我有一棵树，但希望每一层矩形之间的距离相等（每一层矩形之间的间距相等）。树的构思来自这里：在图中添加额外的有向弧（tikz 图片） 我需要调整距离。如能得到帮助我将不胜感激！
\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.multipart}
\usepackage{tikz}
\tikzset{block/.style={
font=\sffamily,
draw=black,
thin,
fill=white!50,
rectangle split,
rectangle split horizontal,
rectangle split parts=#1,
outer sep=0pt},
}
\begin{document}
\def\lvld{1.2} % Choose level distance
\begin{figure*}[h]
\begin{tikzpicture}[level distance=\lvld cm,
level 1/.style={sibling distance=5cm}, %level B
level 2/.style={sibling distance=3.7cm}, %level c
level 3/.style={sibling distance= 1.9cm},
edgedown/.style={edge from parent/.style={draw=black,thick,-latex}}]
\node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (A) {(1,1,1)}
[grow=down,edgedown]
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (B1) {(2,2,2)}
child {node[block=1][label=left:{(0,0)}] (C1) {(5,5,5)}
child {node[block=1][label=left:{(0,0)}] (D1) {(11,11,11)}}
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (D2) {(12,12,12)}} }
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (C2) {(6,6,6)}
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (D3) {(13,13,13)}}
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (D4) {(14,14,14)}
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (E1) {(19,19,19)}}}}
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (C3) {(7,7,7)}
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (D5) {(15,15,15)}}}}
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (B2) {(3,3,3)}
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (C4) {(8,8,8)} }}
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (B3) {(4,4,4)}
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (C5) {(9,9,9)}
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (D6) {(16,16,16)}}}
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (C6) {(10,10,10)}
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (D7) {(17,17,17)}}
child {node[block=1][label=right:{(0,0)}] (D8) {(18,18,18)}}}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure*}
\end{document}
答案1
虽然不完全是所需的结果，但是由于您使用链接了解决方案forest，因此我将您的树转换为了森林。
\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.multipart}
\usepackage{tikz}
\tikzset{block/.style={
font=\sffamily,
draw=black,
thin,
fill=white!50,
rectangle split,
rectangle split horizontal,
rectangle split parts=#1,
outer sep=0pt},
}
\usepackage{forest}
\def\lvld{1.2cm} % Choose level distance
\begin{document}
\begin{forest}
for tree={draw=black, s sep=1cm, l sep=\lvld,
edge={draw=black,thick,-latex}},
[{(1,1,1)}, label=right:{(0,0)}
[{(2,2,2)}, label=right:{(0,0)}
[{(5,5,5)}, label=left:{(0,0)}
[{(11,11,11)}, label=left:{(0,0)}]
[{(12,12,12)}, label=right:{(0,0)}]
]
[{(6,6,6)}, label=right:{(0,0)}
[{(13,13,13)}, label=right:{(0,0)}]
[{(14,14,14)}, label=right:{(0,0)}
[{(19,19,19)}, label=right:{(0,0)}]
]
[{(7,7,7)}, label=right:{(0,0)}
[{(15,15,15)}, label=right:{(0,0)}]
]
]
]
[{(3,3,3)}, label=right:{(0,0)}
[{(8,8,8)}, label=right:{(0,0)}]
]
[{(4,4,4)}, label=right:{(0,0)}
[{(9,9,9)}, label=right:{(0,0)}
[{(16,16,16)}, label=right:{(0,0)}]
]
[{(10,10,10)}, label=right:{(0,0)}
[{(17,17,17)}, label=right:{(0,0)}]
[{(18,18,18)}, label=right:{(0,0)}]
]
]
]
\end{forest}
\end{document}
答案2
我不完全理解这个问题，但我认为您要求的是让每个级别的节点在水平方向上均匀分布。如果是这样，我认为这不是您想要的，甚至可能不是您想要的。下面的第二个示例半心半意地尝试实现该要求，以说明您可能不想要它的原因。基本上，除非您有一棵高度对称的树，否则结果看起来会很糟糕，树会变得不切实际地宽。要么这样，要么边缘（父节点和其子节点之间的线）会出现各种奇怪的角度。如果这真的是您想要的，我建议根本不要画树，而是使用类似的东西，matrix of nodes然后添加边缘。
下面的第一个示例是 jlab 提供的代码的简化版本。它试图在对称性和整洁性之间取得平衡。它是否能达到这种平衡尚有争议，但在我看来，结果看起来是合理的。
如上所述，第二个示例在某种程度上均衡了同一级别上节点之间的水平空间。它只对具有相同父节点的节点执行此操作，但即便如此，您仍可以看到树变得多么不平衡。要均衡同一级别上所有节点之间的间距，需要进一步拉伸树，并允许从根到的路径（(3,3,3)例如(8,8,8)）奇怪地曲折。这是可行的，但我认为这样做没有任何价值。
第三个示例使用了库forked edges中的edges元素。它使用了垂直向下、垂直穿过和垂直向下的边。因此，不匹配的角度被消除了，但树仍然非常紧凑。如果这是一个选项，您可以根据需要进一步调整间距，但这种风格在您的学科中可能可接受也可能不可接受。
第四个示例使用 来matrix of nodes演示如何在矩阵中设置节点。它不强加所要求的间距均衡。相反，它演示了您可以用来根据需要调整间距的方法。如果您希望总体上有更多的空间，请增加column sep。如果您希望特定列之间有更多空间，请向第一行添加额外间距，如示例中第 7 列和第 8 列所示。通过命名矩阵m，您可以使用形式的名称添加箭头(m-<row>-<column>)，如矩阵设置后的循环所示\foreach。在调整矩阵时添加很有用，nodes in empty cells因为它为您提供了所有内容的参考。对箭头进行排序后，只需删除添加即可摆脱所有空白处的方块（这只是 的效果nodes={draw}）。
我不知道这些树中的哪一种可能适合或不适合你的目的。
\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
% ateb: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/714369/ addaswyd o ateb jlab: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/713651/ a chwestiwn Vika: https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/713642/
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,matrix}
\usepackage{tikz}
\tikzset{%
block/.style={
font=\sffamily,
draw=black,
thin,
fill=white!50,
outer sep=0pt,
},
}
\usepackage[edges]{forest}
\forestset{%
declare toks={my label}{},
declare boolean={my label done}{0},
equalise s sep/.style={%
for tree={%
edge+={-Latex},
anchor=base,
align=@{}c@{},
font=\sffamily,
},
},
equalise node widths/.style={%
before packing={%
tempdima/.max={ > OOw2+d {max x}{min x}{##1-##2} }{tree},
for tree={%
minimum width/.register=tempdima,
},
typeset nodes,
},
},
calign central child or midpoint/.style={%
before typesetting nodes={%
where={ > Ow+P {n children}{isodd(##1)} }
{%
calign primary child/.process={ Ow+P {n children}{int((##1+1)/2)}},
calign=child edge,
}{%
calign=edge midpoint,
},
},
},
my labels/.style={%
before typesetting nodes={%
for nodewalk={%
root,
label/.process={ Ow{my label}{[my label style]left:{##1}}},
last leaf,
label/.process={ Ow{my label}{[my label style]below:{##1}}},
fit=band,
while nodewalk valid={previous leaf}{%
previous leaf,
label/.process={ Ow{my label}{[my label style]below:{##1}}},
},
while nodewalk valid={parent}{%
parent,
label/.process={ Ow{my label}{[my label style]left:{##1}}},
},
}{my label done},
where my label done={}{%
label/.process={ Ow{my label}{[my label style]right:{##1}}},
},
},
},
equalise s sep by level/.style={%
before computing xy={%
for tree children-first={%
if={ > On> {n children}{1} }{%l[1] l[2]
tempdima={ > Ow+d O > ? p {!first.s}{-##1} {!last.s} {Ow+d{!first.s}{-##1}} {O{!last.s}} },
!first.s=-\foresteregister{tempdima},
!last.s/.register=tempdima,
}{},
},
},
},
/tikz/my label style/.style={font=\sffamily},
}
\begin{document}
\begin{forest}
for tree={%
block,
s sep'=30pt,
l sep'=20pt,
edge+={draw=black,thick,-Latex},
font=\sffamily,
},
equalise node widths,
calign central child or midpoint,
my labels,
[{(1,1,1)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(2,2,2)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(5,5,5)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(11,11,11)}, my label={(0,0)}]
[{(12,12,12)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
[{(6,6,6)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(13,13,13)}, my label={(0,0)}]
[{(14,14,14)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(19,19,19)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
[{(7,7,7)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(15,15,15)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
]
]
[{(3,3,3)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(8,8,8)}, my label={(0,0)},fit=band]
]
[{(4,4,4)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(9,9,9)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(16,16,16)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
[{(10,10,10)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(17,17,17)}, my label={(0,0)}]
[{(18,18,18)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
]
]
\end{forest}
\begin{forest}
for tree={%
block,
s sep'=30pt,
l sep'=20pt,
edge+={draw=black,thick,-Latex},
font=\sffamily,
},
equalise node widths,
calign central child or midpoint,
equalise s sep by level,
my labels,
[{(1,1,1)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(2,2,2)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(5,5,5)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(11,11,11)}, my label={(0,0)}]
[{(12,12,12)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
[{(6,6,6)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(13,13,13)}, my label={(0,0)}]
[{(14,14,14)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(19,19,19)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
[{(7,7,7)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(15,15,15)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
]
]
[{(3,3,3)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(8,8,8)}, my label={(0,0)},fit=band]
]
[{(4,4,4)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(9,9,9)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(16,16,16)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
[{(10,10,10)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(17,17,17)}, my label={(0,0)}]
[{(18,18,18)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
]
]
\end{forest}
\begin{forest}
for tree={%
block,
s sep'=30pt,
l sep'=20pt,
edge+={draw=black,thick,-Latex},
font=\sffamily,
},
equalise node widths,
calign central child or midpoint,
my labels,
forked edges,
[{(1,1,1)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(2,2,2)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(5,5,5)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(11,11,11)}, my label={(0,0)}]
[{(12,12,12)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
[{(6,6,6)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(13,13,13)}, my label={(0,0)}]
[{(14,14,14)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(19,19,19)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
[{(7,7,7)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(15,15,15)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
]
]
[{(3,3,3)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(8,8,8)}, my label={(0,0)},fit=band]
]
[{(4,4,4)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(9,9,9)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(16,16,16)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
[{(10,10,10)}, my label={(0,0)}
[{(17,17,17)}, my label={(0,0)}]
[{(18,18,18)}, my label={(0,0)}]
]
]
]
\end{forest}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node (m) [%
matrix of nodes,
nodes={draw,font=\sffamily},
row sep=10mm,
column sep=5mm,]
{
& & & & && |[label=left:{(0,0)}]| (1,1,1) &[10mm] &[10mm] & & \\
& & & |[label=left:{(0,0)}]| (2,2,2) & && |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (3,3,3) & & & |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (4,4,4) & \\
& |[label=left:{(0,0)}]| (5,5,5) & & & |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (6,6,6) && |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (8,8,8) & & |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (9,9,9) & & |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (10,10,10) \\
|[label=left:{(0,0)}]| (11,11,11) & & |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (12,12,12) & |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (13,13,13) & |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (14,14,14) & |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (7,7,7) && & |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (16,16,16) & |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (17,17,17) && |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (18,18,18) \\
& & & & |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (19,19,19) & |[label=right:{(0,0)}]| (15,15,15) && & & & & \\
};
\begin{scope}[every path/.style={draw,-Latex}]
\foreach \i/\j in {1-7/2-7,2-7/3-7,1-7/2-4,1-7/2-10,2-4/3-2,3-2/4-1,3-2/4-3,2-4/3-5,3-5/4-4,3-5/4-5,3-5/4-6,4-5/5-5,4-6/5-6,2-10/3-9,2-10/3-11,3-11/4-12,3-11/4-10,3-9/4-9} \path (m-\i) -- (m-\j);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
[显然需要图像，但是由于 Okular 错误，必须等待。]