作为整洁的系统管理员，我们希望确保小事和大事一样得到妥善处理（在时间允许的情况下）。其中一件事就是确保我们的系统没有充满损坏的符号链接。
为什么这些小东西会成为问题？因为它们会让你认为文件在那里，但实际上并没有，它们可能预示着一些更烦人的事情，而且因为当我运行某些命令（如）时，我身上（较小的）强迫症部分会因为所有这些警告而发疯grep -r。
那么，如何检测（并通过电子邮件或监控系统报告）管理员负责的系统各部分之间的断开链接（没有必要告诉我~jbloggs有一堆断开的符号链接，那是他的问题）？
答案1
的问题在于-L，它的副作用是将搜索扩展到的目标子目录中symlinks，这可能是我们所不希望的。
GNU findutils版本为find：
<!-- language: bash -->
find /path/to/search -xtype l
除了没有找到循环符号链接。
-execdir在另一个答案中不是那么可移植的，因此将其提炼为一个可移植的解决方案，该解决方案可以找到损坏的符号链接，包括循环链接：
<!-- language: bash -->
find /path/to/search -type l -exec test ! -e {} \; -print
看这个问题， 或者ynform.org进一步讨论。另请参阅findutils 文档了解详情。ynform.org 链接还介绍了一种仅检测循环链接的方法。
答案2
剥猫皮的方法有很多种
这是相当可移植的（-L 是 posix 要求）
find -L /path/you/care/about -type l 2>/dev/null | mail -s "Broken symlinks detected" [email protected]
您没有定义 broken，上面的命令会向您发送在您关心的文件系统部分中没有目标的损坏链接。它还会报告 stderr 文件系统循环和符号链接级别过多等问题。如果您也关心这些问题，请将 stderr 重定向到您的邮件
find -L /path/you/care/about -type l 2>&1 | mail ...
如果你的发现支持它-readable很有用而且快速
find /path/you/care/about -type l ! -readable | mail ...
上面的输出包括带有过多级别符号链接问题的链接，但不包含文件系统循环。
如果你关心的文件系统的部分有不同的路径，那么
find /path/you/care/about /another/path ...
答案3
我将为您提供一个 Linux 答案，如果需要，您可以根据自己的 Unix 进行调整：
find . -type l ! -execdir test -e {} \; -print >> broken_symlinks.txt; mutt -s "Broken symlinks" [email protected] < broken_symlinks.txt; rm -f broken_symlinks.txt
第二个选项是ls -LR | grep 'cannot access'或对上面的 find 命令进行一些修改。
编辑：
是的，这更好：find . -type l ! -execdir test -e {} \; -print | mail -s "Broken symlinks" [email protected]
答案4
Fedora 和 Ubuntu 提供该symlinks实用程序。该实用程序是本机 elf 可执行文件，而不是包装器 shell 脚本。该实用程序已预安装在 Fedora 上。您可能需要在 Ubuntu 上安装该实用程序。
使用该symlinks实用程序，您可以使用以下命令审核悬空链接。
sudo symlinks -r /usr | grep dangling
如果悬空链接的目标可以删除，则发出以下命令将其删除。
sudo symlinks -r -d /usr
以下是 Fedora 31 服务器上的输出示例。和debian-logo.png是ubuntu-logo.png正确的。
$ sudo symlinks -r /usr | grep dangling
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/0a/21c737b7a56e803b12724b2bc4a8d27654ee0e -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Cwd/Cwd.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/0c/352d0ca7513dad8eb098d3ad0684379a835aed -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Unicode/Collate/Collate.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/1b/99d9d65010cdcc2193b873e7e825e70e23422b -> ../../../../usr/sbin/quota_nld
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/1c/c667de4368e4d621257070a451684c373f9952 -> ../../../../usr/sbin/rpc.rquotad
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/24/cfecf40f5fca30662589eb016da08a28767697 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/DB_File/DB_File.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/25/42192b89d9eaf9c9782b0c22f91ee6440482cd -> ../../../../usr/lib64/dovecot/lib95_imap_filter_sieve_plugin.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/2a/a949ebff931bc3732fc396a0f2b294bb9e854b -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Digest/MD5/MD5.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/34/2a46c23513258e09e87d6808b784a8b6491ff8 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Storable/Storable.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/43/e0a6db8e2b4f4aeb8f5ebb69f3cc716fc5d1cd -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/threads/shared/shared.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/4a/661475701d2cdcfb7d085c3e6f9bd05485d207 -> ../../../../usr/bin/coreutils.single
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/65/46b22b19cdfee2dfab7754d8d7ea316342151b -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Compress/Raw/Zlib/Zlib.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/73/60dbe43c8b6c4a666a3bd0dc75e16a679bb784 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/libncurses++.so.6.1
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/7a/26a4df12398dbb4130f04a1c367a4dcc7d442b -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Unicode/Normalize/Normalize.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/7f/fd3bbd111b6654bfd1b243704efa96ec2d4863 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Encode/EBCDIC/EBCDIC.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/83/2c8a2df088752fdcc9a9551ffce7b3176a4d49 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Compress/Raw/Bzip2/Bzip2.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/8b/65c6430553b93525c53d5cc2ba8fcf4ff3aaee -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/MIME/Base64/Base64.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/8d/c5a840771ecedd3469ee2f46d069a2eda43bf4 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Sys/Syslog/Syslog.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/91/5242c5632706f91d83e37781b0f9f3fea7095e -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Encode/JP/JP.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/ce/88cf936cb7a769cb86fc5a6573e9eb1dd34f11 -> ../../../../usr/sbin/warnquota
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/cf/4163f54ccf50ecdf167458d9c191340923e397 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/dovecot/lib90_sieve_plugin.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/db/462bcd4628914e304d29efdb91c9ef4c8a429c -> ../../../../usr/libexec/dovecot/managesieve
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/e4/d5521acb2c6258e041ce769b598b2321b1b759 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/threads/threads.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/e8/90366944201ec9b95741c6412384694bdd7512 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Data/Dumper/Dumper.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/e8/249d9630ae331b9202bae7f673e9252fa7253b -> ../../../../usr/sbin/xfs_scrub
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/e9/84aa80676f59c7c2509cbff7adc9c75eda481f -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Encode/TW/TW.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/eb/adfc3dbd92dd3c040503abd748801b545cc86f -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Time/Piece/Piece.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/f1/9dc36368503cdc9fefccc69d5746b63e47908d -> ../../../../usr/libexec/dovecot/managesieve-login
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/f4/39e5769bde9d9f8d4544c8f71196ad71ac5f51 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Encode/Symbol/Symbol.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/f5/78cbcea9f6912e60cdddb66910261996ad6141 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Encode/Byte/Byte.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/fc/6f59624f604d702f001f613defb4e076937073 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Encode/CN/CN.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/55/4466f3ba07d8c68e182f4664bea89edc6ca977 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Encode/KR/KR.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/9b/b76a0d6b526ae41ae293e3a380965d6dfbcddb -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Encode/Encode.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/e5/9f2cc2a60b3c93cb80f676cb10c33947fff9e1 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Filter/Util/Call/Call.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/1e/0069b4c149b951f05d0a5cc7e422c776fb3e41 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/python3.7/site-packages/gi/_gi_cairo.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/36/2656ff4bc2e2d6cd08cd86aa629fecfb37e313 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Devel/Peek/Peek.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/f2/166998840d21e70379abff23a98988717afc3a -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Digest/SHA/SHA.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/0d/af1e73e410de195ea920b2384fc69d410ec087 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/List/Util/Util.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/d3/46ece08a996170f1e5033ba95d18e2254f54ed -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Socket/Socket.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/69/74f3ebcf11fa8d9a19ee54eb50af14be2f42dc -> ../../../../usr/lib64/dovecot/doveadm/lib10_doveadm_sieve_plugin.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/69/9bacf31170b09a56bb033ede6581984d33c0f7 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Time/HiRes/HiRes.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/96/26d1666cace24a81ee5a77fe9e579258ac342e -> ../../../../usr/lib64/libncurses++w.so.6.1
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/5c/c6279fd36f22e35b83b0ac73356dc1a4d76df1 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Encode/Unicode/Unicode.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/9c/ff1249bda228d9278c9c347d0cab4437056810 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/IPC/SysV/SysV.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/5e/213a5bf6193f8184edda1f6278c30a9acaf694 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/perl5/auto/Math/BigInt/FastCalc/FastCalc.so
dangling: /usr/lib/.build-id/53/f0c8286103cbd403235e800f53d4b023671916 -> ../../../../usr/lib64/dovecot/lib95_imap_sieve_plugin.so
dangling: /usr/lib/modules/5.3.11-300.fc31.x86_64/build -> /usr/src/kernels/5.3.11-300.fc31.x86_64
dangling: /usr/lib/modules/5.3.11-300.fc31.x86_64/source -> build
dangling: /usr/lib/lsb/install_initd -> ../../../sbin/chkconfig
dangling: /usr/lib/lsb/remove_initd -> ../../../sbin/chkconfig
dangling: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/32/libasan.a -> ../../../i686-redhat-linux/9/libasan.a
dangling: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/32/libatomic.a -> ../../../i686-redhat-linux/9/libatomic.a
dangling: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/32/libgomp.so -> ../../../../libgomp.so.1.0.0
dangling: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/32/libitm.a -> ../../../i686-redhat-linux/9/libitm.a
dangling: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/32/libquadmath.a -> ../../../i686-redhat-linux/9/libquadmath.a
dangling: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/32/libubsan.a -> ../../../i686-redhat-linux/9/libubsan.a
dangling: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/32/libstdc++.a -> ../../../i686-redhat-linux/9/libstdc++.a
dangling: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/32/libstdc++.so -> ../../../../libstdc++.so.6.0.27
dangling: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/32/libstdc++fs.a -> ../../../i686-redhat-linux/9/libstdc++fs.a
dangling: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/32/libsupc++.a -> ../../../i686-redhat-linux/9/libsupc++.a
dangling: /usr/share/doc/hunspell/README -> README.md
dangling: /usr/share/man/man7/gnupg2.7.gz -> gnupg.7.gz
dangling: /usr/share/man/man1/ex.1.gz -> vim.1.gz
dangling: /usr/share/man/man1/rview.1.gz -> vim.1.gz
dangling: /usr/share/man/man1/view.1.gz -> vim.1.gz
dangling: /usr/share/cockpit/branding/debian/favicon.ico -> /usr/share/pixmaps/debian-logo.png
dangling: /usr/share/cockpit/branding/debian/logo.png -> /usr/share/pixmaps/debian-logo.png
dangling: /usr/share/cockpit/branding/ubuntu/logo.png -> /usr/share/plymouth/ubuntu-logo.png