我如何强制 Postfix 检查（并记录/标记/等）所有外发邮件是否为垃圾邮件？
只是想确保我在我的服务器上尽自己的一份力。
编辑：Postfix 配置，根据要求。
主配置文件
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
permit_sasl_authenticated,
permit_mynetworks,
reject_unauth_destination
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
myhostname = example.com
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = localhost, localhost.localdomain, localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
content_filter = smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
transport_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/transport_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/virtual_alias_domains.cf
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mail
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_minimum_uid = 100
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
主配置文件
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtps inet n - - - - smtpd
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd
pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr fifo n - - 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
# When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops
relay unix - - - - - smtp
-o smtp_fallback_relay=
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - y - - smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o local_recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
-o smtpd_restriction_classes=
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
-o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes
-o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0
-o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001
-o smtpd_hard_error_limit=100
smtp-amavis unix - - y - 2 smtp
-o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200
-o disable_dns_lookups=yes
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${recipient}
mysql/transport_maps.cf
user = user
password = password
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT target FROM transports WHERE hostname = '%d' AND active = 1
mysql/virtual_alias_domains.cf
user = user
password = password
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
select_field = domain
table = domains
where_field = domain
additional_conditions = AND active = 1
mysql/virtual_alias_maps.cf
user = user
password = password
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
select_field = forward
table = aliases
where_field = source
additional_conditions = AND active = 1
mysql/virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
user = user
password = password
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT mailbox_path FROM users WHERE address = '%s' AND active = 1
答案1
下面是用于检查传出消息的配置“存根”。
在main.cf中：
smtpd_sender_restrictions =
check_client_access cidr:/etc/postfix/internal_clients_filter
和：/etc/postfix/internal_clients_filter
192.168.0.0/24 FILTER smtp:[127.0.0.1]:12501
10.0.0.0/24 FILTER smtp:[127.0.0.1]:12501
（您也可以通过其他方式对登录用户、ip、来自等执行此操作。）
在 Amavisd-new 中使用保单银行：
$interface_policy{'12501'} = 'INTERNAL';
$policy_bank{'INTERNAL'} = { # mail originating from clients in cidr:/etc/postfix/internal_clients_filter
bypass_spam_checks_maps => [0], # spam-check outgoing mail
bypass_banned_checks_maps => [0], # banned-check outgoing mail
bypass_header_checks_maps => [0], # header-check outgoing mail
forward_method => 'smtp:[127.0.0.1]:12502', # relay to Postfix listener on port 12502
};
Postfix 中的重新注入路径：
127.0.0.1:12502 inet n - n - - smtpd
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_restriction_classes=
-o smtpd_delay_reject=no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
-o smtpd_data_restrictions=
-o smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions=
-o local_header_rewrite_clients=
-o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0
-o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001
-o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1000
-o smtpd_client_connection_count_limit=0
-o smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit=0
-o smtpd_milters=
-o local_recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
-o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks,no_unknown_recipient_checks,no_address_mappings
答案2
这是一个老问题，但我想分享一些允许使用出站 Procmail 过滤器的配置。首先，在master.cf：
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=may
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o broken_sasl_auth_clients=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination
-o content_filter=procmail-outbound
procmail-outbound unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Rq user=mail argv=/usr/bin/procmail -t -m SENDER=${sender} RECIPIENT=${recipient} /etc/procmail/outbound.rc
然后，您可以outbound.rc在重新注入处理后的消息之前运行您需要的任何 procmail 配方，sendmail如下面的示例配方所示：
# Send mail
:0 w
| /usr/bin/sendmail -G -i -f $SENDER $RECIPIENT
（请注意，该示例接受邮件提交服务（端口 587），而不是smtp用于中继和传送的服务。）
答案3
您的客户端使用 smtp 服务器发送邮件 - 大概就是这个 postfix 服务器。
外发邮件通过 Postfix 的 smtp 传输，上面的配置通过 content_filter 将所有邮件传递给 amavisd - 所以我认为您的外发邮件已经被处理了。
我建议您进行测试以确定是否确实如此。
如果服务器不是很忙，你可以跟踪你的邮件日志，并观察当你发送包含以下内容的测试消息时会发生什么：管状字符串（XJS*C4JDBQADN1.NSBN3*2IDNEN*GTUBE-STANDARD-ANTI-UBE-TEST-EMAIL*C.34X）。Amavisd/spamassassin 应该会捕获该消息。如果是这样，那么您就知道您的邮件在发出时正在被扫描。
答案4
如果您在 main.cf 中定义 content_filter，则该过滤器将应用于任何入站和出站接口（smtp、smtps、提交）。
content_filter=clamav:{{ HOST_ALIAS_CLAMAV }}:{{ CLAMAV_SERVER_PORT }}
确保您设置-o content_filter=clamav 进程部分以避免出现无限循环。
0.0.0.0:{{ CLAMAV_FORWARD_PORT }} inet n - n - 16 smtpd
-o content_filter=
...