如何将错误号转换为“errno”常量?

如何将错误号转换为“errno”常量?

假设我在 UNIX 机器上运行一个应用程序,该应用程序出现故障,系统错误状态为“13”。现在,我可以轻松地在 errno.h 中查找此值,以发现这是一个权限被拒绝的问题。

> grep -w 13 /usr/include/errno.h
#define EACCES  13      /* Permission denied                    */

有没有更简单的命令来检索此信息?我希望能够运行如下命令:

> lookuperror 13
EACCES (Permission denied)

而不是 grepping 系统头文件。是否存在这样的命令/程序?

更新: 正如以下答案所指出的,strerror()系统调用返回此信息。是否有任何 UNIX 操作系统附带可执行实用程序来执行此系统调用,或者我是否需要编写自己的程序来执行此操作?

答案1

我曾经做过

perl -MPOSIX -e 'print strerror($ARGV[0])."\n";' 13

您可以将 Perl 代码放在一个文件中,并将其放在路径中。
当然也可以使用 C 来完成

答案2

~% perror 13
OS error code  13:  Permission denied
~% rpm -qf =perror
mysql-server-5.0.45-7.el5

答案3

尝试 strerror(3)。

来自手册页:

DESCRIPTION

 The strerror(), strerror_r() and perror() functions look up the error
 message string corresponding to an error number.

 The strerror() function accepts an error number argument errnum and
 returns a pointer to the corresponding message string.

 The strerror_r() function renders the same result into strerrbuf for a
 maximum of buflen characters and returns 0 upon success.

 The perror() function finds the error message corresponding to the cur-
 rent value of the global variable errno (intro(2)) and writes it, fol-
 lowed by a newline, to the standard error file descriptor.  If the argu-
 ment string is non-NULL and does not point to the null character, this
 string is prepended to the message string and separated from it by a
 colon and space (``: ''); otherwise, only the error message string is
 printed.

 If the error number is not recognized, these functions return an error
 message string containing ``Unknown error: '' followed by the error num-
 ber in decimal.  The strerror() and strerror_r() functions return EINVAL
 as a warning.  Error numbers recognized by this implementation fall in
 the range 0 < errnum < sys_nerr.

 If insufficient storage is provided in strerrbuf (as specified in buflen)
 to contain the error string, strerror_r() returns ERANGE and strerrbuf
 will contain an error message that has been truncated and NUL terminated
 to fit the length specified by buflen.

 The message strings can be accessed directly using the external array
 sys_errlist.  The external value sys_nerr contains a count of the mes-
 sages in sys_errlist.  The use of these variables is deprecated;
 strerror() or strerror_r() should be used instead.

答案4

cpp -dM预处理源文件或头文件并打印#define找到的所有内容。它比通过 grep 查找更强大/usr/include/errno.h,因为它将获取/usr/include/errno.h包含以下内容的每个文件。

将 cpp -dM 与其他人的建议结合起来:

function lookuperror
{
    cpp -dM /usr/include/errno.h | grep -w "$@"
    perl -MPOSIX -e 'print "Description:".strerror($ARGV[0])."\n";' $@
}

插入到.bashrc,或将其内容作为独立的 shell 脚本放置。

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