TikZ 自动编号框形式

Question

我正在创建一个带编号的方框形式，用于有限字写作练习，其中一个单元代表一个字符。每个单元都有一个上框和下框。上框将容纳字符，下框将容纳代表字符的数字。一个单元如下所示：

目前表单的字符限制为 80 个字符。到目前为止，我已经手动制作了 12 个框，这很乏味。这是 100% 缩放时的输出：

以下是 MWE：

\documentclass[a4paper]{scrbook}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\begin{document}

\tikzstyle{box_upper}=[rectangle, draw, anchor=south, text centered, minimum width=8mm, minimum height=8mm]%

\tikzstyle{box_lower}=[rectangle, draw, anchor=north west, text centered, minimum width=8mm, minimum height=4mm]%

\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[box_lower] (a) at (0,0) {1}; 
\node[box_upper] (x1) at (a.north) {};
%
\node[box_lower] (b) at (a.north east) {2};
\node[box_upper] (x2) at (b.north) {};
%
\node[box_lower] (c) at (b.north east) {3};
\node[box_upper] (x3) at (c.north) {};
%
\node[box_lower] (d) at (c.north east) {4};
\node[box_upper] (x4) at (d.north) {};
%
\node[box_lower] (e) at (d.north east) {5};
\node[box_upper] (x5) at (e.north) {};
%
\node[box_lower] (f) at (e.north east) {6};
\node[box_upper] (x6) at (f.north) {};
%
\node[box_lower] (g) at (f.north east) {7};
\node[box_upper] (x7) at (g.north) {};
%
\node[box_lower] (h) at (g.north east) {8};
\node[box_upper] (x8) at (h.north) {};
%
\node[box_lower] (i) at (h.north east) {9};
\node[box_upper] (x9) at (i.north) {};
%
\node[box_lower] (j) at (i.north east) {10};
\node[box_upper] (x10) at (j.north) {};
%
\node[box_lower] (k) at (0,-2) {11};
\node[box_upper] (x11) at (k.north) {};
%
\node[box_lower] (l) at (k.north east) {12};
\node[box_upper] (x12) at (l.north) {};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

我的问题是：

1. 出于好奇，这是正确的方法吗？还有其他方法可以达到相同的效果吗？

2. 有人能制作一个自动化版本吗？每 20 个框后换行一次？可能吗？

3. 将来我计划重新使用这个方框形式作为手写练习表，方法是：

   a. 增大上部盒子的宽度和高度。

   b. 增加字符限制，比如说 300 个字符。

   c. 第 10 个框后分行。

   如果可能的话，这些可改变的因素是否也可以包含在自动化版本中？

Answer 1

您可以使用循环。

\documentclass[a4paper]{scrbook}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \def\totalbox{80}
  \def\breakat{20}
  \def\boxheight{.7cm}
  \def\boxwidth{.7cm}
  \def\numheight{.4cm}
  \tikzset{
    box/.style={
      inner sep=0pt,draw,minimum height=\boxheight,
      minimum width=\boxwidth
    },
    num/.style={
      draw,font=\sffamily\scriptsize,minimum width=\boxwidth,
      inner sep=0pt,minimum height=\numheight
    }
  }
  \foreach \i [parse=true] in {1,...,\totalbox/\breakat} {% thanks to Schrodinger's cat!
    \coordinate (\i-0) at (0,-\i*\boxheight*2.2);
    \foreach \j [count=\k from 0] in {1,...,\breakat} {
      \path (\i-\k.east) node[right,box] (\i-\j) {};
      \pgfmathtruncatemacro\output{\breakat*(\i-1)+\j}
      \path (\i-\j.south) node[below,num] {\output};
    }
  }
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

回答您的问题：

1. 不，我认为使用循环（pgffor）是正确的方法。
2. 嗯，见上文。它是自动化的。
3. \totalbox更改、\breakat、\boxheight和的值\boxwidth以\numwidth查看变化。

一些说明：

1. 不要使用\tikzstyle。它已被弃用。请改用\tikzset，就像我在上面的代码中所做的那样。

Answer 2

概念上类似于Fractal 的答案因为它使用循环。这里是一个循环并使用mod。这定义了一个图片，允许您设置n框的数量和pr每行的框数量。

\documentclass[a4paper]{scrbook}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}

\tikzset{box_upper/.style={rectangle, draw, anchor=south, text centered, minimum
width=8mm, minimum height=8mm},
box_lower/.style={rectangle, draw, anchor=north west, text centered, minimum
width=8mm, minimum height=4mm},
pics/numbered box/.style={code={
\tikzset{numbered box/.cd,#1}
\def\pv##1{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/numbered box/##1}} 
\foreach \X in {1,...,\pv{n}}
{\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Z}{Mod(\X,\pv{pr})}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Y}{-2*int((\X-1)/\pv{pr})}
\ifnum\Z=1
\node[box_lower] (y\X) at (0,\Y) {\X}; 
\else
\node[box_lower] (y\X) at (y\the\numexpr\X-1\relax.north east) {\X};
\fi
\node[box_upper] (x\X) at (y\X.north) {};}}},
numbered box/.cd,n/.initial=20,pr/.initial=10
}%
\noindent
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pic{numbered box={n=30,pr=18}};
\end{tikzpicture}

\bigskip\bigskip\bigskip\bigskip
\noindent
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pic{numbered box={n=50,pr=15}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

如果希望每行有 20 个框，则需要使页面更宽或者使框更小，以避免出现水平框过满的警告。

\documentclass[a4paper]{scrbook}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}

\tikzset{box_upper/.style={rectangle, draw, anchor=south, text centered, minimum
width=8mm, minimum height=8mm},
box_lower/.style={rectangle, draw, anchor=north west, text centered, minimum
width=8mm, minimum height=4mm},
pics/numbered box/.style={code={
\tikzset{numbered box/.cd,#1}
\def\pv##1{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/numbered box/##1}} 
\foreach \X in {1,...,\pv{n}}
{\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Z}{Mod(\X,\pv{pr})}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Y}{-2*int((\X-1)/\pv{pr})}
\ifnum\Z=1
\node[box_lower] (y\X) at (0,\Y) {\X}; 
\else
\node[box_lower] (y\X) at (y\the\numexpr\X-1\relax.north east) {\X};
\fi
\node[box_upper] (x\X) at (y\X.north) {};}}},
numbered box/.cd,n/.initial=20,pr/.initial=10
}%
\noindent
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9,transform shape]
\pic{numbered box={n=30,pr=20}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}