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使用变换画布缩放整个 tikzpicture 的问题

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf scaling tikzscale
使用变换画布缩放整个 tikzpicture 的问题

我读这他们建议使用变换画布，它可以重新缩放，但也会将图片移动到有文本的位置（见数字）。我也尝试使用\resizebox{}{}或\scalebox{}{}，但这只会让图片消失。

这就是我生成图片的方式

\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[thick,scale=1.2,transform canvas={scale=1.2}, 
     clear/.style={ 
         draw=none,
         fill=none
     },
     net/.style={
         matrix of nodes,
         nodes={ draw, circle, inner sep=10pt },
         nodes in empty cells,
         column sep=2cm,
         row sep=-9pt
     },
     >=latex
]
% define matrix mat to hold nodes
% using net as default style for cells
\matrix[net] (mat)
{
% Define layer headings
|[clear]| \parbox{1.3cm}{\centering Input\\layer} 
    & |[clear]| \parbox{1.3cm}{\centering Hidden\\layer} 
    & |[clear]| \parbox{1.3cm}{\centering Output\\layer} \\
|[clear]| &      & |[clear]| \\         
  &     |[clear]|   & |[clear]| \\
  |[clear]| &   &|[clear]| \\
  & |[clear]| & |[clear]| \\
  |[clear]| & & \\
  & |[clear]| & |[clear]| \\
  |[clear]| & & |[clear]| \\
   & |[clear]| & |[clear]| \\
   |[clear]| & & |[clear]| \\
};


\draw[-] (mat-3-1) -- node[above] {$s_t^1$} +(-1.5cm,0);
\draw[-] (mat-5-1) -- node[above] {$s_t^2$} +(-1.5cm,0);
\draw[-] (mat-7-1) -- node[above] {$s_t^3$} +(-1.5cm,0);
\draw[-] (mat-9-1) -- node[above] {$s_t^4$} +(-1.5cm,0);
% lines from a_{i}^{0} to each a_{j}^{1}
\foreach \ai in {3,5,...,9} {
    \foreach \aii in {2,4,6,8,10}
        \draw[-] (mat-\ai-1) -- (mat-\aii-2);
        }
% lines from a_{i}^{1} to a_{0}^{2}
\foreach \ai in {2,4,6,8,10}
  \draw[-] (mat-\ai-2) -- (mat-6-3);

% right most line with Output label
\draw[->] (mat-6-3) -- node[above] {Output} +(2cm,0);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}

有人知道如何解决这个问题吗？

答案1

这里能够使用\scalebox等的一种方法是ampersand replacement向矩阵中添加一个。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\scalebox{0.5}{\begin{tikzpicture}[thick,
     clear/.style={ 
         draw=none,
         fill=none
     },
     net/.style={ampersand replacement=\&,
         matrix of nodes,
         nodes={ draw, circle, inner sep=10pt },
         nodes in empty cells,
         column sep=2cm,
         row sep=-9pt
     },
     >=latex
]
% define matrix mat to hold nodes
% using net as default style for cells
\matrix[net] (mat)
{
% Define layer headings
|[clear]| \parbox{1.3cm}{\centering Input\\layer} 
    \& |[clear]| \parbox{1.3cm}{\centering Hidden\\layer} 
    \& |[clear]| \parbox{1.3cm}{\centering Output\\layer} \\
|[clear]| \&      \& |[clear]| \\         
  \&     |[clear]|   \& |[clear]| \\
  |[clear]| \&   \&|[clear]| \\
  \& |[clear]| \& |[clear]| \\
  |[clear]| \& \& \\
  \& |[clear]| \& |[clear]| \\
  |[clear]| \& \& |[clear]| \\
   \& |[clear]| \& |[clear]| \\
   |[clear]| \& \& |[clear]| \\
};
\draw[-] (mat-3-1) -- node[above] {$s_t^1$} +(-1.5cm,0);
\draw[-] (mat-5-1) -- node[above] {$s_t^2$} +(-1.5cm,0);
\draw[-] (mat-7-1) -- node[above] {$s_t^3$} +(-1.5cm,0);
\draw[-] (mat-9-1) -- node[above] {$s_t^4$} +(-1.5cm,0);
% lines from a_{i}^{0} to each a_{j}^{1}
\foreach \ai in {3,5,...,9} {
    \foreach \aii in {2,4,6,8,10}
        \draw[-] (mat-\ai-1) -- (mat-\aii-2);
        }
% lines from a_{i}^{1} to a_{0}^{2}
\foreach \ai in {2,4,6,8,10}
  \draw[-] (mat-\ai-2) -- (mat-6-3);
% right most line with Output label
\draw[->] (mat-6-3) -- node[above] {Output} +(2cm,0);
\end{tikzpicture}}
\end{center}
\end{document}

应该说这可以治标。然而，为了得到更优雅的解决方案，您可能需要（从根本上）重写代码，从质疑\parbox矩阵中 es 的用途开始。

获得非常相似的输出的一种方法是

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8,transform shape,
neuron/.style={circle,inner sep=1em,draw}]
 \begin{scope}[x=3cm,y=1.5cm,local bounding box=net]  
 \foreach \Y [count=\Z,remember=\Y as \LastY] in 
 {4,5,1} 
 {\foreach \YY in {1,...,\Y}
 {\node[neuron] (n-\Z-\YY) at (\Z,-\YY+\Y/2+1/2) {};
 \ifnum\Z=1
  \draw (n-\Z-\YY.west) -- node[above] {$s^t_{\YY}$}++ (-2em,0);
 \else
  \foreach \YYY in {1,...,\LastY}
  {\draw[-,semithick] (n-\the\numexpr\Z-1\relax-\YYY) -- (n-\Z-\YY) ;}
 \fi
 }}
 \end{scope} 
 \path foreach \X [count=\Y] in {Input,Hidden,Outpt}
 { (net.north-|n-\Y-1) node[above=1em,align=center] {\X\\ Layer}
 };
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

我放入了一个非平凡的比例因子来证明它有效。但是，您还有其他可能更好的控制此图大小的方法。通过在范围内更改x和，y您可以分别控制神经元之间的水平和垂直距离。后者的大小由样式控制。此代码还避免了|[clear]|到处添加的需要，如果您想更改每层的神经元数量，只需更改即可{4,5,1}。当然，这个网站上还有许多其他绘制神经网络的示例（我以为甚至有一个包，但出于某种原因我现在找不到它）。

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