我尝试让 Xvfb 在 Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick) 系统启动时运行，但不起作用。在 /etc/rc.local 中，我有以下内容：
/root/start_xvfb.sh >> /var/log/start_xvfb.log 2>&1
exit 0
在 /root/start_xvfb.sh 中我有：
#!/bin/sh -e
startx -- `which Xvfb` :0 -screen 0 1024x768x24 &
exit 0
重新启动机器后，日志文件（/var/log/start_xvfb.log）包含：
[dix] Could not init font path element /usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic, removing from list!
^M
waiting for X server to shut down
^M
从日志文件中的内容来看，似乎正在调用“startx -- `which Xvfb` :0 -screen 0 1024x768x24”，但此后该进程不久后就被终止。
我想在启动时启动 Xvfb，因为我需要在没有显示器的远程服务器上运行 Firefox。如果我在通过 SSH 连接到远程计算机后运行 /etc/rc.local，Xvfb 可以顺利启动，并且我可以通过“firefox --display=:0 &”启动 Firefox。如果我尝试使用该命令运行 Firefox 而不先启动 Xvfb，我会收到消息“错误：无法打开显示器：:0”。
请注意，我并不是想真正看到本地工作站上的显示。我希望应用程序显示在远程计算机（虚拟，内存中）的显示屏上。
你知道为什么 X 服务器在远程机器上启动后立即关闭吗？有没有更好的方法让 Xvfb 在系统启动时启动？
在此先感谢您的帮助。
答案1
我猜想 shell 在它退出时会终止它，由于有“&”，所以它会立即退出。也许您想使用 start-stop-daemon？例如：
start-stop-daemon --start -b -x /usr/bin/Xvfb :1
我想如果您需要 startx 包装器的帮助，您可能想运行您的 shellscript。
答案2
你可以使用我的 init 脚本。它基于 /etc/init.d/skeleton，似乎运行良好：
#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: Xvfb
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start Xvfb.
# Description: Start the X virtual framebuffer.
### END INIT INFO
# Author: Hannes Brandstaetter-Mueller <[email protected]>
#
# Please remove the "Author" lines above and replace them
# with your own name if you copy and modify this script.
# Do NOT "set -e"
# PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh script
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
DESC="X virtual framebuffer"
NAME="Xvfb"
DAEMON=/usr/bin/$NAME
DAEMON_ARGS=":1 -screen 0 640x480x24"
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
# Exit if the package is not installed
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0
# Read configuration variable file if it is present
[ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME
# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables
. /lib/init/vars.sh
# Define LSB log_* functions.
# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.0-6) to ensure that this file is present.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
#
# Function that starts the daemon/service
#
do_start()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon --start --background --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
|| return 1
start-stop-daemon --start --background --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- \
$DAEMON_ARGS \
|| return 2
# Add code here, if necessary, that waits for the process to be ready
# to handle requests from services started subsequently which depend
# on this one. As a last resort, sleep for some time.
}
#
# Function that stops the daemon/service
#
do_stop()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME
RETVAL="$?"
[ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2
# Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks
# and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript.
# If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code
# that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be
# needed by services started subsequently. A last resort is to
# sleep for some time.
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 --exec $DAEMON
[ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2
# Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit.
rm -f $PIDFILE
return "$RETVAL"
}
#
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
#
do_reload() {
#
# If the daemon can reload its configuration without
# restarting (for example, when it is sent a SIGHUP),
# then implement that here.
#
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal 1 --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_start
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
status)
status_of_proc "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
;;
#reload|force-reload)
#
# If do_reload() is not implemented then leave this commented out
# and leave 'force-reload' as an alias for 'restart'.
#
#log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC" "$NAME"
#do_reload
#log_end_msg $?
#;;
restart|force-reload)
#
# If the "reload" option is implemented then remove the
# 'force-reload' alias
#
log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1)
do_start
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
*)
#echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|status|restart|force-reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
把它放进去/etc/init.d/xvfbd然后运行
sudo update-rc.d xvfbd defaults
现在它应该在启动时自动运行。