大多数长时间运行的命令在 Amazon EC2(Ubuntu 10.04)上被立即终止

大多数长时间运行的命令在 Amazon EC2(Ubuntu 10.04)上被立即终止

在终端中运行任何类型的长时间运行的命令时,程序会立即终止,并且终端输出文本Killed

有什么提示吗?也许有一个日志文件,其中的数据解释了为什么命令被终止?

更新

以下是一段代码dmesg,希望能够说明问题的原因。另一个可能有用的提示是,这是一个 Amazon EC2 实例。

May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184209] Call Trace:
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184218]  [<c01e49ea>] dump_header+0x7a/0xb0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184221]  [<c01e4a7c>] oom_kill_process+0x5c/0x160
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184224]  [<c01e4fe9>] ? select_bad_process+0xa9/0xe0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184227]  [<c01e5071>] __out_of_memory+0x51/0xb0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184229]  [<c01e5128>] out_of_memory+0x58/0xd0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184232]  [<c01e7f16>] __alloc_pages_slowpath+0x416/0x4b0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184235]  [<c01e811f>] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x16f/0x1c0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184238]  [<c01ea2ca>] __do_page_cache_readahead+0xea/0x210
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184241]  [<c01ea416>] ra_submit+0x26/0x30
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184244]  [<c01e3aef>] filemap_fault+0x3cf/0x400
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184247]  [<c02329ad>] ? core_sys_select+0x19d/0x240
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184252]  [<c01fb65c>] __do_fault+0x4c/0x5e0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184254]  [<c01e4161>] ? generic_file_aio_write+0xa1/0xc0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184257]  [<c01fd60b>] handle_mm_fault+0x19b/0x510
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184262]  [<c05f80d6>] do_page_fault+0x146/0x440
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184265]  [<c0232c62>] ? sys_select+0x42/0xc0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184268]  [<c05f7f90>] ? do_page_fault+0x0/0x440
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184270]  [<c05f53c7>] error_code+0x73/0x78
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184274]  [<c05f007b>] ? setup_local_APIC+0xce/0x33e
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272161]  [<c05f0000>] ? setup_local_APIC+0x53/0x33e
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272163] Mem-Info:
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272164] DMA per-cpu:
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272166] CPU    0: hi:    0, btch:   1 usd:   0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272168] Normal per-cpu:
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272169] CPU    0: hi:  186, btch:  31 usd:  50
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272171] HighMem per-cpu:
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272172] CPU    0: hi:  186, btch:  31 usd:  30
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272176] active_anon:204223 inactive_anon:204177 isolated_anon:0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272177]  active_file:47 inactive_file:141 isolated_file:0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272178]  unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:0 unstable:0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272179]  free:10375 slab_reclaimable:1650 slab_unreclaimable:1856
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272180]  mapped:2127 shmem:3918 pagetables:1812 bounce:0May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272186] DMA free:6744kB min:72kB low:88kB high:108kB active_anon:300kB inactive_anon:308kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15812kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:4kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:8kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? yes
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272190] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 702 1670 1670May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272197] Normal free:34256kB min:3352kB low:4188kB high:5028kB active_anon:317736kB inactive_anon:317308kB active_file:144kB inactive_file:16kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:719320kB mlocked:0kB dirty:4kB writeback:0kB mapped:32kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:6592kB slab_unreclaimable:7424kB kernel_stack:2592kB pagetables:7248kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:571 all_unreclaimable? yes
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272201] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 7747 7747May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272207] HighMem free:500kB min:512kB low:1668kB high:2824kB active_anon:498856kB inactive_anon:499092kB active_file:44kB inactive_file:548kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:991620kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:8472kB shmem:15672kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:430 all_unreclaimable? yes
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272211] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272215] DMA: 10*4kB 22*8kB 38*16kB 33*32kB 16*64kB 10*128kB 4*256kB 1*512kB 1*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 6744kBMay 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272223] Normal: 476*4kB 1396*8kB 676*16kB 206*32kB 23*64kB 2*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 1*2048kB 0*4096kB = 34256kBMay 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272231] HighMem: 1*4kB 2*8kB 28*16kB 1*32kB 0*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 500kB
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272238] 4108 total pagecache pages
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272240] 0 pages in swap cache
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272242] Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272243] Free swap  = 0kB
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272244] Total swap = 0kB
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.276842] 435199 pages RAM
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.276845] 249858 pages HighMem
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.276846] 8771 pages reserved
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.276847] 23955 pages shared
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.276849] 405696 pages non-shared

答案1

您应该能够通过查看命令的输出dmesg或者日志文件、或来/var/log/kern.log找出/var/log/messages导致进程终止的原因/var/log/syslog

有许多因素可能会导致进程被立即终止:

  • 如果它超出了各种内存或 CPU 使用类型的硬 ulimit,您可以使用以下方法检查ulimit -H -a
  • 如果系统的虚拟内存不足,内核的 oom-killer 可能会杀死进程以释放内存(就你的情况而言,可能不是这样)
  • 如果系统安装了 SELinux 和/或 PaX/grsecurity,当某个进程尝试执行安全策略不允许的操作或尝试执行自我修改的代码时,它可能会遭到终止。

日志或 dmesg 应该会告诉您该进程被终止的原因。

答案2

您在更新中发布的日志表明您的系统内存不足,并且OOM 杀手被调用来终止进程,以便在“其他方法都失败”时保留可用内存。OOM 终止程序的选择算法可能有利于针对您的“长时间运行”进程。有关选择算法的描述,请参阅链接页面。

显而易见的解决方案是增加内存,但您可能由于某处内存泄漏而耗尽内存,如果是这种情况,增加更多内存可能只会延迟调用 OOM 终止程序。使用您最喜欢的工具(top、ps 等)检查进程表中使用最多内存的进程,然后从那里开始。

答案3

正如其他人所解释的那样,您的内存不足,因此会触发内存不足终止程序并终止某些进程。

您可以通过以下任一方式修复此问题:

a)将你的 ec2 机器升级为更强大的机器,“小型实例”的内存(1.7GB)比“微型实例”(0.64GB)多 2.5 倍,需要额外的费用

b)添加交换分区 - 添加额外的 EBS 驱动器,,,mkswap /dev/sdx需要swapon /dev/sdx花费 EBS 存储和 IO 费用

c) 添加交换文件 - ,,,dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap bs=1M count=500需要花费 IO 费用和根 EBS 上的可用空间mkswap /swapswapon /swap

c) 应该足够了,但请记住,由于 CPU 限制(只允许短时间突发),微实例不应该运行长时间运行的 CPU 密集型任务。

答案4

日志表明您的交换/缓存内存即将耗尽。

    5月14日 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 内核:[11144050.272240] 交换缓存中有 0 个页面
    5月14日 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 内核:[11144050.272242] 交换缓存统计信息:添加 0,删除 0,查找 0/0
    5月14日 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 内核:[11144050.272243] 可用交换 = 0kB
    5月14日 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 内核:[11144050.272244] 总交换空间 = 0kB

你能分批运行作业/进程吗?也许你可以尝试在停止其他进程后单独运行它?

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