居中箭头

Question

我需要将“验证评级”指向训练的箭头置于中心。我还需要使从“训练”指向“拟合模型”的箭头接触该框。最后但并非最不重要的是，我想在“训练验证”框下方添加第二个矩形，上面写着“训练测试”

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,fit}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\makeatletter
\pgfkeys{/pgf/.cd, % from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/12039/121799
  parallelepiped offset x/.initial=2mm,
  parallelepiped offset y/.initial=2mm
}
\pgfdeclareshape{parallelepiped}
{
  \inheritsavedanchors[from=rectangle] % this is nearly a rectangle
  \inheritanchorborder[from=rectangle]
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north east}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{center}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{east}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{mid}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{mid west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{mid east}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{base}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{base west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{base east}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south east}
  \backgroundpath{
    % store lower right in xa/ya and upper right in xb/yb
    \southwest \pgf@xa=\pgf@x \pgf@ya=\pgf@y
    \northeast \pgf@xb=\pgf@x \pgf@yb=\pgf@y
    \pgfmathsetlength\pgfutil@tempdima{\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/parallelepiped offset x}}
    \pgfmathsetlength\pgfutil@tempdimb{\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/parallelepiped offset y}}
    \def\ppd@offset{\pgfpoint{\pgfutil@tempdima}{\pgfutil@tempdimb}}
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathclose
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointadd{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@ya}}{\ppd@offset}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointadd{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}{\ppd@offset}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointadd{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@yb}}{\ppd@offset}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointadd{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}{\ppd@offset}}
  }
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[standard/.style={minimum width=3cm,draw,align=center},
font=\tiny]
 \begin{scope}[local bounding box=boxes]
  \node[standard,minimum height=4cm] (TS) {Training \\ ratings};
  \node[standard,below=-\pgflinewidth\space of TS] (VS) {Validation \\ ratings};
  \node[standard,below=-\pgflinewidth\space of VS] (TeS) {Test ratings};
  \path (TeS.south west) -- (TS.north west) node[midway,left]{Users};
  \path (TS.north west) -- (TS.north east) node[midway,above]{Products};
  \node[right=1.5cm of TeS.north east,standard] (T1) {Training};
  \node[right=-\pgflinewidth\space of T1,standard,minimum width=1cm] (TT1) {Validation};
  \node[above=1.5cm of T1,standard] (T2) {Training};
  \node[right=-\pgflinewidth\space of T2,standard,minimum width=1cm] (TT2){0};
  \node[above=1.5cm of T2,align=center,inner
  xsep=1.5em] (PE) {Fit\\ Model};
  \node[yscale=1.1,parallelepiped,draw,fit=(PE),inner sep=0pt]{};
  \node[right=3cm of PE,standard] (PR) {Ped ratings};
  \node[below=1cm of PR,standard,rounded corners=1em] (CEM) {Evaluation \\ metrics};
 \end{scope}
 \begin{scope}[-latex,thick]
  \draw (VS.east) -- (T1.west);
  \draw (T1) -- (T2) node[midway,right]{Hide validation ratings};
  \draw[shorten >=1mm] (T2) -- (PE) node[midway,right]{Feed Model};
  \draw[shorten <=1mm] (PE) -- (PR);
  \draw (PR) -- (CEM);
  \draw[rounded corners] (TT1.east) -- ++ (2em,0) |- (CEM);
 \end{scope}
 \begin{scope}[nodes={text width=3.5cm,align=center}]
  \node[below] at (boxes.south-|TS) {Bablabla.}; 
  \node[below] at ([xshift=5mm]T1|-boxes.south) {Blablablba};
  \node[below] at (CEM|-boxes.south) {Blablablba};
 \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture} 
\end{document} 

Answer 1

出于某种原因，这段代码对我来说看起来很熟悉。

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,fit,calc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\makeatletter
\pgfkeys{/pgf/.cd, % from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/12039/121799
  parallelepiped offset x/.initial=2mm,
  parallelepiped offset y/.initial=2mm
}
\pgfdeclareshape{parallelepiped}
{
  \inheritsavedanchors[from=rectangle] % this is nearly a rectangle
  \inheritanchorborder[from=rectangle]
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north east}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{center}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{east}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{mid}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{mid west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{mid east}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{base}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{base west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{base east}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south east}
  \backgroundpath{
    % store lower right in xa/ya and upper right in xb/yb
    \southwest \pgf@xa=\pgf@x \pgf@ya=\pgf@y
    \northeast \pgf@xb=\pgf@x \pgf@yb=\pgf@y
    \pgfmathsetlength\pgfutil@tempdima{\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/parallelepiped offset x}}
    \pgfmathsetlength\pgfutil@tempdimb{\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/parallelepiped offset y}}
    \def\ppd@offset{\pgfpoint{\pgfutil@tempdima}{\pgfutil@tempdimb}}
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathclose
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointadd{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@ya}}{\ppd@offset}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointadd{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}{\ppd@offset}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointadd{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@yb}}{\ppd@offset}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointadd{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}{\ppd@offset}}
  }
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[standard/.style={minimum width=3cm,minimum height=1.11em,draw,align=center},
font=\tiny]
 \begin{scope}[local bounding box=boxes]
  \node[standard,minimum height=4cm] (TS) {Training \\ ratings};
  \node[standard,below=-\pgflinewidth\space of TS] (VS) {Validation \\ ratings};
  \node[standard,below=-\pgflinewidth\space of VS] (TeS) {Test ratings};
  \path (TeS.south west) -- (TS.north west) node[midway,left]{Users};
  \path (TS.north west) -- (TS.north east) node[midway,above]{Products};
  \node[right=1.5cm of VS,standard] (T1) {Training};
  \node[right=-\pgflinewidth\space of T1,standard,minimum width=1cm] (TT1) {Validation};
  \node[right=1.5cm of TeS,standard] (T3) {Training};
  \path let \p1=($(TT1.north east)-(TT1.south west)$) in 
  node[right=-\pgflinewidth\space of T3,standard,minimum width=\x1] (TT3) {Test};
  \node[above=1.5cm of T1,standard] (T2) {Training};
  \path let \p1=($(TT1.north east)-(TT1.south west)$) in
   node[right=-\pgflinewidth\space of T2,standard,minimum width=\x1] (TT2){0};
  \node[above=1.5cm of T2,align=center,inner
  xsep=1.5em,inner ysep=1mm] (PE) {Fit\\ Model};
  \node[parallelepiped,draw,fit=(PE),inner sep=0pt](PEF){};
  \node[right=3cm of PE,standard] (PR) {Ped ratings};
  \node[below=1cm of PR,standard,rounded corners=1em] (CEM) {Evaluation \\ metrics};
 \end{scope}
 \begin{scope}[-latex,thick]
  \draw (VS.east) -- (T1.west);
  \draw (TeS.east) -- (T3.west);
  \draw (T1) -- (T2) node[midway,right]{Hide validation ratings};
  \draw[shorten >=1mm] (T2) -- ([yshift=1mm]PEF.south) node[midway,right]{Feed Model};
  \draw[shorten <=1mm] (PE) -- (PR);
  \draw (PR) -- (CEM);
  \draw[rounded corners] (TT1.east) -- ++ (2em,0) |- (CEM);
  \draw[rounded corners] (TT3.east) -- ++ (2em,0) |- (CEM);
 \end{scope}
 \begin{scope}[nodes={text width=3.5cm,align=center}]
  \node[below] at (boxes.south-|TS) {Bablabla.}; 
  \node[below] at ([xshift=5mm]T1|-boxes.south) {Blablablba};
  \node[below] at (CEM|-boxes.south) {Blablablba};
 \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture} 
\end{document} 

附录：这是对 Zarko 帖子的扩展评论。使用的想法append after command很好，如果不是因为 里面有一条路径\pgfextra，我会给 +1，pgfmanual 对此进行了说明

请注意，此操作仅应由真正的专家使用，并且仅应在巧妙的宏内部深处使用，而不能在正常路径上使用。

没有必要这样做。您甚至可以使用append after command来定义样式poor mans parallelepiped（并使用 避免硬编码距离calc）。它被称为“穷人的平行六面体”，因为它没有形状的锚点这个答案有。请注意，为了使用这种风格，您需要说明\draw node[poor mans parallelepiped,...] ...while\node[poor mans parallelepiped,...] ...不起作用。

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,fit,calc}
\usepackage{lmodern}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[standard/.style={minimum width=3cm,minimum height=1.11em,draw,align=center},
poor mans parallelepiped/.style={standard,append after command={%
let \p1=($(\tikzlastnode.north east)-(\tikzlastnode.south west)$) in
(\tikzlastnode.north west) -- ++ (30:0.3) -- ++ (\x1,0) 
-- (\tikzlastnode.north east) 
(\tikzlastnode.south east) -- ++ (30:0.3) -- ++(0,\y1) }},
font=\tiny]
 \begin{scope}[local bounding box=boxes]
  \node[standard,minimum height=4cm] (TS) {Training \\ ratings};
  \node[standard,below=-\pgflinewidth\space of TS] (VS) {Validation \\ ratings};
  \node[standard,below=-\pgflinewidth\space of VS] (TeS) {Test ratings};
  \path (TeS.south west) -- (TS.north west) node[midway,left]{Users};
  \path (TS.north west) -- (TS.north east) node[midway,above]{Products};
  \node[right=1.5cm of VS,standard] (T1) {Training};
  \node[right=-\pgflinewidth\space of T1,standard,minimum width=1cm] (TT1) {Validation};
  \node[right=1.5cm of TeS,standard] (T3) {Training};
  \path let \p1=($(TT1.north east)-(TT1.south west)$) in 
  node[right=-\pgflinewidth\space of T3,standard,minimum width=\x1] (TT3) {Test};
  \node[above=1.5cm of T1,standard] (T2) {Training};
  \path let \p1=($(TT1.north east)-(TT1.south west)$) in
   node[right=-\pgflinewidth\space of T2,standard,minimum width=\x1] (TT2){0};
  \draw node[above=1.5cm of T2,align=center,poor mans parallelepiped] (PE) 
  {Fit\\ Model};
  \node[right=3cm of PE,standard] (PR) {Ped ratings};
  \node[below=1cm of PR,standard,rounded corners=1em] (CEM) {Evaluation \\ metrics};
 \end{scope}
 \begin{scope}[-latex,thick]
  \draw (VS.east) -- (T1.west);
  \draw (TeS.east) -- (T3.west);
  \draw (T1) -- (T2) node[midway,right]{Hide validation ratings};
  \draw[shorten >=1mm] (T2) -- ([yshift=1mm]PE.south) node[midway,right]{Feed Model};
  \draw[shorten <=1mm] (PE) -- (PR);
  \draw (PR) -- (CEM);
  \draw[rounded corners] (TT1.east) -- ++ (2em,0) |- (CEM);
  \draw[rounded corners] (TT3.east) -- ++ (2em,0) |- (CEM);
 \end{scope}
 \begin{scope}[nodes={text width=3.5cm,align=center}]
  \node[below] at (boxes.south-|TS) {Bablabla.}; 
  \node[below] at ([xshift=5mm]T1|-boxes.south) {Blablablba};
  \node[below] at (CEM|-boxes.south) {Blablablba};
 \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture} 
\end{document}  

Answer 2

使用 TikZ 库和 时shapes.multipart，大多是离题的建议：quotespositioning

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                positioning,
                quotes,
                shapes.multipart}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\newcommand\textbox[2]{%
    \parbox[c][#1][c]{\linewidth}{\centering#2}}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
    node distance = 2mm and 11mm,
  standard/.style = {draw, minimum width=#1, minimum height=1.11em,
                     align=center, inner sep=1mm, outer sep=0pt},
standard/.default = 24mm,
      mpnv/.style = {rectangle split, rectangle split parts=3,
                     draw, text width=3cm, align=center},
      mpnh/.style = {rectangle split,rectangle split horizontal,
                     rectangle split parts=2, align=center,
                     draw},
        tw/.style = {text width=#1},
every edge/.style = {draw, semithick, ->},
                > = Stealth,
every edge quotes/.style = {font=\scriptsize, align=left,  auto=right},
             font = \footnotesize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont
           ]
\node (n1) [mpnv,
            label=Products,
            label=left:Users,
            label=below:bla bla bla]
    {
    \nodepart{one}  \textbox{4cm}{Training\\
                                  ratings}
    \nodepart{two}              Validation\\ ratings
    \nodepart{three}            Test ratings
    };
\node (t1) [mpnh, right=of n1.three east,
            label=below: blablablabla]
    {\nodepart[tw=13mm]{one}    Training
     \nodepart[tw=15mm]{two}    Test
     };
\node (t2) [mpnh, right=of n1.two east]
    {\nodepart[tw=13mm]{one}    Training
     \nodepart[tw=15mm]{two}    Validation
     };
\node (t3) [mpnh, right=of n1.one east]
    {\nodepart[tw=13mm]{one}    Training
     \nodepart[tw=15mm]{two}    0
     };
\draw[line join=round] 
    node (t4) [standard=12mm, below=of n1.north -| t3.one north,
    append after command={\pgfextra{\let\LN\tikzlastnode} 
      (\LN.north west) -- ++ (30:0.3)-- ++ (12mm,0) coordinate (aux) 
                       -- (\LN.north east)
      (\LN.south east) -- ++ (30:0.3) -- (aux) 
                         }]     {Fit\\ Model};          
\node (pr) [standard, 
            right=of t4 -| t3.east]  {Ped ratings};
\node (em) [standard,rounded corners=1em,
            above=of t3-| pr]       {Evaluation \\ metrics};
\node[below=of t1-| em] {Bla bla blabla};
%
\draw   (n1.three east) edge (t1) 
        (n1.two east)   edge (t2) 
        (t2.one north) edge["Hide\\ validation\\ ratings"]    (t3.one south)
        (t3.one north) edge["Feed\\ Model"]                 (t4)
        (pr) edge   (em);
\draw[shorten <=1mm]  (t4) edge   (pr);

\draw[rounded corners,->]   (t1.east) -- ++ (6mm,0) |- (em);
\draw[rounded corners,->]   (t2.east) -- ++ (6mm,0) |- (em);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}