Tikz - 如何在矩阵中嵌套节点以便它们可以连接？

Question

我想创建一个在单个矩阵单元中有多个节点的矩阵。这些节点应该彼此居中。我设法通过使用嵌套的 tikz 环境来实现这一点，如下所示：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[auto, semithick]
    \tikzstyle{block} = [rectangle, draw, 
        minimum width=5em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum
        height=4em] 

    \matrix[matrix of nodes, row sep = 2em,
    nodes={anchor=center}
    ] (mx2){
        % First row:
        label1
        & 
        \node{\tikz{
            \node[block](n1){node1}; 
            \node[block, right=of n1](n2){node2}; 
        }};
        \\
        % Second row:
        label2
        &
        \node{\tikz{
            \node[block] (n3) 
            {node 3};
            \node[block] (n4) [right=of n3] 
            {node 4};
            \node[block] (n5) [right=of n4] 
            {node 5};
        }};
        \\
        };
    \draw (n1) -- (n4); % this fails
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}  

现在由于嵌套的 tikz 环境，连接这些节点是不可能的。我曾尝试使用该fit库获取类似的图像，但未能成功。你们有人能帮我吗？

先感谢您。

Answer 1

一般情况下，可以使用remember picture选项并应用它全部图片，稍后应可访问。由于您的图片是嵌套的，并且选项是可继承的，因此remember picture仅应用于上层就足够了{tikzpicture}。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[auto, semithick, remember picture,
    block/.style={rectangle, draw, 
        minimum width=5em, text centered, rounded corners,
        minimum height=4em, text width=5em}
    ]
    \matrix[matrix of nodes, row sep = 2em,
    nodes={anchor=center}
    ] (mx2){
        % First row:
        label1
        & 
        \node{\tikz{
            \node[block] (n1) {node1}; 
            \node[block, right=of n1] (n2) {node2}; 
        }};
        \\
        % Second row:
        label2
        &
        \node{\tikz{
            \node[block] (n3) {node 3};
            \node[block] (n4) [right=of n3] {node 4};
            \node[block] (n5) [right=of n4] {node 5};
        }};
        \\
    };
    \draw (n1) -- (n4); % this works
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document} 

编译两次即可获得正确结果。

请注意，我\tikzstyle{block}用替换了block/.style这是首选方法。请参阅应该使用 \tikzset 还是 \tikzstyle 来定义 TikZ 样式？。

Answer 2

我认为matrix这里库是多余的（尽管我一直在滥用它）。直接使用也是可能的，而且（在我看来）更方便。positioning无论如何都会使用库，因此我们可以继续依赖它。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    block/.style={rectangle, draw, 
        minimum width=5em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum
        height=4em,text width=5em}
    ]
\node (l1) at (0,2) {label 1};
\node (l2) at (0,0) {label 2};
\node[right = 2.5cm of l1,block] (n1) {Node 1};
\node[right = of n1,block] (n2) {Node 2};
\node[right = 1cm of l2,block] (n3) {Node 3};
\node[right = of n3,block] (n4) {Node 4};
\node[block,right=of n4] (n5) {node 5};
\draw (n1) -- (n4); % this fails not :)
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

node distance请注意，您可以通过选项跟踪单独的定位和默认设置，就像在使用矩阵时需要<direction> = x cm of nodename做的那样。row sepcolumn sep

---

编辑正如 Altermundus 所评论的那样，您可以通过以预定义的坐标网格为中心来堆叠行

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[
    block/.style={rectangle, draw, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=4em}
    ]
\foreach \x in {0,...,2} \node[circle,inner sep=1mm,fill] (cent\x) at (2,2*\x) {}; 
%The center goes in between
\node[right=of cent0,block] (n1) {A very wide node 1};
\node[left =of cent0,block] (n2) {2};
%The center hits the node
\node[block] at (cent1) (n4) {node 4};
\node[block,left =of n4] (n3) {Also a quite wide node 3};
\node[block,right=of n4] (n5) {5};
\draw (n1) -- (n4); % this fails not :)
%This uses eyeballing after compiling. Choose the widest and adjust.Can be absolute too.
\node[left= of n3] (l2) {label 2};
\node (l1) at (l2 |- cent0){label 1};
\node (l3) at (l2 |- cent2){label 3};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 3

你可以避免图片嵌套

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[auto, semithick,remember picture,
    block/.style={rectangle, draw, 
        minimum width=5em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum
        height=4em,text width=5em}
    ]

    \matrix[matrix of nodes, row sep = 2em,
    nodes={anchor=center}
    ] (mx2){
        % First row:
        label1
        & 
          \node[block,right=1em,anchor=west](n1){node1}; 
          \node[block, right=of n1](n2){node2};         
        \\
        % Second row:
        label2
        &
            \node[block] (n3) {node 3};
            \node[block] (n4) [right=of n3] {node 4};
            \node[block] (n5) [right=of n4]  {node 5};
        \\
    };
    \draw (n1) -- (n4); % this fails
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}