我需要一些 Linux / ubuntu 帮助：
我有一个 HTTP Comet 服务器，使用以下命令运行它：
$ node comet.js > /dev/null &
> /dev/null 位表示所有输出都被“切碎”，而 & 符号表示在后台运行任务。
我怎样才能在 Linux 启动时运行这个命令？
我尝试将脚本添加到 /etc/init.d/node，然后使用“update-rc.d node defaults”将其添加到运行时，但由于某种原因，启动过程在启动时挂起和“node /path/to/comet.js” 命令的输出。
我觉得有更好的方法来守护此过程。我该怎么做？有人能帮我澄清一下，并向我解释一些可靠地启动此脚本的选项吗？
谢谢，非常感谢您的帮助。祝好，克里斯
这是我的 /etc/init.d/node：
#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: node.js comet server
# Required-Start: $remote_fs
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Example initscript
# Description: This file should be used to construct scripts to be
# placed in /etc/init.d.
### END INIT INFO
# Author: Foo Bar <[email protected]>
#
# Please remove the "Author" lines above and replace them
# with your own name if you copy and modify this script.
# Do NOT "set -e"
# PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh script
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin/node
DESC="Node.js comet server"
NAME=node
DAEMON="/usr/local/bin/node"
DAEMON_ARGS="/home/chris/sites/www/comet/comet.js > /dev/null &"
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
#
# Function that starts the daemon/service
#
do_start()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
|| return 1
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- \
$DAEMON_ARGS \
|| return 2
# Add code here, if necessary, that waits for the process to be ready
# to handle requests from services started subsequently which depend
# on this one. As a last resort, sleep for some time.
}
#
# Function that stops the daemon/service
#
do_stop()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME
RETVAL="$?"
[ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2
# Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks
# and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript.
# If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code
# that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be
# needed by services started subsequently. A last resort is to
# sleep for some time.
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 --exec $DAEMON
[ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2
# Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit.
rm -f $PIDFILE
return "$RETVAL"
}
#
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
#
do_reload() {
#
# If the daemon can reload its configuration without
# restarting (for example, when it is sent a SIGHUP),
# then implement that here.
#
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal 1 --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_start
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
#reload|force-reload)
#
# If do_reload() is not implemented then leave this commented out
# and leave 'force-reload' as an alias for 'restart'.
#
#log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC" "$NAME"
#do_reload
#log_end_msg $?
#;;
restart|force-reload)
#
# If the "reload" option is implemented then remove the
# 'force-reload' alias
#
log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1)
do_start
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
:
答案1
好的，我已经研究这个问题一段时间了，现在我终于让它发挥作用了。
我最终使用了新的 Ubuntu“upstart”服务。它是 /etc/init.d 系统的替代品。
以下是我使用的方法：
我在 /etc/event.d 中放置了一个描述我的过程的文件：
description "node.js comet server"
author "Chris"
start on startup
stop on shutdown
exec /usr/local/bin/node /path/to/comet.js > /dev/null &
respawn
然后我重启了，它就成功了！比编写 /etc/init.d 脚本好多了，也简单多了！
答案2
这是init.d脚本我每天都使用它来监控 Debian 上的 node.js 服务器。它应该可以在 Ubuntu 上“按原样”工作。它足够灵活，可以让系统管理员在启动时以不同的用户名运行多个节点实例
用法：/etc/init.d/MyNodejsServer.sh start|stop|restart|status
#! /bin/sh
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# SOME INFOS : fairly standard (debian) init script.
# Note that node doesn't create a PID file (hence --make-pidfile)
# has to be run in the background (hence --background)
# and NOT as root (hence --chuid)
#
# MORE INFOS : INIT SCRIPT http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-opersys.html#s-sysvinit
# INIT-INFO RULES http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts
# INSTALL/REMOVE http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/28
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# #
# BEGIN <MODIFY TO REFLECT YOUR SETTINGS> #
# #
#
# 1) Don't forget to also modify the COMMENTED fields in the "### BEGIN INIT INFO"
# below (don't uncomment them) if you wish to install system-wide with update-rc.d
# eg: provides, Short-Description, Description
#
# 2) in case you have different node.js servers running, each init.d script should
# (obviously) have a UNIQUE BASE name so that PIDS do not conflict
# --> name them accordingly
# eg: node_static_server, node_express1, node_load_balancer.sh...
#
# 3) copy the renamed/modified script(s) to /etc/init.d
# chmod 755,
#
# 4) if you wish the Daemon to be lauched at boot / stopped at shutdown :
# INSTALL : update-rc.d scriptname defaults
# (UNINSTALL : update-rc.d -f scriptname remove)
#
# 5) based on : Debian /etc/init.d/skeleton
# modified by : Peter Host (www.oghme.com)
# ______________________________________________________________________________
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: node_debian_init
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $named $syslog
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $named $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: DEBIAN initscript for node.js servers/apps
# Description: ex : proxy server is a node.js http server listening on
# port 8080 (relayed from 80 by iptables). It balances
# http requests between the main nodejs server
# (nodejs.mydomain.com:8000), the static file-server
# (static.mydomain.com) and the legacy apache server
# (apache.mydomain.com) and possibly other servers
# place this file in /etc/init.d.
### END INIT INFO
# Author: My Name <[email protected]>
#
# Please remove the "Author" lines above and replace them
# with your own name if you copy and modify this script.
# ______________________________________________________________________________
#
# PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh script
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin # modify if you need
DAEMON_ARGS="/path/to/app.js" # path to your node.js server/app
# NB: don't use ~/ in path
DESC="node.js http server" # whatever fancy description you like
NODEUSER=myuser:mygroup # USER who OWNS the daemon process (no matter whoever runs the init script)
# user:group (if no group is specified, the primary GID for that user is used)
LOCAL_VAR_RUN=/usr/local/var/run # in case the init script is run by non-root user, you need to
# indicate a directory writeable by $NODEUSER to store the PID file
# NB : 1) /usr/local/var/run does not exist by DEFAULT. Either create it
# or choose one of your own liking.
# 2) node, npm,... are best NOT installed/run as ROOT.
# (see here: https://github.com/isaacs/npm/blob/master/README.md)
NAME=node # name of the node.js executable
DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/$NAME # this SHOULD POINT TO where your node executable is
#
# #
# END </MODIFY TO REFLECT YOUR SETTINGS> #
# (Nothing else to modify from this point on...) #
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do NOT "set -e"
[ $UID -eq "0" ] && LOCAL_VAR_RUN=/var/run # in case this script is run by root, override user setting
THIS_ARG=$0
INIT_SCRIPT_NAME=`basename $THIS_ARG`
[ -h $THIS_ARG ] && INIT_SCRIPT_NAME=`basename $(readlink $THIS_ARG)` # in case of symlink
INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT=${INIT_SCRIPT_NAME%.*}
PIDFILE="$LOCAL_VAR_RUN/$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT.pid"
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME
# Exit if the package is not installed
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || { echo "can't find Node.js ($DAEMON)" >&2; exit 0; }
# Exit if the 'run' folder is not present
[ -d "$LOCAL_VAR_RUN" ] || { echo "Directory $LOCAL_VAR_RUN does not exist. Modify the '$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT' init.d script ($THIS_ARG) accordingly" >&2; exit 0; }
# Read configuration variable file if it is present
[ -r /etc/default/$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME ] && . /etc/default/$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME
# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables
. /lib/init/vars.sh
# Define LSB log_* functions.
# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.0-6) to ensure that this file is present.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
# uncomment to override system setting
# VERBOSE=yes
#
# Function that starts the daemon/service
#
do_start()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --chuid $NODEUSER --background --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
|| { [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg " ---> Daemon already running $DESC" "$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT"; return 1; }
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --chuid $NODEUSER --make-pidfile --pidfile $PIDFILE --background --exec $DAEMON -- \
$DAEMON_ARGS \
|| { [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg " ---> could not be start $DESC" "$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT"; return 2; }
# Add code here, if necessary, that waits for the process to be ready
# to handle requests from services started subsequently which depend
# on this one. As a last resort, sleep for some time.
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg " ---> started $DESC" "$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT"
}
#
# Function that stops the daemon/service
#
do_stop()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE --chuid $NODEUSER --name $DAEMON
RETVAL="$?"
#[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && [ "$RETVAL" = 1 ] && log_daemon_msg " ---> SIGKILL failed => hardkill $DESC" "$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT"
[ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2
# Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks
# and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript.
# If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code
# that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be
# needed by services started subsequently. A last resort is to
# sleep for some time.
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/3/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE --chuid $NODEUSER --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_ARGS
[ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2
# Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit.
rm -f $PIDFILE
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && [ "$RETVAL" = 1 ] && log_daemon_msg " ---> $DESC not running" "$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT"
[ "$VERBOSE" != no -a "$RETVAL" = 0 ] && log_daemon_msg " ---> $DESC stopped" "$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT"
return "$RETVAL"
}
#
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
#
do_reload() {
#
# If the daemon can reload its configuration without
# restarting (for example, when it is sent a SIGHUP),
# then implement that here.
#
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --signal 1 --pidfile $PIDFILE --chuid $NODEUSER --name $NAME
return 0
}
#
# Function that returns the daemon
#
do_status() {
#
# http://refspecs.freestandards.org/LSB_3.1.1/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/iniscrptact.html
# 0 program is running or service is OK
# 1 program is dead and /var/run pid file exists
# (2 program is dead and /var/lock lock file exists) (not used here)
# 3 program is not running
# 4 program or service status is unknown
RUNNING=$(running)
# $PIDFILE corresponds to a live $NAME process
ispidactive=$(pidof $NAME | grep `cat $PIDFILE 2>&1` >/dev/null 2>&1)
ISPIDACTIVE=$?
if [ -n "$RUNNING" ]; then
if [ $ISPIDACTIVE ]; then
log_success_msg "$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT (launched by $USER) (--chuid $NODEUSER) is running"
exit 0
fi
else
if [ -f $PIDFILE ]; then
log_success_msg "$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT (launched by $USER) (--chuid $NODEUSER) is not running, phantom pidfile $PIDFILE"
exit 1
else
log_success_msg "no instance launched by $USER, of $INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT (--chuid $NODEUSER) found"
exit 3
fi
fi
}
running() {
RUNSTAT=$(start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --chuid $NODEUSER --background --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null)
if [ "$?" = 1 ]; then
echo y
fi
}
case "$1" in
start)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT"
do_start
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
#reload|force-reload)
#
# If do_reload() is not implemented then leave this commented out
# and leave 'force-reload' as an alias for 'restart'.
#
#log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC" "$NAME"
#do_reload
#log_end_msg $?
#;;
restart|force-reload)
#
# If the "reload" option is implemented then remove the
# 'force-reload' alias
#
log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$INIT_SCRIPT_NAME_NOEXT"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1)
do_start
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
status)
do_status
;;
*)
#echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
exit 0
答案3
这完全是瞎猜，因为我不熟悉 Ubuntu 的 start-stop-daemon，但也许它已经在执行 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 重定向和作业控制？测试起来很容易 - 只需从 $DAEMON_ARGS 的后端删除“ > /dev/null &”即可。