.0}}
\renewcommand{\thesubsubpart}{\arabic{question}.\arabic{partno}.\arabic{subpart}.\arabic{subsubpart}}
\renewcommand{\questionlabel}{\thequestion\hfill}
\renewcommand{\partlabel}{\hbox to \labelwidth{\thepartno\hfill}}
\renewcommand{\subpartlabel}{\hbox to \labelwidth{\thesubpart\hfill}}
\renewcommand{\subsubpartlabel}{\hbox to \labelwidth{\thesubsubpart\hfill}}
\renewcommand{\questionshook}{
    \setlength{\leftmargin}{3em}
    \labelwidth\leftmargin\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
    \setlength{\linewidth}{\textwidth}
}
\renewcommand{\partshook}{
    \setlength{\@totalleftmargin}{0pt}
    \setlength{\leftmargin}{3em}
    \labelwidth\leftmargin\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
    \setlength{\linewidth}{\textwidth}
}
\renewcommand{\subpartshook}{
    \setlength{\@totalleftmargin}{0pt}
    \setlength{\leftmargin}{3em}
    \labelwidth\leftmargin\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
    \setlength{\linewidth}{\textwidth}
}
\renewcommand{\subsubpartshook}{
    \setlength{\@totalleftmargin}{0pt}
    \setlength{\leftmargin}{3em}
    \labelwidth\leftmargin\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
    \setlength{\linewidth}{\textwidth}
}
\makeatother

\newcounter{partscounter}
\newcounter{subpartscounter}
\newcounter{subsubpartscounter}

\begin{document}
    \begin{questions}
        \columnratio{0.6,0.4}
        \begin{paracol}{2}
            \begin{leftcolumn}
            \begin{minipage}[c]{\linewidth}
                \question \Blindtext[1][3]
                \begin{parts}
                    \part \Blindtext[1][3]
                    \begin{subparts}
                        \subpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                        
                        \droppoints
                        
                        \subpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                        \setcounter{subpartscounter}{\value{subpart}}
                    \end{subparts}
                    \setcounter{partscounter}{\value{partno}}
                \end{parts}
            \end{minipage}
            \end{leftcolumn}
            \begin{rightcolumn}
                \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{graphic.png}
            \end{rightcolumn}
        \end{paracol}
        \begin{subparts}
            \setcounter{subpart}{\value{subpartscounter}}
            \subpart \Blindtext[1][3]
            \begin{subsubparts}
                \subsubpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                
                \subsubpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                
                \subsubpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
            \end{subsubparts}
        \end{subparts}
        \begin{parts}
            \setcounter{partno}{\value{partscounter}}
            \part[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
        \end{parts}
    \end{questions}
\end{document}

它看起来是这样的：

Answer 1

首先，3em 不够宽，特别是因为它包含了\labelsep。其次，您应该设置\linewidth为\columnwidth，而不是\textwidth。最后，窄列使用\sloppy比\fussy（默认）更适合连字符。

\documentclass[a4paper,
draft,
12pt]{exam}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[pangram]{blindtext}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{paracol}

\pointformat{/\thepoints}
\addpoints
\pointsdroppedatright 



%%%Exercises numbering%%%
%%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/682327/exam-class-define-questionlabel-and-partlabel-conditionally/682446#682446 %%%
\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\thequestion}{\arabic{question}\@ifundefined{r@part@\arabic{question}@1}{\phantom{.0}}{.0}}
\renewcommand{\thepartno}{\arabic{question}.\arabic{partno}\@ifundefined{r@subpart@\arabic{question}@\arabic{partno}@1}{\phantom{.0}}{.0}}
\renewcommand{\thesubpart}{\arabic{question}.\arabic{partno}.\arabic{subpart}\@ifundefined{r@subsubpart@\arabic{question}@\arabic{partno}@\arabic{subpart}@1}{\phantom{.0}}{.0}}
\renewcommand{\thesubsubpart}{\arabic{question}.\arabic{partno}.\arabic{subpart}.\arabic{subsubpart}}
\renewcommand{\questionlabel}{\thequestion\hfill}
\renewcommand{\partlabel}{\hbox to \labelwidth{\thepartno\hfill}}
\renewcommand{\subpartlabel}{\hbox to \labelwidth{\thesubpart\hfill}}
\renewcommand{\subsubpartlabel}{\hbox to \labelwidth{\thesubsubpart\hfill}}
\renewcommand{\questionshook}{%
    \setlength{\leftmargin}{4em}%
    \labelwidth\leftmargin\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
    \setlength{\linewidth}{\columnwidth}%
}
\renewcommand{\partshook}{%
    \setlength{\@totalleftmargin}{0pt}%
    \setlength{\leftmargin}{4em}%
    \labelwidth\leftmargin\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
    \setlength{\linewidth}{\columnwidth}%
}
\renewcommand{\subpartshook}{%
    \setlength{\@totalleftmargin}{0pt}%
    \setlength{\leftmargin}{4em}%
    \labelwidth\leftmargin\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
    \setlength{\linewidth}{\columnwidth}%
}
\renewcommand{\subsubpartshook}{%
    \setlength{\@totalleftmargin}{0pt}%
    \setlength{\leftmargin}{4em}%
    \labelwidth\leftmargin\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
    \setlength{\linewidth}{\columnwidth}%
}
\makeatother

\newcounter{partscounter}
\newcounter{subpartscounter}
\newcounter{subsubpartscounter}

\begin{document}
    \begin{questions}
        \columnratio{0.6,0.4}
        \begin{paracol}{2}\sloppy
            \begin{leftcolumn}
                \question \Blindtext[1][3]
                \begin{parts}
                    \part \Blindtext[1][3]
                    \begin{subparts}
                        \subpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                        
                        \droppoints
                        
                        \subpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                        \setcounter{subpartscounter}{\value{subpart}}
                    \end{subparts}
                    \setcounter{partscounter}{\value{partno}}
                \end{parts}
            \end{leftcolumn}
            \begin{rightcolumn}
                \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{graphic.png}
            \end{rightcolumn}
        \end{paracol}
        
        \begin{subparts}
            \setcounter{subpart}{\value{subpartscounter}}
            \subpart \Blindtext[1][3]
            \begin{subsubparts}
                \subsubpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                
                \subsubpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                
                \subsubpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
            \end{subsubparts}
        \end{subparts}
        \begin{parts}
            \setcounter{partno}{\value{partscounter}}
            \part[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
        \end{parts}
    \end{questions}
\end{document}

---

此版本使用所需的最小宽度（假设问题数量可以超过 9，但不超过 20_。

\documentclass[a4paper,
draft,
12pt]{exam}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[pangram]{blindtext}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{paracol}

\pointformat{/\thepoints}
\addpoints
\pointsdroppedatright 



%%%Exercises numbering%%%
%%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/682327/exam-class-define-questionlabel-and-partlabel-conditionally/682446#682446 %%%
\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\thequestion}{\arabic{question}\@ifundefined{r@part@\arabic{question}@1}{\phantom{.0}}{.0}}
\renewcommand{\thepartno}{\arabic{question}.\arabic{partno}\@ifundefined{r@subpart@\arabic{question}@\arabic{partno}@1}{\phantom{.0}}{.0}}
\renewcommand{\thesubpart}{\arabic{question}.\arabic{partno}.\arabic{subpart}\@ifundefined{r@subsubpart@\arabic{question}@\arabic{partno}@\arabic{subpart}@1}{\phantom{.0}}{.0}}
\renewcommand{\thesubsubpart}{\arabic{question}.\arabic{partno}.\arabic{subpart}.\arabic{subsubpart}}
\renewcommand{\questionlabel}{\thequestion\hfill}
\renewcommand{\partlabel}{\hbox to \labelwidth{\thepartno\hfill}}
\renewcommand{\subpartlabel}{\hbox to \labelwidth{\thesubpart\hfill}}
\renewcommand{\subsubpartlabel}{\hbox to \labelwidth{\thesubsubpart\hfill}}
\newcommand{\multihook}{%
  \setlength{\@totalleftmargin}{0pt}%
  \settowidth{\labelwidth}{12.2.2.2}% 2 is usually the widest digit, 1 is narrowest
  \setlength{\leftmargin}{\dimexpr \labelwidth+\labelsep}%
  \setlength{\linewidth}{\columnwidth}%
}
\let\questionshook=\multihook
\let\partshook=\multihook
\let\subpartshook=\multihook
\let\subsubpartshook=\multihook
\makeatother

\newcounter{partscounter}
\newcounter{subpartscounter}
\newcounter{subsubpartscounter}

\begin{document}
    \begin{questions}
        \columnratio{0.6,0.4}
        \begin{paracol}{2}\sloppy
            \begin{leftcolumn}
                \question \Blindtext[1][3]
                \begin{parts}
                    \part \Blindtext[1][3]
                    \begin{subparts}
                        \subpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                        
                        \droppoints
                        
                        \subpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                        \setcounter{subpartscounter}{\value{subpart}}
                    \end{subparts}
                    \setcounter{partscounter}{\value{partno}}
                \end{parts}
            \end{leftcolumn}
            \begin{rightcolumn}
                \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{graphic.png}
            \end{rightcolumn}
        \end{paracol}
        \begin{subparts}
            \setcounter{subpart}{\value{subpartscounter}}
            \subpart \Blindtext[1][3]
            \begin{subsubparts}
                \subsubpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                
                \subsubpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
                
                \subsubpart[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
            \end{subsubparts}
        \end{subparts}
        \begin{parts}
            \setcounter{partno}{\value{partscounter}}
            \part[1] \Blindtext[1][3]
        \end{parts}
    \end{questions}
\end{document}

Answer 2

我找到了一个解决方法：在每个项目周围创建一个不同的 paracol 环境，让右列为空。然后将图形添加到最后一个 paracol 的右列中，并使用负 \vspace* 将其向上移动。这不是最优雅的解决方案，但它有效。不过，正在寻找更好的解决方案！