Tikz 循环 \foreach 元素在集合 A 中但不在集合 B 中

Question

有人知道 Ti 中的“不在集合中”命令是什么吗钾Z？我想要的是，让A成为一组乙是……的子集A. Ti 中的命令是什么钾Z 告诉：“对于每一个我在A但不是在乙？

我需要类似的东西：

foreach i in A
  if i is in the set B do THIS, else do THAT

Answer 1

蛮力手段。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\def\setA{1,2,3,4,5}
\def\setB{2,4}

\newif\ifmatch

\begin{document}

\let\setC=\empty
\foreach \x in \setA {\matchfalse
  \foreach \y in \setB {\ifnum\x=\y\relax \global\matchtrue \fi}%
  \ifmatch\else
    \ifx\empty\setC\relax
      \xdef\setC{\x}%
    \else
      \xdef\setC{\setC,\x}%
    \fi
  \fi}

\setC% should contain 1,3,5

\end{document}

Answer 2

我们可以将（有序）集合表示为逗号分隔的列表。

\documentclass{article}

\ExplSyntaxOn

\NewDocumentCommand{\foreachnot}{mm+m+m}
 {% #1 = main list, #2 = exclusion list,
  % #3 = to do if item is in main list but not in the exclusion list
  % #4 = to do if item is in the main list and in the exclusion list
  \erdos_forachnot:nnnn { #1 } { #2 } { #3 } { #4 }
 }
\NewDocumentCommand{\definelist}{mm}
 {
  \clist_clear_new:c { l__erdos_list_#1_clist }
  \clist_set:cn { l__erdos_list_#1_clist } { #2 }
 }

\cs_new_protected:Nn \erdos_forachnot:nnnn
 {
  \cs_set_protected:Nn \__erdos_foreachnot_true:n { #3 }
  \cs_set_protected:Nn \__erdos_foreachnot_false:n { #4 }
  \clist_map_inline:cn { l__erdos_list_#1_clist }
   {
    \clist_if_in:cnTF { l__erdos_list_#2_clist } { ##1 }
     {% item is in main list and in the exclusion list
      \__erdos_foreachnot_false:n { ##1 }
     }
     {% item is in main list but not in the exclusion list
      \__erdos_foreachnot_true:n { ##1 }
     }
   }
 }

% initialize the two scratch functions
\cs_new_protected:Nn \__erdos_foreachnot_true:n {}
\cs_new_protected:Nn \__erdos_foreachnot_false:n {}

\ExplSyntaxOff

\begin{document}

\definelist{A}{1,2,3,4,5}
\definelist{B}{2,4}

\foreachnot{A}{B}{Item #1 is in A but not in B\par}{Item #1 is in A and in B\par}

\end{document}

第三和第四个参数是模板，其中当前项用 表示#1。

如果需要嵌套这样的循环，则需要做更多的工作。