为什么 dist-upgrade 到 squeeze 想要删除 apt 以及我该如何修复它？
$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
apt apt-file apt-utils aptitude binutils build-essential debhelper dpkg-dev dselect elinks g++ g++-3.3 g++-4.0 g++-4.1 g++-4.3 gcc
gcc-3.3 gcc-4.0 gcc-4.1 gcc-4.3 gettext gettext-base groff-base html2text iceweasel imagemagick intltool-debian iperf kernel-package
libapt-pkg-perl libboost-iostreams1.42.0 libcwidget3 libdatrie0 libdjvulibre21 libept1 libfreebob0 libgc1c2 libglu1-mesa libgomp1
libgraphviz4 libhunspell-1.2-0 libilmbase6 libmagick10 libopenexr6 libossp-uuid-perl libossp-uuid15 libreadline5 libruby1.8
libsigc++-1.2-5c2 libsigc++-2.0-0c2a libsoap-lite-perl libstdc++5 libstdc++5-3.3-dev libstdc++6 libstdc++6-4.0-dev libstdc++6-4.1-dev
libstdc++6-4.3-dev libtorrent10 libvdemgmt0 libwine-gl libxapian15 libxapian22 libxcb-xlib0 libxmlrpc-c3 lzma man-db menu
mysql-client-5.0 mysql-server-5.0 nessusclient nmap po-debconf pppoeconf python-glade2 python-gtk2 python-numeric python2.3 python2.4
reportbug rtorrent tasksel tasksel-data tcptrack telnet unrar-nonfree utf8-migration-tool w3m wine xserver-xorg-video-cyrix
xserver-xorg-video-imstt xserver-xorg-video-nsc xserver-xorg-video-v4l xserver-xorg-video-vga xulrunner-1.9
The following NEW packages will be installed:
apache2.2-bin autopoint dbus dbus-x11 esound-common etherboot-qemu gdbserver git gnupg-curl insserv install-info isc-dhcp-client
isc-dhcp-common keyboard-configuration libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3
libaprutil1-ldap libasyncns0 libaudiofile0 libaudit0 libbind9-60 libbluetooth3 libbsd0 libc-ares2 libc-bin libc-dev-bin libcap2-bin
libcdt4 libclass-inspector-perl libcupsimage2 libcurl3-gnutls libdatrie1 libdbus-glib-1-2 libdirectfb-1.2-9 libdjvulibre-text libdns69
libdpkg-perl libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau1 libdrm-radeon1 liberror-perl libesd0 libfile-copy-recursive-perl libflac8 libgcr0 libgp11-0
libgpgme11 libgraph4 libgssapi-krb5-2 libgvc5 libisc62 libisccc60 libisccfg62 libjbig2dec0 libjpeg8 libk5crypto3 libkrb5-3
libkrb5support0 liblqr-1-0 libltdl7 liblwres60 liblzma2 libmpfr4 libmysqlclient16 libnfnetlink0 libogg0 libonig2 libopts25 libpathplan4
libpciaccess0 libpth20 libpulse0 libpython2.6 libqdbm14 libraw1394-11 libreadline6 libsasl2-modules libsmi2ldbl libsndfile1
libtask-weaken-perl libtest-pod-perl libtokyocabinet8 libtre5 libudev0 libunistring0 libutempter0 libv4l-0 libvde0 libvorbis0a
libvorbisenc2 libx11-protocol-perl libx11-xcb1 libxcb-atom1 libxcb-aux0 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-event1 libxdot4 libxvmc1
linux-image-2.6.32-5-686 lockfile-progs lynx lynx-cur multiboot openbios-ppc os-prober perl-tk php5-suhosin python2.6 python2.6-minimal
qemu-keymaps qemu-system qemu-user qemu-utils seabios sensible-utils shared-mime-info tsconf xserver-common xserver-xorg-video-geode
xserver-xorg-video-nouveau xz-utils
The following packages have been kept back:
cpp cpp-4.3 gcc-4.3-base grub grub-common libgcc1
The following packages will be upgraded:
apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2.2-common bash bash-doc bc bind9 bind9-host bind9utils cpio cpp-4.1 cron dash dc debianutils
dhcp3-client dhcp3-common djvulibre-desktop dnsutils dpkg e2fsprogs ed elinks-data fdutils findutils flex ftp fvwm gcc-4.1-base gconf2
gconf2-common gdb gksu gnome-keyring gnupg gpgv grep grub-doc grub-legacy-doc info iptables ispell libapache2-mod-auth-plain
libapache2-mod-php5 libaprutil1 libavc1394-0 libc6 libc6-dev libc6-i686 libcairo2 libcups2 libcurl3 libdbd-mysql-perl libedit2
libgconf2-4 libgdbm3 libgksu2-0 libgl1-mesa-dri libgl1-mesa-glx libglade2-0 libglib2.0-0 libgnome-keyring0 libgphoto2-2
libgphoto2-port0 libgsf-1-114 libgtk2.0-0 libgtop2-7 libiec61883-0 libjpeg-progs libkrb53 libmail-box-perl libnss-db liborbit2
libpango1.0-0 libpq5 librsvg2-2 libsane libsdl1.2debian libsdl1.2debian-alsa libstartup-notification0 libthai-data libthai0 libts-0.0-0
libwine libwine-alsa libwine-cms libwine-gphoto2 libwine-ldap libwine-print libwine-sane libx11-6 libxcb1 libxi6 libxml2-utils
linux-image-2.6-686 linux-image-686 locales m4 mtools multiboot-doc mutt ntp ntpdate openbios-sparc openssh-client openssh-server php5
php5-cli php5-common php5-gd php5-mysql python python-cairo python-gobject python-minimal python2.5 python2.5-minimal qemu
readline-common recode screen sed sharutils sudo sysv-rc tshark udev update-inetd util-linux vde2 wget wine-bin wine-utils wireshark
wireshark-common x11-utils xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-input-kbd xserver-xorg-input-mouse
xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-apm xserver-xorg-video-ark
xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-chips xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-dummy xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
xserver-xorg-video-glint xserver-xorg-video-i128 xserver-xorg-video-i740 xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-mach64
xserver-xorg-video-mga xserver-xorg-video-neomagic xserver-xorg-video-nv xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-r128
xserver-xorg-video-radeon xserver-xorg-video-radeonhd xserver-xorg-video-rendition xserver-xorg-video-s3 xserver-xorg-video-s3virge
xserver-xorg-video-savage xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion xserver-xorg-video-sis xserver-xorg-video-sisusb xserver-xorg-video-tdfx
xserver-xorg-video-tga xserver-xorg-video-trident xserver-xorg-video-tseng xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vmware
xserver-xorg-video-voodoo xterm
WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed.
This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!
apt libstdc++6 (due to apt) lzma (due to dpkg)
178 upgraded, 123 newly installed, 94 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
Need to get 200 MB of archives.
After this operation, 123 MB disk space will be freed.
You are about to do something potentially harmful.
To continue type in the phrase 'Yes, do as I say!'
?] ^C
答案1
嗯，我已经设法将问题的根源追溯到一个不可靠的 libstdc++ 版本
不知何故我安装了依赖于 gcc-4.4-base（= 4.4.5-10）的 libstdc++6 版本，而这个版本根本不存在，最新版本是 4.4.5-8，我甚至不知道这是怎么可能的。
我已经下载了 gcc-4.4-base 和 libstdc 并手动安装，这似乎解决了这个问题。
$ sudo apt-get install --reinstall libstdc++6
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Reinstallation of libstdc++6 is not possible, it cannot be downloaded.
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libstdc++6 : Depends: gcc-4.4-base (= 4.4.5-10) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
答案2
常见的步骤是先进行常规升级sudo apt-get upgrade，然后进行 dist-upgrade sudo apt dist-upgrade。如果仍然遇到相同问题，请按照ooshro 的回答。