如何通过合并自动换行来格式化具有多行单元格值的表格？

Question

我正在尝试制作一个单元格中包含多行值的表格。以下是 MWE：

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[a4paper, total={170mm,262mm}, left=20mm, top=20mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{multirow}

\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[ht]
\centering
\caption{Studies that made a quantitative estimate of the parameters for the analysis on the blah blah blah blah}
\begin{tabular}{p{3.8cm}p{2cm}p{4cm}p{5cm}}
\hline
 {\bf Study} & {\bf Study} & {\bf Lead time}  & {\bf Methodology for}\\
{\bf location} & {\bf Period} & {\bf (days)} &  {\bf qualifying lead time.}\\
\hline 
City 1, Country 1 & Jun--Aug 2020 & 2 & \textit{Method 1}: attribute 1 vs attribute 2 \\
City 2, Country 2 (detail A, detail b) & Aug 2020--Jan 2021 &
0 to 6 (different sublocations) & \textit{Method 2}: attribute 1 vs attribute 2 given a certain preprocessing (7-day) \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{document}

输出有问题，如下：

与上述内容不同，我希望获得一个具有以下特点的整洁的表格：

1. 表格跨越文本（行）宽度
2. 表格标题和正文之间的合理间距
3. 当内容超出列宽时（包括表格标题），将自动换行。
4. 第一列：我希望城市和国家/地区分行显示。如果还有其他文本，则应将其放在更下方，并进行自动换行。
5. 所有内容都左对齐（如果我们有居中对齐的列标题，那就没问题）
6. 无欠满/过满警告
7. 行与行之间有足够的空间（如果添加更多行，上面的表格看起来会很糟糕）

理想表格的示例（在 MS-Word 中生成），但没有标题，如下所示：

有人能建议如何获得这样的表格吗？

Answer 1

通过使用tabularray和booktabs包可以轻松满足您的要求：

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[showframe,          % in real document remove this option
            a4paper, total={170mm,262mm}, left=20mm, top=20mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{tabularray}         % new
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs}       % booktabs package load as  tabularray library
\usepackage[skip=1ex,
            font=small,
            labelfont=bf]{caption}  % for caption formating

\begin{document}
    \begin{table}[ht]
\caption{Studies that made a quantitative estimate of the parameters for the analysis on the blah blah blah blah}
\begin{tblr}{colspec = {@{} X[1.8, l] X[2, l] X[2, l] X[2.5,l] @{}},
             rowsep=5pt,
             row{1}  = {font=\bfseries,rowsep=2pt},
             }
    \toprule
{Study\\  location}
    &   {Study\\ Period}
        &   {Lead time\\ days}   
            &   {Methodology for\\ qualifying lead time.}   \\
    \midrule
{City 1,\\ Country 1}
    & Jun--Aug 2020 
        & 2 & \textit{Method 1}: attribute 1 vs attribute 2 \\
{City 2,\\ Country 2\\ 
(detail A, detail b)}
    & Aug 2020--Jan 2021 
        & 0 to 6 (different sublocations) 
            & \textit{Method 2}: attribute 1 vs attribute 2 given a certain preprocessing (7-day) \\
    \bottomrule
\end{tblr}
    \end{table}
\end{document}

Answer 2

这是一个解决方案，它使用tabularx环境（目标宽度为\textwidth）和所有四列的可变宽度版本的X列类型。还请注意 (a) 明智地使用\newline指令来创建换行符之内单元格和（b）使用\addlinespace在行之间插入空白。

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[a4paper, total={170mm,262mm}, left=20mm, top=20mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{booktabs}
% \usepackage{multirow} % (not needed)

% new code:
\usepackage[skip=0.333\baselineskip]{caption} % space below caption
\usepackage{tabularx} % for 'tabularx' env. and 'X' column type
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{%
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash\hsize=#1\hsize}X}
\usepackage{newtxtext,newtxmath} % optional (Times Roman font clones)

\pagestyle{empty} % why?

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htbp]

\caption{Studies that made a quantitative estimate of the parameters for the analysis on the blah blah blah blah}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{} L{0.8}L{0.6}L{0.9}L{1.7} @{}} % 0.8+0.6+0.9+1.7 = 4 = # of X-type columns
\toprule
\bfseries Study location & \bfseries Study Period & \bfseries Lead time, in days & \bfseries Methodology for qualifying lead time\\
\midrule
City 1, \newline Country 1 & Jun--Aug 2020 & 2 & \textit{Method 1}: Attribute 1 vs attribute 2 \\
\addlinespace
City 2, \newline Country 2 \newline (detail A, detail B) & Aug 2020--\hspace{0pt}Jan 2021 &
0 to 6 (various sublocations) & \textit{Method 2}: Attribute 1 vs attribute 2 given a certain preprocessing (7-day) \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\end{document}