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表格中文本的位置

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表格中文本的位置

如何让公式或文本位于表格单元格的中心位置？这是我的代码：

\documentclass[10pt,letterpaper]{article}
\usepackage[lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{
        % use this `compat' level or higher, so TikZ coordinates don't have to
        % be prefixed by `axis cs:'
        compat=1.11,
    }

\usepackage{tabularx}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}





% -------------------
% Content
% -------------------
\begin{document}



\begin{center}
\pgfplotsset{width=0.8\linewidth,
             scale only axis,
             axis lines = middle,
             ticks=none,
             xlabel={$x$},
             ylabel={$y$},
             xlabel style={right},
             ylabel style={above},
             xmin=-4,
             xmax=4,
             %
             every axis plot post/.append style={ultra thick, smooth},
            }
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{|C|C|C|}
    \hline
& $n$~\textbf{gerade} & $n$~\textbf{ungerade} \\
\hline
$a>0$ & \begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^2};% node [pos=0.7, below right] {\footnotesize{$x^2$}};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.2,3) {$x^2$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
\end{axis}
%\node at (0.5,-0.2) {$\alpha>0$};
\end{tikzpicture} 
\medskip

Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $+\infty$ nach $+\infty$ & \begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
    \addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^3}; %node [pos=0.8, above right] {\footnotesize{$x^3$}};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.2,3) {$x^3$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
    \end{axis}
    %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {{$\alpha<0$}};
    \end{tikzpicture} 
\medskip

Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $-\infty$ nach $+\infty$\\
    \hline
$a < 0$  & \begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {-x^2} node [pos=0.9, below right] {$f(x)=-x^2$};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.5,-3) {$-x^2$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
\end{axis}
%\node at (0.5,-0.2) {$\alpha>0$};
\end{tikzpicture} 
\medskip

Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $-\infty$ nach $-\infty$ & \begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
    \addplot [domain=-3:3] {-x^3} node [pos=0.9, above right] {$f(x)=-x^3$};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.3,-3) {$-x^3$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
    \end{axis}
    %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {{$\alpha<0$}};
    \end{tikzpicture} 
\medskip

Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $+\infty$ nach $-\infty$\\
    \hline 

$|a| > 1$  & \begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^2};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 1.5,1) {$x^2$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
\addplot [color=red, domain=-4:4] {2*x^2} node [pos=0.9, below right] {$2x^2$};
\draw [-latex,color=red] (2,2) to (1,2);
\node at (2.5,2) {\small \textcolor{red}{$2x^2$}};
\end{axis}
%\node at (0.5,-0.2) {$\alpha>0$};
\end{tikzpicture} \medskip  & \begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
    \addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^3};% node [pos=0.9, above right] {$x^3$};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 1.5,1) {$x^3$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
    \addplot [color=red, domain=-3:3] {2*x^3};% node [pos=0.9, above right] {$x^3$};
\draw [-latex,color=red] (2.2,3.456) to (1.2,3.456);
\node at (2.7,3.456) {\small \textcolor{red}{$2x^3$}};
    \end{axis}
    %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {{$\alpha<0$}};
    \end{tikzpicture} \medskip \\ 
&  \multicolumn{2}{c|}{ Dehnung in $y$-Richtung}\\
\hline

$|a| < 1$  & \begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^2};
\draw [-latex] (2.5,2.25) to (1.5,2.25);
\node at (2.85,2.25) {\small $x^2$};
\addplot [color=red, domain=-4:4] {(1/2)*x^2};
\node[color=red, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2,0.5) {$\frac{1}{2}x^2$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
\end{axis}
%\node at (0.5,-0.2) {$\alpha>0$};
\end{tikzpicture} \medskip  & \begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
    \addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^3};
\draw [-latex] (2.5,3.375) to (1.5,3.375);
\node at (2.85,3.375) {\small $x^2$};
    \addplot [color=red, domain=-3:3] {(1/2)*x^3};% node [pos=0.9, above right] {$x^3$};
\node[color=red, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.1,1.5) {$\frac{1}{2}x^3$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
    \end{axis}
    %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {{$\alpha<0$}};
    \end{tikzpicture} \medskip \\ 
&  \multicolumn{2}{c|}{ Stauchung in $y$-Richtung}\\
\hline
\end{tabularx}
    \end{center}

\end{document}

如您所见，文本位于第一列中相对较远的位置。

在此处输入图片描述

答案1

如果您的表格包含多个段落和文本与图片的混合，则默认对齐方式始终是相对于每个单元格的第一个最上基线。对于文本，它是底部字符。对于图片，它是底部边缘。pfgplots还将其绘图的基线保持在西南或左下角。这就是为什么第一列中的文本位于轴的底部。

一种方法是将anchor每个轴用作可选设置，并将点更改为中心。另一种方法是将baseline整体设置tikzpicture为轴的中心。这两种方法都会移动默认基线，即第一个单元格中的文本将对齐。请注意，这不是单元格的中心，因为单元格还包含标题，在这种情况下不包括标题。如果您希望单元格中完美居中对齐，请使用其他解决方案。

要将基线移动到轴的中心，请将以下内容添加到序言中：

\tikzset{
    baseline={([yshift=-0.7ex]current axis.center)},
}

yshift是可选参数，用于进一步调整。这里，它只是对字符高度的补偿。

完整代码：

\documentclass[10pt,letterpaper]{article}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.11}

\usepackage{tabularx}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}

\tikzset{
    baseline={([yshift=-0.7ex]current axis.center)},
}

\pgfplotsset{
    width=1.8\linewidth,
    scale only axis,
    axis lines = middle,
    ticks=none,
    xlabel={$x$},
    ylabel={$y$},
    xlabel style={right},
    ylabel style={above},
    xmin=-4,
    xmax=4,
    %
    every axis plot post/.append style={ultra thick, smooth},
}


\begin{document}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{|C|C|C|}
    \hline
    & $n$~\textbf{gerade} & $n$~\textbf{ungerade} \\
    \hline
    $a>0$
    & \begin{tikzpicture}
          \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
              \addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^2};% node [pos=0.7, below right] {\footnotesize{$x^2$}};
              \node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.2,3) {$x^2$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
          \end{axis}
          %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {$\alpha>0$};
      \end{tikzpicture}
    \par\medskip
    \par Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $+\infty$ nach $+\infty$
    & \begin{tikzpicture}
          \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
              \addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^3}; %node [pos=0.8, above right] {\footnotesize{$x^3$}};
              \node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.2,3) {$x^3$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
          \end{axis}
          %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {{$\alpha<0$}};
      \end{tikzpicture} 
      \par\medskip   
      \par Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $-\infty$ nach $+\infty$ \\
    \hline
    $a < 0$
    & \begin{tikzpicture}
          \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
              \addplot [domain=-3:3] {-x^2} node [pos=0.9, below right] {$f(x)=-x^2$};
              \node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.5,-3) {$-x^2$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
          \end{axis}
          %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {$\alpha>0$};
      \end{tikzpicture} 
      \par \medskip
      \par Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $-\infty$ nach $-\infty$
    & \begin{tikzpicture}
          \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
              \addplot [domain=-3:3] {-x^3} node [pos=0.9, above right] {$f(x)=-x^3$};
              \node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.3,-3) {$-x^3$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
          \end{axis}
          %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {{$\alpha<0$}};
      \end{tikzpicture} 
      \par\medskip
      \par Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $+\infty$ nach $-\infty$ \\
      \hline
    $|a| > 1$
    & \begin{tikzpicture}
           \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
               \addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^2};
               \node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 1.5,1) {$x^2$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
               \addplot [color=red, domain=-4:4] {2*x^2} node [pos=0.9, below right] {$2x^2$};
               \draw [-latex,color=red] (2,2) to (1,2);
               \node at (2.5,2) {\small \textcolor{red}{$2x^2$}};
           \end{axis}
       %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {$\alpha>0$};
      \end{tikzpicture} \medskip 
    & \begin{tikzpicture}
          \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
              \addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^3};% node [pos=0.9, above right] {$x^3$};
              \node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 1.5,1) {$x^3$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
              \addplot [color=red, domain=-3:3] {2*x^3};% node [pos=0.9, above right] {$x^3$};
              \draw [-latex,color=red] (2.2,3.456) to (1.2,3.456);
              \node at (2.7,3.456) {\small \textcolor{red}{$2x^3$}};
          \end{axis}
          %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {{$\alpha<0$}};
      \end{tikzpicture} \medskip \\ 
    & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{ Dehnung in $y$-Richtung} \\
    \hline
    $|a| < 1$
    & \begin{tikzpicture}
          \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
              \addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^2};
              \draw [-latex] (2.5,2.25) to (1.5,2.25);
              \node at (2.85,2.25) {\small $x^2$};
              \addplot [color=red, domain=-4:4] {(1/2)*x^2};
              \node[color=red, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2,0.5) {$\frac{1}{2}x^2$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
          \end{axis}
          %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {$\alpha>0$};
      \end{tikzpicture}
    & \begin{tikzpicture}
          \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
              \addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^3};
              \draw [-latex] (2.5,3.375) to (1.5,3.375);
              \node at (2.85,3.375) {\small $x^2$};
              \addplot [color=red, domain=-3:3] {(1/2)*x^3};% node [pos=0.9, above right] {$x^3$};
              \node[color=red, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.1,1.5) {$\frac{1}{2}x^3$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
          \end{axis}
          %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {{$\alpha<0$}};
      \end{tikzpicture} \medskip \\ 
    & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{ Stauchung in $y$-Richtung}\\
    \hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

您需要运行该指令

\renewcommand{\tabularxcolumn}[1]{m{#1}}

在加载软件包后，在前言中tabularx。（默认设置为\newcommand{\tabularxcolumn}[1]{p{#1}}。）请参阅用户指南第 4.2 节表格型包以获取更多信息。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[10pt,letterpaper]{article}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{tikz,pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.11}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{tabularx,ragged2e}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\renewcommand{\tabularxcolumn}[1]{m{#1}}

% -------------------
% Content
% -------------------
\begin{document}

\begin{center}

\pgfplotsset{width=0.8\linewidth,
             scale only axis,
             axis lines = middle,
             ticks=none,
             xlabel={$x$},
             ylabel={$y$},
             xlabel style={right},
             ylabel style={above},
             xmin=-4,
             xmax=4,
             %
             every axis plot post/.append style={ultra thick, smooth},
            }
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{|wc{1.5in}|C|C|}
\hline
& $n$ gerade & $n$ ungerade \\
\hline

$a>0$ & 
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^2};% node [pos=0.7, below right] {\footnotesize{$x^2$}};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.2,3) {$x^2$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
\end{axis}
%\node at (0.5,-0.2) {$\alpha>0$};
\end{tikzpicture} 

\medskip

Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verläuft von $+\infty$ nach $+\infty$ 
& 
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
    \addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^3}; %node [pos=0.8, above right] {\footnotesize{$x^3$}};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.2,3) {$x^3$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
    \end{axis}
    %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {{$\alpha<0$}};
    \end{tikzpicture}
     
\medskip

Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verläuft von $-\infty$ nach $+\infty$\\
\hline

$a < 0$  & 
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {-x^2} node [pos=0.9, below right] {$f(x)=-x^2$};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.5,-3) {$-x^2$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
\end{axis}
%\node at (0.5,-0.2) {$\alpha>0$};
\end{tikzpicture} 

\medskip

Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verläuft von $-\infty$ nach $-\infty$ 
& 
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
    \addplot [domain=-3:3] {-x^3} node [pos=0.9, above right] {$f(x)=-x^3$};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.3,-3) {$-x^3$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
    \end{axis}
    %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {{$\alpha<0$}};
\end{tikzpicture} 
\medskip

Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verläuft von $+\infty$ nach $-\infty$\\
\hline 

$|a| > 1$  
& 
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^2};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 1.5,1) {$x^2$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
\addplot [color=red, domain=-4:4] {2*x^2} node [pos=0.9, below right] {$2x^2$};
\draw [-latex,color=red] (2,2) to (1,2);
\node at (2.5,2) {\small \textcolor{red}{$2x^2$}};
\end{axis}
%\node at (0.5,-0.2) {$\alpha>0$};
\end{tikzpicture} 

%\medskip  
& 
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
    \addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^3};% node [pos=0.9, above right] {$x^3$};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 1.5,1) {$x^3$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
    \addplot [color=red, domain=-3:3] {2*x^3};% node [pos=0.9, above right] {$x^3$};
\draw [-latex,color=red] (2.2,3.456) to (1.2,3.456);
\node at (2.7,3.456) {\small \textcolor{red}{$2x^3$}};
    \end{axis}
    %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {{$\alpha<0$}};
    \end{tikzpicture} 
    
%\medskip 
\\ 
& \multicolumn{2}{c|}{ Dehnung in $y$-Richtung}\\
\hline

$|a| < 1$  
& 
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^2};
\draw [-latex] (2.5,2.25) to (1.5,2.25);
\node at (2.85,2.25) {\small $x^2$};
\addplot [color=red, domain=-4:4] {(1/2)*x^2};
\node[color=red, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2,0.5) {$\frac{1}{2}x^2$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
\end{axis}
%\node at (0.5,-0.2) {$\alpha>0$};
\end{tikzpicture} 

\medskip  

& 

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
    \addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^3};
\draw [-latex] (2.5,3.375) to (1.5,3.375);
\node at (2.85,3.375) {\small $x^2$};
    \addplot [color=red, domain=-3:3] {(1/2)*x^3};% node [pos=0.9, above right] {$x^3$};
\node[color=red, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.1,1.5) {$\frac{1}{2}x^3$}; %node [pos=0.1, below right] {$x^2$};
    \end{axis}
    %\node at (0.5,-0.2) {{$\alpha<0$}};
\end{tikzpicture} 

\medskip \\ 
&  \multicolumn{2}{c|}{ Stauchung in $y$-Richtung}\\
\hline

\end{tabularx}
\end{center}

\end{document}

答案3

@Mico 已经给出了答案，但你可能会受益于强大的tabularray

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[10pt,letterpaper]{article}
\usepackage[lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{graphicx} 
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs}


    
\pgfplotsset{
        compat=1.11,
        width=0.8\linewidth,
        scale only axis,
        axis lines = middle,
        ticks=none,
        xlabel={$x$},
        ylabel={$y$},
        xlabel style={right},
        ylabel style={above},
        xmin=-4,
        xmax=4,
        every axis plot post/.append style={ultra thick, smooth},
    }

\begin{filecontents*}{tikzPicture1.tex}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^2};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.2,3) {$x^2$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{filecontents*}

\begin{filecontents*}{tikzPicture2.tex}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^3};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.2,3) {$x^3$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{filecontents*}

\begin{filecontents*}{tikzPicture3.tex}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {-x^2} node [pos=0.9, below right] {$f(x)=-x^2$};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.5,-3) {$-x^2$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{filecontents*}

\begin{filecontents*}{tikzPicture4.tex}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {-x^3} node [pos=0.9, above right] {$f(x)=-x^3$};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.3,-3) {$-x^3$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{filecontents*}

\begin{filecontents*}{tikzPicture5.tex}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^2};
\addplot [color=red, domain=-4:4] {2*x^2} node [pos=0.9, below right] {$2x^2$};
\draw [-latex,color=red] (2,2) to (1,2);
\node at (2.5,2) {\small \textcolor{red}{$2x^2$}};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 1.5,1) {$x^2$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{filecontents*}

\begin{filecontents*}{tikzPicture6.tex}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^3};
\addplot [color=red, domain=-3:3] {2*x^3};
\draw [-latex,color=red] (2.2,3.456) to (1.2,3.456);
\node at (2.7,3.456) {\small \textcolor{red}{$2x^3$}};
\node[color=black, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 1.5,1) {$x^3$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{filecontents*}

\begin{filecontents*}{tikzPicture7.tex}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^2};
\addplot [color=red, domain=-4:4] {(1/2)*x^2};
\draw [-latex] (2.5,2.25) to (1.5,2.25);
\node[color=red, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2,0.5) {$\frac{1/2}x^2$};
\node at (2.85,2.25) {\small $x^2$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{filecontents*}

\begin{filecontents*}{tikzPicture8.tex}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ymin=-4, ymax=4]
\addplot [domain=-3:3] {x^3};
\draw [-latex] (2.5,3.375) to (1.5,3.375);
\node at (2.85,3.375) {\small $x^3$};
\addplot [color=red, domain=-3:3] {(1/2)*x^3};
\node[color=red, font=\footnotesize] at (axis cs: 2.1,1.5) {$\frac{1/2}x^3$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{filecontents*}
    
\newcommand{\myimage}[1]{\input{tikzPicture#1}}
    
\begin{document}
    
\begin{tblr}{
        colspec = {X[c,m]X[c,m]X[c,m]},
        width = \linewidth,
        row{1} = {font=\bfseries},
        vlines,
        hline{1,2,4,6,8,10} = {solid},
    }
            
    & {$n$ gerade} & {$n$ ungerade} \\
    \SetCell[r=2]{c} {$a > 0$}
    & \myimage{1} 
    & \myimage{2} 
    \\    
    & Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $+\infty$ nach $+\infty$
    & Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $-\infty$ nach $+\infty$ 
    \\
    \SetCell[r=2]{c} {$a < 0$}
    & \myimage{3} 
    & \myimage{4} 
    \\
    & Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $-\infty$ nach $-\infty$
    & Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $+\infty$ nach $-\infty$ 
    \\
    \SetCell[r=2]{c} {$|a| > 1$}
    & \myimage{5}
    & \myimage{6}
    \\
    & \SetCell[c=2]{c} Dehnung in $y$-Richtung \\
    \SetCell[r=2]{c} {$|a| < 1$}
    & \myimage{7}
    & \myimage{8} 
    \\
    & \SetCell[c=2]{c} Stauchung in $y$-Richtung \\
\end{tblr}
    
\end{document}

对于简单的 MWE

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[10pt,letterpaper]{article}
\usepackage[lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{graphicx} 
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs}

\pgfplotsset{
    compat=1.11,
    width=0.8\linewidth,
    scale only axis,
    axis lines = middle,
    ticks=none,
    xlabel={$x$},
    ylabel={$y$},
    xlabel style={right},
    ylabel style={above},
    xmin=-4,
    xmax=4,
    every axis plot post/.append style={ultra thick, smooth},
}

\newcommand{\myimage}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=35mm]{example-image}}

\begin{document}

\begin{tblr}{
        colspec = {X[c,m]X[c,m]X[c,m]},
        width = \linewidth,
        row{1} = {font=\bfseries},
        vlines,
        hline{1,2,4,6,8,10} = {solid},
        
    }
    
    & {$n$ gerade} & {$n$ ungerade} \\
    \SetCell[r=2]{c} {$a > 0$}
    & \myimage 
    & \myimage 
    \\    
    & Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $+\infty$ nach $+\infty$
    & Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $-\infty$ nach $+\infty$ 
    \\
    \SetCell[r=2]{c} {$a < 0$}
    & \myimage 
    & \myimage 
    \\
    & Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $-\infty$ nach $-\infty$
    & Der Graph der Potenzfunktion verl\"auft von $+\infty$ nach $-\infty$ 
    \\
    \SetCell[r=2]{c} {$|a| > 1$}
    & \myimage 
    & \myimage
    \\
    & \SetCell[c=2]{c} Dehnung in $y$-Richtung \\
    \SetCell[r=2]{c} {$|a| < 1$}
    & \myimage
    & \myimage \\
    & \SetCell[c=2]{c} Stauchung in $y$-Richtung \\
\end{tblr}

\end{document}

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