我已经使用 Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS 和 LEMP 堆栈设置了一个本地测试虚拟机。这是一种非常规的设置，因为我在 Windows 上进行开发，所以我没有将所有 PHP 脚本都放在本地机器上，而是将 NTFS 共享安装为文档根目录。直到今天早上，我一切都运行正常，但现在我不断收到可怕的“文件未找到”错误。
我几乎可以肯定这一定与权限有关，因为如果我将我的网站复制到/var/www，nginx 和 php-fpm 就可以毫无问题地提供我的 PHP 脚本。我无法弄清楚的是，为什么突然（在服务器重新启动后）不会提供任何 PHP 文件，而只是出现“文件未找到”错误。静态文件工作正常，所以我认为是 PHP 造成了麻烦。
nginx 和 php-fpm 都配置为以用户 www-data 身份运行：
root@ubuntu-server:~# ps aux | grep 'nginx\|php-fpm'
root 1095 0.0 0.0 5816 792 ? Ss 11:11 0:00 nginx: master process /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
www-data 1096 0.0 0.1 6016 1172 ? S 11:11 0:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 1098 0.0 0.1 6016 1172 ? S 11:11 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 1130 0.0 0.4 175560 4212 ? Ss 11:11 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php5/php-fpm.conf)
www-data 1131 0.0 0.3 175560 3216 ? S 11:11 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
www-data 1132 0.0 0.3 175560 3216 ? S 11:11 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
www-data 1133 0.0 0.3 175560 3216 ? S 11:11 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
root 1686 0.0 0.0 4368 816 pts/1 S+ 11:11 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx\|php-fpm
/mnt/webfiles我已通过编辑/etc/fstab和添加以下行安装了 NTFS 共享：
//192.168.0.199/c$/Websites/ /mnt/webfiles cifs username=Jordan,password=mypasswordhere,gid=33,uid=33 0 0
其中 gid 33 是 www-data 组，uid 33 是用户 www-data。如果我列出我的某个网站的内容，您实际上可以看到它们属于用户 www-data：
root@ubuntu-server:~# ls -l /mnt/webfiles/nTv5-2.0
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Jun 6 19:12 app
drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Aug 22 19:00 assets
-rwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 1150 Jan 4 2012 favicon.ico
-rwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 1412 Dec 28 2011 index.php
drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Jun 3 16:44 lib
drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Jan 3 2012 plugins
drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Jun 3 16:45 vendors
如果我切换到 www-data 用户，我就可以毫无问题地在共享上创建一个新文件：
root@ubuntu-server:~# su www-data
$ > /mnt/webfiles/test.txt
$ ls -l /mnt/webfiles | grep test\.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Sep 8 11:19 test.txt
以用户 www-data 身份运行 php-fpm 读取或写入共享应该没有问题。
当我检查 nginx 的错误日志时，它充满了如下几行：
2012/09/08 11:22:36 [error] 1096#0: *1 FastCGI sent in stderr: "Primary script unknown" while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.0.199, server: , request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock:", host: "192.168.0.123"
2012/09/08 11:22:39 [error] 1096#0: *1 FastCGI sent in stderr: "Primary script unknown" while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.0.199, server: , request: "GET /apc.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock:", host: "192.168.0.123"
奇怪的是，以前这个功能是可以正常工作的，但现在 PHP 突然抱怨说它无法“找到”共享上的脚本。有人知道为什么会发生这种情况吗？
编辑
我尝试编辑 php-fpm.conf 并更改chdir为以下内容：
chdir = /mnt/webfiles
当我尝试重新启动 php-fpm 服务时，出现错误：
Starting php-fpm [08-Sep-2012 14:20:55] ERROR: [pool www] the chdir path '/mnt/webfiles' does not exist or is not a directory
这完全是胡说八道，因为这个目录确实存在并且已挂载！任何ls列出该目录的命令都可以正常工作。为什么 PHP-FPM 看不到这个目录？！
以下是我的配置文件，供参考：
nginx.conf
user www-data;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx.log info;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
multi_accept on;
}
http {
include fastcgi.conf;
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
set_real_ip_from 127.0.0.1;
real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;
## Proxy
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size 32m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffers 32 4k;
## Compression
gzip on;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)";
### TCP options
tcp_nodelay on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
sendfile on;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
我的网站配置
server {
listen 80;
access_log /var/log/nginx/$host.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
root /mnt/webfiles/nTv5-2.0/app/webroot;
index index.php;
## Block bad bots
if ($http_user_agent ~* (HTTrack|HTMLParser|libcurl|discobot|Exabot|Casper|kmccrew|plaNETWORK|RPT-HTTPClient)) {
return 444;
}
## Block certain Referers (case insensitive)
if ($http_referer ~* (sex|vigra|viagra) ) {
return 444;
}
## Deny dot files:
location ~ /\. {
deny all;
}
## Favicon Not Found
location = /favicon.ico {
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
}
## Robots.txt Not Found
location = /robots.txt {
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
}
if (-f $document_root/maintenance.html) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /maintenance.html last;
}
location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ {
# Some basic cache-control for static files to be sent to the browser
expires max;
add_header Pragma public;
add_header Cache-Control "max-age=2678400, public, must-revalidate";
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ index.php;
if (-f $request_filename) {
break;
}
rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.php?url=$1 last;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}
}
php-fpm.conf
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; FPM Configuration ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; All relative paths in this configuration file are relative to PHP's install
; prefix (/opt/php5). This prefix can be dynamicaly changed by using the
; '-p' argument from the command line.
; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of
; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
; file.
; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:
; - the global prefix if it's been set (-p arguement)
; - /opt/php5 otherwise
;include=etc/fpm.d/*.conf
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Global Options ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
[global]
; Pid file
; Note: the default prefix is /opt/php5/var
; Default Value: none
pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid
; Error log file
; Note: the default prefix is /opt/php5/var
; Default Value: log/php-fpm.log
error_log = /var/log/php5-fpm/php-fpm.log
; Log level
; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug
; Default Value: notice
;log_level = notice
; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time
; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value
; of '0' means 'Off'.
; Default Value: 0
;emergency_restart_threshold = 0
; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when
; a graceful restart will be initiated. This can be useful to work around
; accidental corruptions in an accelerator's shared memory.
; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
;emergency_restart_interval = 0
; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master.
; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
;process_control_timeout = 0
; Send FPM to background. Set to 'no' to keep FPM in foreground for debugging.
; Default Value: yes
;daemonize = yes
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Pool Definitions ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Multiple pools of child processes may be started with different listening
; ports and different management options. The name of the pool will be
; used in logs and stats. There is no limitation on the number of pools which
; FPM can handle. Your system will tell you anyway :)
; Start a new pool named 'www'.
; the variable $pool can we used in any directive and will be replaced by the
; pool name ('www' here)
[www]
; Per pool prefix
; It only applies on the following directives:
; - 'slowlog'
; - 'listen' (unixsocket)
; - 'chroot'
; - 'chdir'
; - 'php_values'
; - 'php_admin_values'
; When not set, the global prefix (or /opt/php5) applies instead.
; Note: This directive can also be relative to the global prefix.
; Default Value: none
;prefix = /path/to/pools/$pool
; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests.
; Valid syntaxes are:
; 'ip.add.re.ss:port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific address on
; a specific port;
; 'port' - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses on a
; specific port;
; '/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock
; Set listen(2) backlog. A value of '-1' means unlimited.
; Default Value: 128 (-1 on FreeBSD and OpenBSD)
;listen.backlog = -1
; List of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients which are allowed to connect.
; Equivalent to the FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment variable in the original
; PHP FCGI (5.2.2+). Makes sense only with a tcp listening socket. Each address
; must be separated by a comma. If this value is left blank, connections will be
; accepted from any ip address.
; Default Value: any
;listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write
; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many
; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user
; mode is set to 0666
;listen.owner = www-data
;listen.group = www-data
;listen.mode = 0666
; Unix user/group of processes
; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
; will be used.
user = www-data
group = www-data
; Choose how the process manager will control the number of child processes.
; Possible Values:
; static - a fixed number (pm.max_children) of child processes;
; dynamic - the number of child processes are set dynamically based on the
; following directives:
; pm.max_children - the maximum number of children that can
; be alive at the same time.
; pm.start_servers - the number of children created on startup.
; pm.min_spare_servers - the minimum number of children in 'idle'
; state (waiting to process). If the number
; of 'idle' processes is less than this
; number then some children will be created.
; pm.max_spare_servers - the maximum number of children in 'idle'
; state (waiting to process). If the number
; of 'idle' processes is greater than this
; number then some children will be killed.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm = dynamic
; The number of child processes to be created when pm is set to 'static' and the
; maximum number of child processes to be created when pm is set to 'dynamic'.
; This value sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be
; served. Equivalent to the ApacheMaxClients directive with mpm_prefork.
; Equivalent to the PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment variable in the original PHP
; CGI.
; Note: Used when pm is set to either 'static' or 'dynamic'
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm.max_children = 50
; The number of child processes created on startup.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Default Value: min_spare_servers + (max_spare_servers - min_spare_servers) / 2
pm.start_servers = 20
; The desired minimum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
; The desired maximum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
; The number of requests each child process should execute before respawning.
; This can be useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. For
; endless request processing specify '0'. Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS.
; Default Value: 0
pm.max_requests = 500
; The URI to view the FPM status page. If this value is not set, no URI will be
; recognized as a status page. By default, the status page shows the following
; information:
; accepted conn - the number of request accepted by the pool;
; pool - the name of the pool;
; process manager - static or dynamic;
; idle processes - the number of idle processes;
; active processes - the number of active processes;
; total processes - the number of idle + active processes.
; max children reached - number of times, the process limit has been reached,
; when pm tries to start more children (works only for
; pm 'dynamic')
; The values of 'idle processes', 'active processes' and 'total processes' are
; updated each second. The value of 'accepted conn' is updated in real time.
; Example output:
; accepted conn: 12073
; pool: www
; process manager: static
; idle processes: 35
; active processes: 65
; total processes: 100
; max children reached: 1
; By default the status page output is formatted as text/plain. Passing either
; 'html' or 'json' as a query string will return the corresponding output
; syntax. Example:
; http://www.foo.bar/status
; http://www.foo.bar/status?json
; http://www.foo.bar/status?html
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
; anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
; may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set
pm.status_path = /status
; The ping URI to call the monitoring page of FPM. If this value is not set, no
; URI will be recognized as a ping page. This could be used to test from outside
; that FPM is alive and responding, or to
; - create a graph of FPM availability (rrd or such);
; - remove a server from a group if it is not responding (load balancing);
; - trigger alerts for the operating team (24/7).
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
; anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
; may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set
ping.path = /ping
; This directive may be used to customize the response of a ping request. The
; response is formatted as text/plain with a 200 response code.
; Default Value: pong
ping.response = pong
; The timeout for serving a single request after which the worker process will
; be killed. This option should be used when the 'max_execution_time' ini option
; does not stop script execution for some reason. A value of '0' means 'off'.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
;request_terminate_timeout = 0
; The timeout for serving a single request after which a PHP backtrace will be
; dumped to the 'slowlog' file. A value of '0s' means 'off'.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
;request_slowlog_timeout = 0
; The log file for slow requests
; Default Value: not set
; Note: slowlog is mandatory if request_slowlog_timeout is set
;slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow
; Set open file descriptor rlimit.
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_files = 1024
; Set max core size rlimit.
; Possible Values: 'unlimited' or an integer greater or equal to 0
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_core = 0
; Chroot to this directory at the start. This value must be defined as an
; absolute path. When this value is not set, chroot is not used.
; Note: you can prefix with '$prefix' to chroot to the pool prefix or one
; of its subdirectories. If the pool prefix is not set, the global prefix
; will be used instead.
; Note: chrooting is a great security feature and should be used whenever
; possible. However, all PHP paths will be relative to the chroot
; (error_log, sessions.save_path, ...).
; Default Value: not set
;chroot =
; Chdir to this directory at the start.
; Note: relative path can be used.
; Default Value: current directory or / when chroot
;chdir = /var/www
; Redirect worker stdout and stderr into main error log. If not set, stdout and
; stderr will be redirected to /dev/null according to FastCGI specs.
; Note: on highloaded environement, this can cause some delay in the page
; process time (several ms).
; Default Value: no
;catch_workers_output = yes
; Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH. All $VARIABLEs are taken from
; the current environment.
; Default Value: clean env
;env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
;env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
;env[TMP] = /tmp
;env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
;env[TEMP] = /tmp
; Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. These settings
; overwrite the values previously defined in the php.ini. The directives are the
; same as the PHP SAPI:
; php_value/php_flag - you can set classic ini defines which can
; be overwritten from PHP call 'ini_set'.
; php_admin_value/php_admin_flag - these directives won't be overwritten by
; PHP call 'ini_set'
; For php_*flag, valid values are on, off, 1, 0, true, false, yes or no.
; Defining 'extension' will load the corresponding shared extension from
; extension_dir. Defining 'disable_functions' or 'disable_classes' will not
; overwrite previously defined php.ini values, but will append the new value
; instead.
; Note: path INI options can be relative and will be expanded with the prefix
; (pool, global or /opt/php5)
; Default Value: nothing is defined by default except the values in php.ini and
; specified at startup with the -d argument
;php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f [email protected]
;php_flag[display_errors] = off
;php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/fpm-php.www.log
;php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
;php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 32M
php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
答案1
我终于设法搞清楚了！原来是挂载的问题 - 我没有依赖服务器 (Windows) 传递 inode 编号，而是设置客户端 (Ubuntu) 来生成 inode 编号，结果竟然成功了！下面是我修改后的挂载命令/etc/fstab：
//192.168.0.199/c$/Websites/ /mnt/webfiles cifs username=Jordan,password=xxx,gid=33,uid=33,rw,noserverino 0 0
关键是选择noserverino。喝啤酒的时间到了。