我有一个 KVM 系统，我在该系统上运行一个网桥，直接连接所有虚拟机和主机操作系统上的 bond0（eth0、eth1）。因此，所有机器都位于同一个子网上，可在机箱外使用。绑定正在执行模式 1 主动/被动，并将 arp_ip_target 设置为默认网关，这本身就引起了一些问题，但我自己看不出绑定配置在这里有什么关系。
当我在平台上停止和启动客户机时，大多数时候我都会看到奇怪的事情，即在主机上，我会失去网络连接（icmp、ssh）约 30 秒。但是，我不会失去其他已在运行的 VM 的连接……它们始终可以 ping 默认 GW，但主机不能。我说“大约 30 秒”，但从一些测试来看，实际上通常是 28 秒（或者至少，我失去了 28 次 ping……），我想知道这是否与桥接配置有关。
我根本没有在网桥上运行 STP，并且转发延迟设置为 1 秒，bond0 上的路径成本降低到 10，bond0 的端口优先级也降低到 1。因此，我认为网桥不应该认为 bond0 未正确连接（正如持续的客户连接所暗示的那样），但网桥设备上的主机 IP（...这有关系吗？）变得无法访问。
我相当确定这与桥接网络有关，但在启动虚拟机时发生这种情况的同时，显然还有很多其他事情发生，所以也许我的判断完全错误。
缺乏连通性：
# ping 10.20.11.254
PING 10.20.11.254 (10.20.11.254) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.20.11.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.921 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.11.254: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.541 ms
type=1700 audit(1293462808.589:325): dev=vnet6 prom=256 old_prom=0 auid=42949672
95 ses=4294967295
type=1700 audit(1293462808.604:326): dev=vnet7 prom=256 old_prom=0 auid=42949672
95 ses=4294967295
type=1700 audit(1293462808.618:327): dev=vnet8 prom=256 old_prom=0 auid=42949672
95 ses=4294967295
kvm: 14116: cpu0 unimplemented perfctr wrmsr: 0x186 data 0x130079
kvm: 14116: cpu0 unimplemented perfctr wrmsr: 0xc1 data 0xffdd694a
kvm: 14116: cpu0 unimplemented perfctr wrmsr: 0x186 data 0x530079
64 bytes from 10.20.11.254: icmp_seq=30 ttl=255 time=0.514 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.11.254: icmp_seq=31 ttl=255 time=0.551 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.11.254: icmp_seq=32 ttl=255 time=0.437 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.11.254: icmp_seq=33 ttl=255 time=0.392 ms
相关桥的brctl输出：
# brctl showstp brdev
brdev
bridge id 8000.b2e1378d1396
designated root 8000.b2e1378d1396
root port 0 path cost 0
max age 19.99 bridge max age 19.99
hello time 1.99 bridge hello time 1.99
forward delay 0.99 bridge forward delay 0.99
ageing time 299.95
hello timer 0.50 tcn timer 0.00
topology change timer 0.00 gc timer 0.04
flags
vnet5 (3)
port id 8003 state forwarding
designated root 8000.b2e1378d1396 path cost 100
designated bridge 8000.b2e1378d1396 message age timer 0.00
designated port 8003 forward delay timer 0.00
designated cost 0 hold timer 0.00
flags
vnet0 (2)
port id 8002 state forwarding
designated root 8000.b2e1378d1396 path cost 100
designated bridge 8000.b2e1378d1396 message age timer 0.00
designated port 8002 forward delay timer 0.00
designated cost 0 hold timer 0.00
flags
bond0 (1)
port id 0001 state forwarding
designated root 8000.b2e1378d1396 path cost 10
designated bridge 8000.b2e1378d1396 message age timer 0.00
designated port 0001 forward delay timer 0.00
designated cost 0 hold timer 0.00
flags
我确实看到新端口被列为学习，但与转发延迟一致，在循环轮询 brctl 输出时仅持续 1 或 2 秒。
不含示例虚拟机的 ifconfig：
bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr D4:85:64:65:FA:4E
inet6 addr: fe80::d685:64ff:fe65:fa4e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:21168629 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:9280285 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:8777768179 (8.1 GiB) TX bytes:2671736365 (2.4 GiB)
bradSP1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:36 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1656 (1.6 KiB) TX bytes:6592 (6.4 KiB)
brawSP1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:109 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:4996 (4.8 KiB) TX bytes:6592 (6.4 KiB)
brdev Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B2:E1:37:8D:13:96
inet addr:10.20.11.129 Bcast:10.20.11.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::d685:64ff:fe65:fa4e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:16663718 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8800468 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:3268513274 (3.0 GiB) TX bytes:2587834869 (2.4 GiB)
brmgtSP1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1A:CA:AE:08:1C:42
inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:699322 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:928721301 (885.6 MiB) TX bytes:6706 (6.5 KiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr D4:85:64:65:FA:4E
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:20412120 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:9280285 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:8720799421 (8.1 GiB) TX bytes:2671736365 (2.4 GiB)
Interrupt:169 Memory:f4000000-f4012800
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr D4:85:64:65:FA:4E
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:756509 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:56968758 (54.3 MiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
Interrupt:186 Memory:f2000000-f2012800
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:3937 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:3937 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:6641553 (6.3 MiB) TX bytes:6641553 (6.3 MiB)
vnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B2:E1:37:8D:13:96
inet6 addr: fe80::b0e1:37ff:fe8d:1396/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:59861 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:5924530 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:2 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:6405635 (6.1 MiB) TX bytes:1987480170 (1.8 GiB)
vnet1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1A:CA:AE:08:1C:42
inet6 addr: fe80::18ca:aeff:fe08:1c42/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:541798 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:61998 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:802746110 (765.5 MiB) TX bytes:6498514 (6.1 MiB)
使用示例虚拟机的 ifconfig：
bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr D4:85:64:65:FA:4E
inet6 addr: fe80::d685:64ff:fe65:fa4e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:21285120 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:9291457 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:8948482155 (8.3 GiB) TX bytes:2673235824 (2.4 GiB)
bradSP1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 2A:18:E1:2D:1A:EC
inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:36 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1656 (1.6 KiB) TX bytes:6592 (6.4 KiB)
brawSP1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 96:55:AA:14:67:07
inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:109 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:4996 (4.8 KiB) TX bytes:6592 (6.4 KiB)
brdev Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 16:5C:BC:E5:90:11
inet addr:10.20.11.129 Bcast:10.20.11.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::d685:64ff:fe65:fa4e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:16673094 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8801611 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:3279365967 (3.0 GiB) TX bytes:2587927761 (2.4 GiB)
brmgtSP1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1A:CA:AE:08:1C:42
inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:699342 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:928723605 (885.6 MiB) TX bytes:6706 (6.5 KiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr D4:85:64:65:FA:4E
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:20528382 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:9291457 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:8891497316 (8.2 GiB) TX bytes:2673235824 (2.4 GiB)
Interrupt:169 Memory:f4000000-f4012800
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr D4:85:64:65:FA:4E
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:756738 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:56984839 (54.3 MiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
Interrupt:186 Memory:f2000000-f2012800
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:3937 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:3937 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:6641553 (6.3 MiB) TX bytes:6641553 (6.3 MiB)
vnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B2:E1:37:8D:13:96
inet6 addr: fe80::b0e1:37ff:fe8d:1396/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:69818 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6034715 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:2 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:7763947 (7.4 MiB) TX bytes:2149238089 (2.0 GiB)
vnet1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1A:CA:AE:08:1C:42
inet6 addr: fe80::18ca:aeff:fe08:1c42/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:650557 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:72519 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:964153780 (919.4 MiB) TX bytes:7896728 (7.5 MiB)
vnet2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr AA:4B:22:76:D2:EC
inet6 addr: fe80::a84b:22ff:fe76:d2ec/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:10521 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:108765 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:1398214 (1.3 MiB) TX bytes:161408138 (153.9 MiB)
vnet3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 96:55:AA:14:67:07
inet6 addr: fe80::9455:aaff:fe14:6707/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:468 (468.0 b)
vnet4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 2A:18:E1:2D:1A:EC
inet6 addr: fe80::2818:e1ff:fe2d:1aec/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:468 (468.0 b)
vnet5 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 16:5C:BC:E5:90:11
inet6 addr: fe80::145c:bcff:fee5:9011/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:241 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:1 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:47167 (46.0 KiB)
欢迎提供所有指点、提示或启发。
答案1
您能发布ifconfig -a启动虚拟机之前和之后的信息吗？
答案2
我运行的几乎是相同的设置，但遇到了相同的问题（同样没有使用 STP）。当我运行更多 VM 时，问题几乎消失了。主机保持可用。您可以尝试在后台从主机 ping 您的网关，然后尝试通过停止/销毁 VM 来重现该问题吗？这似乎对我有用。我认为，如果主机或主机上的 VM 在同一个 VLAN 或桥上发出信号，则会触发某些操作以保持主机本身可用。