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解析 XML 以获取 bash 脚本中的节点值？

tag-icon • tag-icon command-line text-processing xml xmllint
解析 XML 以获取 bash 脚本中的节点值？

我想知道如何获取具有以下路径的节点的值：

config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/host
config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/username
config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/password
config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/dbname

来自以下 XML：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config>
    <global>
        <install>
            <date><![CDATA[Tue, 11 Dec 2012 12:31:25 +0000]]></date>
        </install>
        <crypt>
            <key><![CDATA[70e75d7969b900b696785f2f81ecb430]]></key>
        </crypt>
        <disable_local_modules>false</disable_local_modules>
        <resources>
            <db>
                <table_prefix><![CDATA[]]></table_prefix>
            </db>
            <default_setup>
                <connection>
                    <host><![CDATA[localhost]]></host>
                    <username><![CDATA[root]]></username>
                    <password><![CDATA[pass123]]></password>
                    <dbname><![CDATA[testdb]]></dbname>
                    <initStatements><![CDATA[SET NAMES utf8]]></initStatements>
                    <model><![CDATA[mysql4]]></model>
                    <type><![CDATA[pdo_mysql]]></type>
                    <pdoType><![CDATA[]]></pdoType>
                    <active>1</active>
                </connection>
            </default_setup>
        </resources>
        <session_save><![CDATA[files]]></session_save>
    </global>
    <admin>
        <routers>
            <adminhtml>
                <args>
                    <frontName><![CDATA[admin]]></frontName>
                </args>
            </adminhtml>
        </routers>
    </admin>
</config>

我还想将该值分配给变量以供进一步使用。让我知道你的想法。

答案1

使用bashand xmllint（由标签给出）：

xmllint --version  #  xmllint: using libxml version 20703

# Note: Newer versions of libxml / xmllint have a --xpath option which 
# makes it possible to use xpath expressions directly as arguments. 
# --xpath also enables precise output in contrast to the --shell & sed approaches below.
#xmllint --help 2>&1 | grep -i 'xpath'

{
# the given XML is in file.xml
host="$(echo "cat /config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/host/text()" | xmllint --nocdata --shell file.xml | sed '1d;$d')"
username="$(echo "cat /config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/username/text()" | xmllint --nocdata --shell file.xml | sed '1d;$d')"
password="$(echo "cat /config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/password/text()" | xmllint --nocdata --shell file.xml | sed '1d;$d')"
dbname="$(echo "cat /config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/dbname/text()" | xmllint --nocdata --shell file.xml | sed '1d;$d')"
printf '%s\n' "host: $host" "username: $username" "password: $password" "dbname: $dbname"
}

# output
# host: localhost
# username: root
# password: pass123
# dbname: testdb

如果只有一个 XML 字符串并且要避免使用临时文件，则可以使用文件描述符（此处作为文件参数xmllint给出）：/dev/fd/3

set +H
{
xmlstr='<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config>
    <global>
        <install>
            <date><![CDATA[Tue, 11 Dec 2012 12:31:25 +0000]]></date>
        </install>
        <crypt>
            <key><![CDATA[70e75d7969b900b696785f2f81ecb430]]></key>
        </crypt>
        <disable_local_modules>false</disable_local_modules>
        <resources>
            <db>
                <table_prefix><![CDATA[]]></table_prefix>
            </db>
            <default_setup>
                <connection>
                    <host><![CDATA[localhost]]></host>
                    <username><![CDATA[root]]></username>
                    <password><![CDATA[pass123]]></password>
                    <dbname><![CDATA[testdb]]></dbname>
                    <initStatements><![CDATA[SET NAMES utf8]]></initStatements>
                    <model><![CDATA[mysql4]]></model>
                    <type><![CDATA[pdo_mysql]]></type>
                    <pdoType><![CDATA[]]></pdoType>
                    <active>1</active>
                </connection>
            </default_setup>
        </resources>
        <session_save><![CDATA[files]]></session_save>
    </global>
    <admin>
        <routers>
            <adminhtml>
                <args>
                    <frontName><![CDATA[admin]]></frontName>
                </args>
            </adminhtml>
        </routers>
    </admin>
</config>
'

# exec issue
#exec 3<&- 3<<<"$xmlstr"
#exec 3<&- 3< <(printf '%s' "$xmlstr")
exec 3<&- 3<<EOF
$(printf '%s' "$xmlstr")
EOF

{ read -r host; read -r username; read -r password; read -r dbname; } < <(
       echo "cat /config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/*[self::host or self::username or self::password or self::dbname]/text()" | 
          xmllint --nocdata --shell /dev/fd/3 | 
          sed -e '1d;$d' -e '/^ *--* *$/d'
       )

printf '%s\n' "host: $host" "username: $username" "password: $password" "dbname: $dbname"

exec 3<&-
}
set -H


# output
# host: localhost
# username: root
# password: pass123
# dbname: testdb

答案2

使用xmllint和--xpath选项，非常简单。你可以简单地这样做：

XML_FILE=/path/to/file.xml

HOST=$(xmllint --xpath 'string(/config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/host)' $XML_FILE
USERNAME=$(xmllint --xpath 'string(/config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/username)' $XML_FILE
PASSWORD=$(xmllint --xpath 'string(/config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/password)' $XML_FILE 
DBNAME=$(xmllint --xpath 'string(/config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/dbname)' $XML_FILE

如果您需要获取元素的属性，使用 XPath 也很容易。假设您有以下文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<addon id="screensaver.turnoff"
       name="Turn Off"
       version="0.10.0"
       provider-name="Dag Wieërs">
  ..snip..
</addon>

所需的 shell 语句是：

VERSION=$(xmllint --xpath 'string(/addon/@version)' $ADDON_XML)
AUTHOR=$(xmllint --xpath 'string(/addon/@provider-name)' $ADDON_XML)

答案3

虽然已经有很多答案了，但我还是插话一下xml2。

$ xml2 < test.xml
/config/global/install/date=Tue, 11 Dec 2012 12:31:25 +0000
/config/global/crypt/key=70e75d7969b900b696785f2f81ecb430
/config/global/disable_local_modules=false
/config/global/resources/db/table_prefix
/config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/host=localhost
/config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/username=root
/config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/password=pass123
/config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/dbname=testdb
/config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/initStatements=SET NAMES utf8
/config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/model=mysql4
/config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/type=pdo_mysql
/config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/pdoType
/config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/active=1
/config/global/session_save=files
/config/admin/routers/adminhtml/args/frontName=admin

通过一点魔法，您甚至可以直接将它们设置为变量：

$ eval $(xml2 < test.xml | tr '/, ' '___' | grep =)
$ echo $_config_global_resources_default_setup_connection_host          
localhost

答案4

纯bash函数，仅适用于不允许您安装任何适当的东西的不幸情况。对于更复杂的 XML 来说，这可能会失败：

function xmlpath()
{
  local expr="${1//\// }"
  local path=()
  local chunk tag data

  while IFS='' read -r -d '<' chunk; do
    IFS='>' read -r tag data <<< "$chunk"

    case "$tag" in
      '?'*) ;;
      '!–-'*) ;;
      '![CDATA['*) data="${tag:8:${#tag}-10}" ;;
      ?*'/') ;;
      '/'?*) unset path[${#path[@]}-1] ;;
      ?*) path+=("$tag") ;;
    esac

    [[ "${path[@]}" == "$expr" ]] && echo "$data"
  done
}

用法：

bash-4.1$ xmlpath 'config/global/resources/default_setup/connection/host' < MagePsycho.xml
localhost

已知的问题：

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