就像下面的弯曲三角形
我所能画的只是 MWE。
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (4.5,0) -- (6,2) -- (1.5,2) -- cycle;
\draw [xshift=3cm,yshift=1cm] (0,0) ellipse (1.2 and .6);
\draw [xshift=3cm,yshift=1cm,->,teal] (0,.6) -- (.6,.6);
\draw [xshift=3cm,yshift=1cm,->,teal] (1.2,0) -- (1.9,0);
\draw [xshift=3cm,yshift=1cm,->,teal] (0,-.6) -- (.6,-.6);
\draw [xshift=3cm,yshift=1cm,->,teal] ({-1.2*cos(30)},{-.6*sin(30)}) --++ (.6,0) node [above] {$v^a$};
\draw [xshift=3cm,yshift=1cm,->,teal] ({-1.2*cos(30)},{.6*sin(30)}) --++ (.6,0);
\shade [xshift=3cm,yshift=1cm,ball color=teal] (-1.2,0) circle (.06);
\end{tikzpicture}