如何交叉引用不同计数器的标题？

Question

我没有提供解决方案，因为您没有明确说明您是将其用作学习练习还是实际用途，所以我不知道该给出哪种答案。

这是对“为什么？”的回答，而不是对“如何？”的回答。

\caption每次在环境中使用时figure，figure计数器都会递增。信息将写入.aux文件以供交叉引用等使用。

您改变了标题标签格式的外观，但并未触及所使用的计数器。您的格式不使用所使用的计数器。也就是说，它不使用figure。因此，您看不到环境本身所使用的值figure。您只能看到自定义计数器。但这些计数器并未用于交叉引用。因此，当您稍后引用它时，您将获得写入.aux使用的信息figure。并且您指定的格式在此处不处于活动状态，因此这次使用计数器的值。

要了解发生了什么，请查看.aux：

\relax
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Chapter One}{1}{}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }}
\@writefile{lol}{\contentsline {lstlisting}{indentfirst.sty}{1}{}\protected@file@percent }
\providecommand*\caption@xref[2]{\@setref\relax\@undefined{#1}}
\newlabel{the-first-text}{{1.1b}{1}{}{}{}}
\newlabel{sub@the-first-text}{{b}{1}{}{}{}}

请注意，这些使用的是我们所期望的。

\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.1}{\ignorespaces This is a figure with some text, use the Figure counter.}}{1}{}\protected@file@percent }
\newlabel{group1}{{1.1}{1}{}{}{}}

这是我们的第一个数字。

\@writefile{lol}{\contentsline {lstlisting}{indentfirst.sty}{2}{}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.2}{\ignorespaces This is just text B, so use the Listing counter.}}{2}{}\protected@file@percent }
\newlabel{group2}{{1.2}{2}{}{}{}}

这里我们看到了为第二个浮点写入的信息。请注意，写入的值正在.aux使用figure计数器，尽管这在标题格式的任何地方都没有使用。

\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.3}{\ignorespaces This is just a figure, so use the Figure counter.}}{2}{}\protected@file@percent }
\newlabel{group3}{{1.3}{2}{}{}{}}
\@writefile{lol}{\contentsline {lstlisting}{indentfirst.sty}{3}{}\protected@file@percent }

现在我们得到3第三个浮点数。同样，这个值figure不用于排版标题。

\newlabel{text-c}{{1.4a}{3}{}{}{}}
\newlabel{sub@text-c}{{a}{3}{}{}{}}

再次，我们得到了figure计数器的递增，尽管这并不是figure因为它发生在figure环境内部。

\@writefile{lol}{\contentsline {lstlisting}{indentfirst.sty}{3}{}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.4}{\ignorespaces These are texts C and D, so use the Listing counter.}}{3}{}\protected@file@percent }
\newlabel{group4}{{1.4}{3}{}{}{}}
\gdef \@abspage@last{3}

如果您希望查看已编译文档中发生的情况，以下代码可能会有所帮助。您必须编译它，因为我的图像因 Okular 错误而无法使用。请注意：实际输出非常丑陋。

% WHY? NOT HOW?
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{margin=0.2in,papersize={8.5in,11in}}
\usepackage[draft]{graphicx}
\usepackage{pgfkeys}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\definecolor{lightgray}{gray}{0.9}

\makeatletter

\pgfkeys{/fig/entities/.cd,
    file/.initial={},
    width/.initial={},
    caption/.initial={},
    label/.initial={},
}
\def\fig@set@keys#1{\pgfkeys{/fig/entities/.cd,#1}}
\def\fig@get#1{\pgfkeysvalueof{/fig/entities/#1}}
\def\fig@set@defaults{\pgfkeys{/fig/entities/.cd,
    file/.initial={DUMMY},
    width/.initial={0.6},
    caption/.initial={},
    label/.initial={},
}}
\newcommand\insertFigure[1]{%%
  \fig@set@defaults%%
  \fig@set@keys{#1}%%
  \bgroup\begin{subfigure}[b]{\fig@get{width}\textwidth}%%
    \centering%%
    \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{\fig@get{file}}%%
    \ifthenelse{\NOT\equal{\fig@get{caption}}{}}{%%
      \ifthenelse{\equal{\fig@get{caption}}{abc}}{%%
        \caption{}%%
      }{%%
        \caption{\fig@get{caption}}%%
      }%%
      \ifthenelse{\NOT\equal{\fig@get{label}}{}}{%%
        \label{\fig@get{label}}%%
      }{}%%
    }{}%%
  \end{subfigure}\egroup%%
}


\pgfkeys{/code/entities/.cd,
    file/.initial={},
    width/.initial={},
    caption/.initial={},
    label/.initial={},
}
\def\code@set@keys#1{\pgfkeys{/code/entities/.cd,#1}}
\def\code@get#1{\pgfkeysvalueof{/code/entities/#1}}
\def\code@set@defaults{\pgfkeys{/code/entities/.cd,
    file/.initial={DUMMY},
    width/.initial={0.6},
    caption/.initial={},
    label/.initial={},
}}
\newcommand\insertCode[1]{%%
  \code@set@defaults%%
  \code@set@keys{#1}%%
  \bgroup\begin{subfigure}[b]{\code@get{width}\textwidth}%%
    \centering%%
    \fcolorbox{lightgray}{lightgray}{%%
      \begin{minipage}[t]{0.98\textwidth}
        \hspace{0pt}\vspace{-1pt}%% hack to align \fbox with \lstinputlisting.
        \lstinputlisting[basicstyle=\ttfamily\scriptsize]%%
        {\code@get{file}}%%
      \end{minipage}%%
    }%%
    \ifthenelse{\NOT\equal{\code@get{caption}}{}}{%%
      \ifthenelse{\equal{\code@get{caption}}{abc}}{%%
        \caption{}%%
      }{%%
        \caption{\code@get{caption}}%%
      }%%
      \ifthenelse{\NOT\equal{\code@get{label}}{}}{%%
        \label{\code@get{label}}%%
      }{}%%
    }{}%%
  \end{subfigure}\egroup%%
}


\pgfkeys{/capt/entities/.cd,
  type/.initial={},
  caption/.initial={},
  label/.initial={},
}
\def\capt@set@keys#1{\pgfkeys{/capt/entities/.cd,#1}}
\def\capt@get#1{\pgfkeysvalueof{/capt/entities/#1}}
\def\capt@set@defaults{\pgfkeys{/capt/ent    type/.initial={Figure},
    caption/.initial={},
    label/.initial={},ities/.cd,
    type/.initial={Figure},
    caption/.initial={},
    label/.initial={},
}}
% counter for captions of type 'Figure' and 'Listing'
\newcounter{figurecounter}[chapter]
\newcounter{codecounter}[chapter]
\DeclareCaptionLabelFormat{figurefmt}{Figure~\thechapter.\thefigurecounter}
\DeclareCaptionLabelFormat{codefmt}{Listing~\thechapter.\thecodecounter}

\newcommand\insertCaption[1]{%%
  \capt@set@defaults%%
  \capt@set@keys{#1}%%
  \ifthenelse{\NOT\equal{\capt@get{caption}}{}}{%%
    \ifthenelse{\equal{\capt@get{type}}{Listing}}{%%
      \captionsetup{name=Listing}%%
      \refstepcounter{codecounter}%%
      \captionsetup{labelformat=codefmt}%%
    }{%%
      \captionsetup{name=Figure}%%
      \refstepcounter{figurecounter}%%
      \captionsetup{labelformat=figurefmt}%%
    }%%
    \ifthenelse{\equal{\capt@get{caption}}{abc}}{%%
      \caption{}%%
    }{%%
      \caption{\capt@get{caption}}%%
    }%%
    \ifthenelse{\NOT\equal{\capt@get{label}}{}}{%%
      \label{\capt@get{label}}%%
    }{}%%
  }{}%%
}

\NewDocumentCommand \displaycounter { O {figure} }
{%
  \texttt{\textbackslash the#1} is \csname the#1\endcsname
}
\newcommand\FloatingElements[1]{%%
  \displaycounter
  \begin{figure}[ht!]
    \displaycounter
    
    \centering#1
    
    \displaycounter
  \end{figure}\par
  \displaycounter
}

\begin{document}
\chapter{Chapter One}
\FloatingElements{
  \insertFigure{
    file={example-image-a},
    width=0.2,
    caption={abc},
  }\hfil
  \insertCode{
    file={indentfirst.sty},
    width=0.3,
    caption={abc},
    label={the-first-text}
  }
  
  \displaycounter
%   \displaycounter[lstlisting]
  \insertCaption{
    type=Figure,
    caption={This is a figure with some text, use the Figure counter.},
    label={group1},
  }
  
  \displaycounter
%   \displaycounter[lstlisting]
}

\FloatingElements{
  \insertCode{
    file={indentfirst.sty},
    width=0.8,
  }%%
  \insertCaption{
    type=Listing,
    caption={This is just text B, so use the Listing counter.},
    label={group2},
  }%%
}

\FloatingElements{
  \insertFigure{
    file={example-image-b},
    width=0.2,
  }%%
  \insertCaption{
    type=Figure,
    caption={This is just a figure, so use the Figure counter.},
    label={group3},
  }%%
}

\FloatingElements{
  \insertCode{
    file={indentfirst.sty},
    width=0.2,
    caption={abc},
    label={text-c}
  }\hfil%%
  \insertCode{
    file={indentfirst.sty},
    width=0.2,
    caption={abc},
  }%%
  \insertCaption{
    type=Listing,
    caption={These are texts C and D, so use the Listing counter.},
    label={group4},
  }%%
}\displaycounter

\textbf{Cross references:}

Figure~\ref{group1} has the figureA and textA. Listing~\ref{the-first-text} is within the same Figure~\ref{group1}.

Listing~\ref{group2} only has the textB.

Figure~\ref{group3} only has the figureB.

Listing~\ref{group4} has the texts C and D. And sub-listing~\ref{text-c} is textC.

\end{document}

Answer 1