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如何绘制一个框（图表？），框内有文字？

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如何绘制一个框（图表？），框内有文字？

在 latex 中画几个框并在框内写上文字是否更容易？我觉得 latex 看起来更美观，而不是在 Words 文档中绘图然后另存为图片并将图片插入 latex。

我想要如下的框：

在此处输入图片描述

答案1

作为tikz图像，使用fit和matrix库和enumitem包：

\documentclass[tikz, margin=5mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{fit,
                matrix}
\usepackage{enumitem}

\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\setlist[itemize]{nosep,     
                  leftmargin = *         ,
                  before     = \vspace{-0.4\baselineskip},
                     }
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
F/.style args = {#1/#2/#3}{draw, fill=#1, 
                           label={[text width=120mm,
                                   text=#2,
                                   align=center]center:#3},
                           inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt,
                           node contents={}
                          },
        font = \sffamily
                        ]
\matrix (m) [matrix of nodes,
             nodes in empty cells,
             nodes={thin, draw,
                    minimum height=4ex, text width=30mm, 
                    inner sep=1mm, outer sep=0pt, anchor=north},
             column sep=2mm,
                row sep=2mm,
                row 3/.style = {nodes={fill=black, text=white}},
                row 4/.style = {nodes={minimum height=5.4\baselineskip}},
                row 5/.style = {row sep=\pgflinewidth,
                                nodes={fill=black, text=white}},
             ]
{   
    &       &       &       \\
    &       &       &       \\
Primary Objectives  
    & Experimental design   
            & Fixed Section/Part    
                    & Testing Variables   \\    
    \begin{itemize}
\item   first item
\item   second item
\item   third item has at least two lines
    \end{itemize}\vfill
    &    \begin{itemize}
    \item   first item
    \item   second item
    \item   third item has at least two lines
    \item   forth item
        \end{itemize}
        &    \begin{itemize}
        \item   first item
        \item   second item
        \item   third item has at least two lines
        \item   forth item
            \end{itemize}
            &    \begin{itemize}
            \item   first item
            \item   second item
            \item   third item has at least two lines
            \item   forth item
                \end{itemize}   \\
    &       &       &           \\
    &       &       &           \\[4mm]
    &       &       &           \\
    &       &       &          \\
};
\node[F=gray!30/black/Study 1,
      fit=(m-1-1) (m-1-4)];
\node[F=white/black/{Aim: Investigate the peformance /
                          and some more text},
      fit=(m-2-1) (m-2-4)];
\node[F=black/white/Hyaphotesis,
      fit=(m-5-1) (m-5-4)];
\node[F=white/black/\begin{itemize}
                \item   H1: Investigate the peformance
                \item   H2: Investigate the peformance
                    \end{itemize},
    minimum height=2\baselineskip,
    fit=(m-6-1) (m-6-4)];
\node[F=gray!30/black/Study 2,
      fit=(m-7-1) (m-7-4)];
\node[F=white/black/{Aim: Investigate the peformance /
                          and some more text},
      fit=(m-8-1) (m-8-4)];
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

注意：如果您想在图表中添加更多“适合”节点，例如节点

 \node[F=gray!30/black/Study 3, fit=(m-9-1) (m-9-4)];

您需要先将矩阵扩展一行并使其具有空单元格。

答案2

以下内容tabularx可作为起点：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage{calc}
\usepackage{hhline}

\begin{document}
\noindent
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{|*{3}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X|c|}X|}
\hline
\multicolumn{7}{|>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{\textwidth-2\tabcolsep-2\arrayrulewidth}|}{\cellcolor{gray}Study 1}\\
\hline
\multicolumn{7}{c}{}\\
\hline
\multicolumn{7}{|>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{\textwidth-2\tabcolsep-2\arrayrulewidth}|}{Aim: some text here}\\
\hline
\multicolumn{7}{c}{}\\
\hhline{-~-~-~-}
\cellcolor{black}\textcolor{white}{Primary Objectives} && \cellcolor{black}\textcolor{white}{Experimental Design} && \cellcolor{black}\textcolor{white} {Fixed Section/ Part} && \cellcolor{black}\textcolor{white} {Testing Variables}\\
\hhline{-~-~-~-}
\multicolumn{7}{c}{}\\
\hhline{-~-~-~-}
 some text here &&  some other text here &&  more in this cell &&  additional text here\\
 \hhline{-~-~-~-}
 \multicolumn{7}{c}{}\\
 \hline
\multicolumn{7}{|>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{\textwidth-2\tabcolsep-2\arrayrulewidth}|}{\cellcolor{black}\textcolor{white}{Hypothesis}}\\
\hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}

答案3

我认为 leandriis 的答案是正确的，但是如果你想使用 Ti钾Z，使用矩阵。然后您可以使用辅助文件来同步相关维度。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,calc,positioning}
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\WriteAux}[1]{%
\immediate\write\@mainaux{\xdef\string#1{#1}\relax}}
\makeatother
\pgfkeys{initialize dimension/.code={\unless\ifdefined#1
 \def#1{0pt}
 \fi}}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\centering
 \begin{tikzpicture}[font=\sffamily,node distance=1ex]
  \pgfkeys{initialize dimension/.list={\myheightA,\myheightB,\mywidth}}
  \node[draw,text width=\mywidth,align=center,fill=gray](Study){Study 1};
  \node[below=of Study,draw,text width=\mywidth,align=center](aim){Aim: Investigate the
  performance\,/\,Investigate Investigate Investigate Investigate};
  \node[below=of aim,matrix of nodes,nodes={text width=0.2\textwidth,align=left,
      fill,text=white,minimum height=\myheightA,inner sep=2pt,anchor=north},
    column sep=1ex,inner sep=0pt] (matA) {
    {Primary Objectives} &
    {Experimental design} &
    {Fixed Section/Part} &
    {Primary Objectives} \\
  };
  \node[below=of matA,matrix of nodes,nodes={text width=0.2\textwidth,align=left,
      draw,minimum height=\myheightB,inner sep=2pt,anchor=north},
    column sep=1ex,inner sep=0pt] (matB) {
  {\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\begin{itemize}
  \item bla
  \item blub
  \end{itemize}} &
  {\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\begin{itemize}
  \item bla
  \item blub
  \end{itemize}} &
  {\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\begin{itemize}
  \item bla
  \item blub
  \item pft
  \end{itemize}} &
  {\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\begin{itemize}
  \item bla
  \item blub
  \end{itemize}} \\
  };
  \node[below=of matB,text width=\mywidth,fill,text=white,draw,align=center] (Hypo)
   {Hypotheses};
  \node[below=0pt of Hypo,text width=\mywidth,align=left,draw] (Pft)
   {\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\begin{itemize}
  \item bla
  \item blub
  \end{itemize}};
  \node[below=1.5em of Pft,draw,text width=\mywidth,align=center,fill=gray](Study2){Study 2};
  \node[below=of Study2,draw,text width=\mywidth,align=center](aim2){Aim: Investigate the
  performance\,/\,Investigate Investigate Investigate Investigate};
  % book keeping:
  \path let \p1=($(matB-1-1.north)-(matB-1-1.south)$),
      \p2=($(matB-1-2.north)-(matB-1-2.south)$),
      \p3=($(matB-1-3.north)-(matB-1-3.south)$),
      \p4=($(matB-1-4.north)-(matB-1-4.south)$),
      \n1={max(\y1,\y2,\y3,\y4)},
      \p5=($(matB.east)-(matB.west)$),
      \p6=($(matA-1-1.north)-(matA-1-1.south)$),
      \p7=($(matA-1-2.north)-(matA-1-2.south)$),
      \p8=($(matA-1-3.north)-(matA-1-3.south)$),
      \p9=($(matA-1-4.north)-(matA-1-4.south)$),
      \n2={max(\y6,\y7,\y8,\y9)}     in
  \pgfextra{\pgfmathsetmacro{\mywidth}{\x5-8pt}\edef\mywidth{\mywidth pt}\edef\myheightA{\n2}\edef\myheightB{\n1}%
      \WriteAux{\mywidth}\WriteAux{\myheightA}\WriteAux{\myheightB}};
 \end{tikzpicture}
 \caption{Some table.}
\end{table}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案4

对于这种清晰的结构，我认为使用 atcbraster或tcbitemizefrom更容易tcolorbox。这里有一个起点示例：

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[most]{tcolorbox}

\tcbset{
    sharp corners,
    fontupper=\sffamily,
    halign=center,
    study/.style={colback=black!30},
    aim/.style={colback=white},
    text/.style={colback=white, halign=left},
    name/.style={colback=black, colupper=white}
    }
\begin{document}
\begin{tcbitemize}[raster columns=4]
\tcbitem[study, raster multicolumn=4] Study 1
\tcbitem[aim, raster multicolumn=4] Aim: Investigate the performance/Investigate Investigate
\tcbitem[name] Primary Objectyives
\tcbitem[name] Experimental Design
\tcbitem[name] Fixed Section/Part
\tcbitem[name] Testing Variables
\tcbitem[text, halign=left] - Investigate\\ - System Investigate\\ - Investigate
\tcbitem[text] - Investigate\\ - System Investigate\\ - Investigate
\tcbitem[text] - Investigate\\ - System Investigate\\ - Investigate
\tcbitem[text] - Investigate\\ - System Investigate\\ - Investigate
\tcbitem[name, raster multicolumn=4] Hypotheses
\tcbitem[text, raster multicolumn=4] \begin{itemize}
\item H1: Investigate the performance/Investigate
\item H2: Investigate the performance/Investigate
\end{itemize}
\tcbitem[study, raster multicolumn=4] Study 2
\tcbitem[aim, raster multicolumn=4] Aim: Investigate the performance/Investigate Investigate
\end{tcbitemize}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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