我正在运行 Postfix，可以从 Web 邮件界面（“网络”内部）以及邮件客户端（如 Microsoft Outlook、Thunderbird 等）发送电子邮件。
以下是服务器的详细信息：
CentOS 5.x 名称：后缀 拱门：i386 纪元：2 版本：2.3.3 版本 ：2.1.centos.mysql_pgsql
这是一个奇怪的情况：
- 发送到服务器上其他域的所有电子邮件均可完美传送。
- 通过网络邮件（网络内部）发送到外部地址的电子邮件被递送
- 通过邮件客户端发送的电子邮件未送达。
以下是场景 #3 的邮件日志摘录：
2010-10-16T04:36:59.462704-04:00 myers postfix/smtpd[31167]: connect from {my-home-IP-address}
2010-10-16T04:36:59.595662-04:00 myers postfix/smtpd[31167]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from pool-72-93-172-197.bstnma.east.verizon.net[72.93.172.197]: 554 5.7.1 <[email protected]>: Relay access denied; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<smoothstoneserv>
2010-10-16T04:37:02.820216-04:00 myers postfix/smtpd[31167]: disconnect from {my-home-IP-address}
在上面的摘录中，您会立即注意到 HELO 是错误的。我的主机名是 myers.smoothstoneservices.com。
昨晚我和 #Freenode 上的 #postfix 上的一些好心人一起花了几个小时研究这个问题。我认为 master.cf conf 有问题，所以我备份了该文件，然后用 yum 重新安装了 postfix（我运行的是 CentOS 5.x），并获得了新文件。但没用。
这是 postconf -n：
alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
alias_maps = $alias_database
append_dot_mydomain = no
biff = no
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
command_directory = /usr/sbin
config_directory = /etc/postfix
content_filter = amavisfeed:[127.0.0.1]:10024
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
debug_peer_level = 2
disable_vrfy_command = no
html_directory = no
inet_interfaces = all
mail_owner = postfix
mail_spool_directory = /var/spool/mail
mailbox_size_limit = 0
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain
mydomain = myers
myhostname = myers.smoothstoneservices.com
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
myorigin = $myhostname
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES
recipient_delimiter = +
relayhost =
sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail
setgid_group = postdrop
smtpd_banner = $myhostname
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,rejec t_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain =
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_tls_auth_only = no
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/mailserver/postfix.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/mailserver/private/postfix.pem
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_received_header = no
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
smtpd_use_tls = yes
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf,mysql:/etc/p ostfix/mysql-email2email.cf
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
virtual_minimum_uid = 5000
virtual_transport = dovecot
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
这是 main.cf：
[root@myers postfix]# cat main.cf
############## Postfix###############
smtpd_banner = $myhostname
biff = no
append_dot_mydomain = no
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
inet_interfaces = all
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
alias_maps = $alias_database
myhostname = myers.smoothstoneservices.com
mydomain = myers
myorigin = $myhostname
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain
mail_spool_directory = /var/spool/mail
debug_peer_level = 2
debugger_command =
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
xxgdb $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5
disable_vrfy_command = no
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES
sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail
html_directory = no
setgid_group = postdrop
command_directory = /usr/sbin
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
mail_owner = postfix
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450
####################postfix section ends here###############
#######################Virtual Domains Users and mailboxes###############
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf,mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-email2email.cf
virtual_minimum_uid = 5000
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
##############################Virtual section of main.cf ends##############
#################### SASL/TLS Authentication###########################
######SASL PART#########
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain =
smtpd_recipient_restriction = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination
######TLS PART###########
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/mailserver/postfix.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/mailserver/private/postfix.pem
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_auth_only = no
smtpd_tls_received_header = no
smtpd_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
smtpd_tls_recieved_header = yes
###########################SASL/TLS Authentication ends here#############
virtual_transport = dovecot
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination
content_filter=amavisfeed:[127.0.0.1]:10024
这是master.cf：
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
26 inet n - n - - smtpd
587 inet n - n - - smtpd
465 inet n - n - - smtpd
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
-o smtpd_enforce_tls=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#628 inet n - n - - qmqpd
pickup fifo n - n 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - n - 0 bounce
defer unix - - n - 0 bounce
trace unix - - n - 0 bounce
verify unix - - n - 1 verify
flush unix n - n 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
smtp unix - - n - - smtp
# When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops
relay unix - - n - - smtp
-o fallback_relay=
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - n - - showq
error unix - - n - - error
discard unix - - n - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp
anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil
scache unix - - n - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# The Cyrus deliver program has changed incompatibly, multiple times.
#
old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
flags=R user=cyrus argv=/usr/lib/cyrus-imapd/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
user=cyrus argv=/usr/lib/cyrus-imapd/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=foo argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/libexec/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient}
amavisfeed unix - - n - 2 lmtp
-o lmtp_data_done_timeout=1200
-o lmtp_send_xforward_command=yes
-o disable_dns_lookups=yes
-o max_use=20
127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - n - - smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o smtpd_delay_reject=no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_data_restrictions=reject_unauth_pipelining
-o smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions=
-o smtpd_restriction_classes=
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
-o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0
-o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001
-o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1000
-o smtpd_client_connection_count_limit=0
-o smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit=0
-o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks,no_unknown_recipient_checks,no_milters,no_address_mappings
-o local_header_rewrite_clients=
-o smtpd_milters=
-o local_recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
答案1
您的邮件客户端是否使用身份验证？除非您是开放中继或设置了“mynetworks”，否则这是必需的。
答案2
main.cf 中的 mynetworks 参数应该包含您的（受信任的）网络，以便可以向其他域发送邮件。127.0.0.1 仅包含 localhost（用于 webmail），这就是 webmail 可以将邮件发送到您的域之外的原因。
建议在 main.cf 中包含限制以充分利用 postfix 的功能。
答案3
几天前，我写了以下内容作为评论，但我想我应该将这个问题标记为“已回答”...所以这里是评论，下面是我的答案的摘要：
我最近在一个非常相似的问题中提到了这个问题，因为我还没有解决这个问题。该问题的链接是：serverfault.com/questions/240475/…。经过今晚的深入研究，我找到了解决方案，并解决了这个问题和“新”问题中描述的问题
答案/解决方案是这样的：问题根本不在 postfix 配置文件中。问题出在 Dovecot 的身份验证中。/etc/dovecot.conf 中有一个 auth {} 部分，需要指定适当的登录方法。就我而言，我需要包含“登录”方法。