仅对表格中的部分行进行着色

Question

假设你有这张表：

我想仅突出显示某些行的部分内容。例如，我想突出显示第四行，但是仅有的对于前六列，突出显示此行。然后对于后六列，我想突出显示最后一行。

我知道您可以使用\cellcolor{}，但对每一列都这样做似乎很繁琐。有没有更优雅的方法来只为一行中的特定单元格着色？

PS，我知道表格末尾有多余的空间，我必须修复它:)

以下是代码：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage[margin = 1in]{geometry}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[ht]

\centering
\def\arraystretch{1.5}

\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{lccccclccccc} \toprule
         & \multicolumn{5}{c}{$K$-means Clustering} &  &  \multicolumn{5}{c}{Hierarchical Clustering} \\ \cmidrule(r){2-6} \cmidrule(lr){8-12}
         & $\lambda$ & Misclass. & Deviance & Sig. Coef. & Sig. Groups & & $\lambda$ & Misclass. & Deviance & Sig. Coef. & Sig. Groups\\ \midrule
        $\alpha = 1$   & $0.05873092$ & $11/31$ & $1.730157$ & $1$ & $0$ & $\alpha = 1$   & $0.05873092$ & $11/31$ & $1.741681$ & $1$ & $0$ \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.8$ & $0.0281825$ & $8/31$ & $1.735783$ & $7$ & $1$ & $\alpha = 0.8$  & $0.02822086$ & $11/31$ & $1.732505$ & $108$ & $1$ \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.6$ & $0.02425659$ & $8/31$ & $1.711518$ & $26$ & $2$ & $\alpha = 0.6$ & $0.02380529$ & $11/31$ & $1.727994$ & $226$ & $1$ \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.4$ & $0.021494$ & $7/31$ & $1.706627$ & $29$ & $2$ & $\alpha = 0.4$   & $0.0214516$ & $11/31$ & $1.726991$ & $319$ & $1$ \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.2$ & $0.02001998$ & $7/31$ & $1.70708$ & $32$ & $2$ & $\alpha = 0.2$ & $0.02007049$ & $11/31$ & $1.72622$ & $393$ & $1$ \\
        $\alpha = 0$   & $0.01946719$ & $7/31$ & $1.707758$ & $36$ & $2$ & $\alpha = 0$   & $0.01921006$ & $11/31$ & $1.725663$ & $472$ & $1$ \\ \bottomrule
\end{tabularx}

\end{table}

\end{document}

编辑对 MWE 进行了编辑。

Answer 1

据我所知，该colortbl包仅提供轻松为整行或整列着色的方法。如果您只想为部分颜色着色，可以使用命令\cellcolor。如果您不想一遍又一遍地重复相同的颜色定义，可以使用缩写。（如果您以后决定要更改颜色，也可能会派上用场）。还请注意，我已删除了$原始示例代码中每个数字周围的多余部分。此外，我猜测了包的设置，geometry因为它们未在您的示例中给出。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\newcommand{\mycc}{\cellcolor{lightgray}}

\begin{document}
\begin{landscape}
\begin{table}[ht]
\centering 
\def\arraystretch{1.5}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{lccccclccccc} \toprule
         & \multicolumn{5}{c}{$K$-means Clustering} &  &  \multicolumn{5}{c}{Hierarchical Clustering} \\ \cmidrule(r){2-6} \cmidrule(lr){8-12}
         & $\lambda$ & Misclass. & Deviance & Sig. Coef. & Sig. Groups & & $\lambda$ & Misclass. & Deviance & Sig. Coef. & Sig. Groups\\ \midrule
        $\alpha = 1$   &  0.05873092  &  11/31  &  1.730157  &  1  &  0  & $\alpha = 1$   &  0.05873092  &  11/31  &  1.741681  &  1  &  0  \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.8$ &  0.0281825  &  8/31  &  1.735783  &  7  &  1  & $\alpha = 0.8$  &  0.02822086  &  11/31  &  1.732505  &  108  &  1  \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.6$ &  0.02425659  &  8/31  &  1.711518  &  26  &  2  & $\alpha = 0.6$ &  0.02380529  &  11/31  &  1.727994  &  226  &  1  \\ 
        \mycc$\alpha = 0.4$ & \mycc 0.021494  & \mycc 7/31  & \mycc 1.706627  & \mycc 29  & \mycc 2  & $\alpha = 0.4$   &  0.0214516  &  11/31  &  1.726991  &  319  &  1  \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.2$ &  0.02001998  &  7/31  &  1.70708  &  32  &  2  & $\alpha = 0.2$ &  0.02007049  &  11/31  &  1.72622  &  393  &  1  \\
        $\alpha = 0$   &  0.01946719  &  7/31  &  1.707758  &  36  &  2  & \mycc$\alpha = 0$   &  \mycc 0.01921006  &  \mycc 11/31  &  \mycc 1.725663  &  \mycc 472  &  \mycc 1  \\ \bottomrule
\end{tabularx}

\end{table}
\end{landscape}
\end{document}

---

您似乎已经注意到，即使表格内容没有那么宽，水平线也会一直延伸到右边距。这是由于您使用了tabularx我在上面的 MWE 中未更正的那个。如果您希望表格与文本宽度一样宽，并且愿意对表格进行轻微的重新设计，您可能会对以下 MWE 感兴趣（它也只需要一个\rowcolor命令来为上述单元格着色）：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}

\begin{document}


\begin{landscape}
\begin{table}[ht]
\centering 
\def\arraystretch{1.5}
\begin{tabular}{lccccc} \toprule
         & \multicolumn{5}{c}{Hierarchical Clustering} \\  \cmidrule(lr){2-6}
                       & $\lambda$ & Misclass. & Deviance & Sig. Coef. & Sig. Groups\\ \midrule
         $\alpha = 1$    &  0.05873092  &  11/31  &  1.741681  &  1  &  0  \\ 
         $\alpha = 0.8$  &  0.02822086  &  11/31  &  1.732505  &  108  &  1  \\ 
         $\alpha = 0.6$  &  0.02380529  &  11/31  &  1.727994  &  226  &  1  \\ 
         \rowcolor{lightgray}$\alpha = 0.4$  &  0.0214516   &  11/31  &  1.726991  &  319  &  1  \\ 
         $\alpha = 0.2$  &  0.02007049  &  11/31  &  1.72622   &  393  &  1  \\
          $\alpha = 0$    &  0.01921006  &  11/31  &  1.725663  &  472  &  1  \\ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\hfill
\begin{tabular}{lccccc} \toprule
         & \multicolumn{5}{c}{$K$-means Clustering}  \\ \cmidrule(r){2-6}
                       & $\lambda$    & Misclass. & Deviance   & Sig. Coef. & Sig. Groups \\ \midrule
        $\alpha = 1$   &  0.05873092  &  11/31    &  1.730157  &  1   &  0   \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.8$ &  0.0281825   &  8/31     &  1.735783  &  7   &  1   \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.6$ &  0.02425659  &  8/31     &  1.711518  &  26  &  2   \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.4$ &  0.021494    &  7/31     &  1.706627  &  29  &  2   \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.2$ &  0.02001998  &  7/31     &  1.70708   &  32  &  2   \\
        \rowcolor{lightgray} $\alpha = 0$   &  0.01946719  &  7/31     &  1.707758  &  36  &  2   \\ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{landscape}


\end{document}

---

从这次重新设计开始，您可能还需要重新考虑是否真的需要横向布局，因为您的表格可以完美地适应纵向页面的文本块（即使具有标准边距）：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}

\begin{document}


\begin{table}[ht]
\centering 
\def\arraystretch{1.5}
\begin{tabular}{lccccc} \toprule
         & \multicolumn{5}{c}{Hierarchical Clustering} \\  \cmidrule(lr){2-6}
                       & $\lambda$ & Misclass. & Deviance & Sig. Coef. & Sig. Groups\\ \midrule
         $\alpha = 1$    &  0.05873092  &  11/31  &  1.741681  &  1  &  0  \\ 
         $\alpha = 0.8$  &  0.02822086  &  11/31  &  1.732505  &  108  &  1  \\ 
         $\alpha = 0.6$  &  0.02380529  &  11/31  &  1.727994  &  226  &  1  \\ 
         \rowcolor{lightgray}$\alpha = 0.4$  &  0.0214516   &  11/31  &  1.726991  &  319  &  1  \\ 
         $\alpha = 0.2$  &  0.02007049  &  11/31  &  1.72622   &  393  &  1  \\
         $\alpha = 0$    & 0.01921006  &  11/31  &  1.725663  &  472  &  1  \\ \midrule
         & \multicolumn{5}{c}{ $K$-means Clustering}  \\ \cmidrule(r){2-6}
                       & $\lambda$    & Misclass. & Deviance   & Sig. Coef. & Sig. Groups \\ \midrule
        $\alpha = 1$   &  0.05873092  &  11/31    &  1.730157  &  1   &  0   \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.8$ &  0.0281825   &  8/31     &  1.735783  &  7   &  1   \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.6$ &  0.02425659  &  8/31     &  1.711518  &  26  &  2   \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.4$ &  0.021494    &  7/31     &  1.706627  &  29  &  2   \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.2$ &  0.02001998  &  7/31     &  1.70708   &  32  &  2   \\
        \rowcolor{lightgray}$\alpha = 0$   &  0.01946719  &  7/31     &  1.707758  &  36  &  2   \\ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}



\end{document}

---

最后，这是我个人想要的布局。在这里，我使用了包S中的类型列siunitx，以便将数字与小数点对齐，并使用它>{\(}l<{\)}自动设置数学模式下第一列的注释。

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{siunitx} 
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}[ht]
\centering 
\begin{tabular}{@{\quad}>{\(}l<{\)}S[table-format=1.8]cS[table-format=1.6]S[table-format=3]c} \toprule

                       & $\lambda$ & Misclass. & {Deviance} & {Sig. Coef.} & Sig. Groups\\ \midrule
         \multicolumn{6}{@{}l}{Hierarchical Clustering} \\ 
         \alpha = 1    & 0.05873092 & 11/31 & 1.741681 & 1 & 0 \\ 
         \alpha = 0.8  & 0.02822086 & 11/31 & 1.732505 & 108 & 1 \\ 
         \alpha = 0.6  & 0.02380529 & 11/31 & 1.727994 & 226 & 1 \\ 
         \rowcolor{lightgray}\alpha = 0.4  & 0.0214516  & 11/31 & 1.726991 & 319 & 1 \\ 
         \alpha = 0.2  & 0.02007049 & 11/31 & 1.72622  & 393 & 1 \\
         \alpha = 0    & 0.01921006 & 11/31 & 1.725663 & 472 & 1 \\ \midrule
        \multicolumn{6}{@{}l}{$K$-means Clustering}  \\ 
        \alpha = 1   & 0.05873092 & 11/31   & 1.730157 & 1  & 0  \\ 
        \alpha = 0.8 & 0.0281825  & 8/31    & 1.735783 & 7  & 1  \\ 
        \alpha = 0.6 & 0.02425659 & 8/31    & 1.711518 & 26 & 2  \\ 
        \alpha = 0.4 & 0.021494   & 7/31    & 1.706627 & 29 & 2  \\ 
        \alpha = 0.2 & 0.02001998 & 7/31    & 1.70708  & 32 & 2  \\
        \rowcolor{lightgray}\alpha = 0   & 0.01946719 & 7/31    & 1.707758 & 36 & 2  \\ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Answer 2

@leandriis 的一堆例子回答让我再举两个例子：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\newcommand{\mycc}{\cellcolor{lightgray}}
\newcommand{\myccs}[2]{\cellcolor{lightgray}{\tablenum[table-format=#1]{#2}}}
%---------------- show page layout. don't use in a real document!
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand\ShowFrameLinethickness{0.15pt}
\renewcommand*\ShowFrameColor{\color{red}}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}[ht]
\small
\caption{With use of \texttt{siunitx} and its option \texttt{tablenum} and \texttt{tabularx}}
\setlength\tabcolsep{2.4pt}
\centering
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}
                            >{\columncolor{white}[0pt][\tabcolsep]}l
                            S[table-format=1.8]
                            r
                            S[table-format=1.6]
                            S[table-format=3]
                            >{\centering}X
                            @{\quad}
                            l
                            S[table-format=1.8]
                            r
                            S[table-format=1.6]
                            S[table-format=3]
                            >{\columncolor{white}[\tabcolsep][0pt]\centering\arraybackslash}X
                            @{}}
                    \toprule
    & \multicolumn{5}{c}{$K$-means Clustering} &  
        &  \multicolumn{5}{c}{Hierarchical Clustering} \\ 
    \cmidrule(r){2-6} \cmidrule(r){8-12}
$\alpha$    & $\lambda$ & MC & {Deviance} & {SC} & SG   &
$\alpha$    & $\lambda$ & MC & {Deviance} & {SC} & SG   \\
    \midrule
1   &  0.05873092  &  11/31  &  1.730157  &   1 &  0  & 
1   &  0.05873092  &  11/31  &  1.741681  &   1 &  0    \\
0.8 &  0.0281825   &   8/31  &  1.735783  &   7 &  1  & 
0.8 &  0.02822086  &  11/31  &  1.732505  & 108 &  1    \\
0.6 &  0.02425659  &   8/31  &  1.711518  &  26 &  2  & 
0.6 &  0.02380529  &  11/31  &  1.727994  & 226 &  1    \\
\mycc{0.4} 
    & \myccs{1.8}{0.021494}  
        & \mycc{7/31} 
            & \myccs{1.6}{1.706627}  
                & \myccs{3}{29}    
                    & \mycc{2}  &
0.4 &  0.0214516    & 11/31  & 1.726991   & 319 &  1   \\
0.2 &  0.02001998  &  7/31   &  1.70708   &  32 &  2  & 
0.2 &  0.02007049  & 11/31   &  1.72622   & 393 &  1    \\
0   &  0.01946719  &  7/31   &  1.707758  &  36 &  2  & 
\mycc{0}  
    & \myccs{1.8}{0.01921006} 
        & \mycc{11/31}
            & \myccs{1.6}{1.725663}  
                & \myccs{3}{472} 
                    & \mycc{1}  \\ 
\midrule[\heavyrulewidth]
\multicolumn{12}{p{\linewidth}}{
    MC: Missclass.,
    SG: Sig. Coef.,
    SG: Sig. Groups}
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[ht]
\caption{With use of \texttt{siunitx} and \texttt{tabular}}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{S[table-format=1.1]
                S[table-format=1.8]
                c
                S[table-format=1.6]
                S[table-format=3]
                c} 
    \toprule
$\alpha$    & $\lambda$ & Misclass. & {Deviance} & {Sig. Coef.} & Sig. Groups\\ 
    \midrule
\multicolumn{6}{@{}l}{Hierarchical Clustering}                          \\
1    & 0.05873092 & 11/31 & 1.741681 & 1   & 0 \\
0.8  & 0.02822086 & 11/31 & 1.732505 & 108 & 1 \\
0.6  & 0.02380529 & 11/31 & 1.727994 & 226 & 1 \\
    \rowcolor{lightgray}
0.4  & 0.0214516  & 11/31 & 1.726991 & 319 & 1 \\
0.2  & 0.02007049 & 11/31 & 1.72622  & 393 & 1 \\
0    & 0.01921006 & 11/31 & 1.725663 & 472 & 1 \\ 
\midrule
\multicolumn{6}{@{}l}{$K$-means Clustering}   \\
1   & 0.05873092 & 11/31   & 1.730157 & 1  & 0  \\
0.8 & 0.0281825  & 8/31    & 1.735783 & 7  & 1  \\
0.6 & 0.02425659 & 8/31    & 1.711518 & 26 & 2  \\
0.4 & 0.021494   & 7/31    & 1.706627 & 29 & 2  \\
0.2 & 0.02001998 & 7/31    & 1.70708  & 32 & 2  \\
    \rowcolor{lightgray}
0   & 0.01946719 & 7/31    & 1.707758 & 36 & 2  \\ 
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

（红线表示文本边框）

Answer 3

该软件包提供了与传统环境类似的nicematrix环境，但具有更多功能。特别是，您可以使用命令来为数组的矩形区域着色。此外，无论您使用哪种 PDF 查看器，都不会看到细白线。{NiceTabular}{tabular}\rectanglecolor

\documentclass[landscape]{article}
\usepackage{nicematrix}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage[margin = 1in]{geometry}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[ht]

\centering
\def\arraystretch{1.5}
\begin{NiceTabular}{lccccclccccc} 
\CodeBefore  
  \rectanglecolor{lightgray}{6-1}{6-6}
  \rectanglecolor{lightgray}{8-7}{8-12}
\Body
\toprule
         & \multicolumn{5}{c}{$K$-means Clustering} &  &  \multicolumn{5}{c}{Hierarchical Clustering} \\ \cmidrule(r){2-6} \cmidrule(lr){8-12}
         & $\lambda$ & Misclass. & Deviance & Sig. Coef. & Sig. Groups & & $\lambda$ & Misclass. & Deviance & Sig. Coef. & Sig. Groups\\ \midrule
        $\alpha = 1$   & $0.05873092$ & $11/31$ & $1.730157$ & $1$ & $0$ & $\alpha = 1$   & $0.05873092$ & $11/31$ & $1.741681$ & $1$ & $0$ \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.8$ & $0.0281825$ & $8/31$ & $1.735783$ & $7$ & $1$ & $\alpha = 0.8$  & $0.02822086$ & $11/31$ & $1.732505$ & $108$ & $1$ \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.6$ & $0.02425659$ & $8/31$ & $1.711518$ & $26$ & $2$ & $\alpha = 0.6$ & $0.02380529$ & $11/31$ & $1.727994$ & $226$ & $1$ \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.4$ & $0.021494$ & $7/31$ & $1.706627$ & $29$ & $2$ & $\alpha = 0.4$   & $0.0214516$ & $11/31$ & $1.726991$ & $319$ & $1$ \\ 
        $\alpha = 0.2$ & $0.02001998$ & $7/31$ & $1.70708$ & $32$ & $2$ & $\alpha = 0.2$ & $0.02007049$ & $11/31$ & $1.72622$ & $393$ & $1$ \\
        $\alpha = 0$   & $0.01946719$ & $7/31$ & $1.707758$ & $36$ & $2$ & $\alpha = 0$   & $0.01921006$ & $11/31$ & $1.725663$ & $472$ & $1$ \\ \bottomrule
\end{NiceTabular}

\end{table}

\end{document}

您需要多次编译（因为nicematrix在后台使用 PGF/Tikz 节点）。