无法通过我的笔记本电脑无线卡使用 ALFA-AWUS036NHA

无法通过我的笔记本电脑无线卡使用 ALFA-AWUS036NHA

我最近购买了 ALFA-AWUS03NHA 无线卡,我正在运行 Debian,并且我想将该卡与 aircrack-ng 工具套件一起使用。然而,我很确定它正在使用我的笔记本电脑无线卡,原因有几个:ALFA 卡上的灯从不闪烁,如果我运行命令并拔掉卡,这没有什么区别。

我对该卡的驱动程序进行了一些研究,我相信它使用 AR9271 驱动程序,该驱动程序包含在一些名为“ath_9k”的下载中。但我认为这已经安装了,至少当我运行 lsmod 时,驱动程序会显示出来:

在插入卡之前,我运行以下命令:

~$ sudo iwconfig
[sudo] password for root: 
eth0      no wireless extensions.

lo        no wireless extensions.

wlan0     IEEE 802.11bgn  ESSID:"..."  
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.412 GHz  Access Point: "MA:CA:DD:RE:SS"   
          Bit Rate=54 Mb/s   Tx-Power=16 dBm   
          Retry short limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Encryption key:off
          Power Management:off
          Link Quality=56/70  Signal level=-54 dBm  
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:53   Missed beacon:0

~$ sudo ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr "mac_address"  
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:"ip address" Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: "..." Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:166 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:166 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:29969 (29.2 KiB)  TX bytes:29969 (29.2 KiB)

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr "..."  
          inet addr: "..."  Bcast: "..."  Mask:255.255.240.0
          inet6 addr: "..." Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:8272 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:5897 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:10531170 (10.0 MiB)  TX bytes:766102 (748.1 KiB)

    ~$ lsmod | grep ath
ath9k                  98430  0 
ath9k_common           12634  1 ath9k
ath9k_hw              391009  2 ath9k_common,ath9k
ath                    26026  3 ath9k_common,ath9k,ath9k_hw
mac80211              488308  1 ath9k
cfg80211              436618  3 ath,ath9k,mac80211

我省略了一些内容,例如可识别的网络信息和地址,以及 lsmod 中的很多内容以节省空间,我只包含了包含 ath9k 的所有内容。

现在我插入卡,并运行以下命令:

~$ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 005: ID 0cf3:9271 Atheros Communications, Inc. AR9271 802.11n
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 062a:4102 Creative Labs 
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 04f2:b1d6 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd 
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

记下驱动程序编号(这是驱动程序号还是芯片组号?有什么区别吗?):9271。

~$ sudo iwconfig
eth0      no wireless extensions.

lo        no wireless extensions.

wlan0     IEEE 802.11bgn  ESSID:"..."  
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.412 GHz  Access Point: "..."  
          Bit Rate=54 Mb/s   Tx-Power=16 dBm   
          Retry short limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Encryption key:off
          Power Management:off
          Link Quality=56/70  Signal level=-54 dBm  
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:1  Invalid misc:59   Missed beacon:0

~$ sudo ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr "..." 
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:"..."  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: "..." Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:178 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:178 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:33921 (33.1 KiB)  TX bytes:33921 (33.1 KiB)

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr "..."  
          inet addr:"..."  Bcast:"..."  Mask:255.255.240.0
          inet6 addr: "..." Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:10338 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:7222 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:13177945 (12.5 MiB)  TX bytes:1030820 (1006.6 KiB)

运行 if/iwconfig 似乎返回几乎相同的输出,无论有没有卡。

~$ sudo airmon-ng start wlan0


Found 3 processes that could cause trouble.
If airodump-ng, aireplay-ng or airtun-ng stops working after
a short period of time, you may want to kill (some of) them!
-e 
PID Name
2675    NetworkManager
2847    wpa_supplicant
3886    dhclient
Process with PID 3886 (dhclient) is running on interface wlan0


Interface   Chipset     Driver

wlan0       Atheros AR9285  ath9k - [phy0]
                (monitor mode enabled on mon0)

首先要注意的是 AR9285,与无线卡列出的芯片组/驱动程序不同。插上卡后,似乎还有一个可以访问的无线接口,wlan0。应该发生什么情况,我是否会在旧接口之上获得一个新接口 wlan1,或者无线卡是否应该覆盖另一个接口并成为新的 wlan0?

如果我现在插入卡后运行与之前相同的 lsmod 命令,我会在“usbcore”部分中看到新的驱动程序:

~$ lsmod | grep ath
ath9k_htc              64602  0 
ath9k                  98430  0 
ath9k_common           12634  2 ath9k,ath9k_htc
ath9k_hw              391009  3 ath9k_common,ath9k,ath9k_htc
ath                    26026  4 ath9k_common,ath9k,ath9k_htc,ath9k_hw
mac80211              488308  2 ath9k,ath9k_htc
cfg80211              436618  4 ath,ath9k,mac80211,ath9k_htc
usbcore               166472  5 uvcvideo,ehci_hcd,ehci_pci,usbhid,ath9k_htc

我很确定这些事情都没有发生,而是无线卡根本没有被使用,我确信这一点,因为我可以拔掉它而不会产生任何影响,并且它在设置或执行期间的任何时候都不会闪烁命令。

那么,问题来了!

我是否为该卡安装了正确的驱动程序?如果是这样,为什么它不起作用?我看过的每个视频或教程都假设阿尔法是即插即用的。我在这里错过了一些步骤吗?

答案1

要在 Debian 9 中修复此问题,请将以下存储库添加到/etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free

然后安装相应的驱动程序:

apt update; apt-get install firmware-misc-nonfree

现在它应该可以正常工作了:

root@debian:~# wpa_supplicant -i wlx00xx -c wpa_supplicant.conf -D wext
Successfully initialized wpa_supplicant
wlx00xx: CTRL-EVENT-SCAN-FAILED ret=-1 retry=1
wlx00xx: Trying to associate with xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx (SSID='TestWiFi' freq=5640 MHz)
wlx00xx: Association request to the driver failed
wlx00xx: Associated with xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
wlx00xx: WPA: Key negotiation completed with xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx [PTK=CCMP GTK=CCMP]
wlx00xx: CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx completed [id=0 id_str=]

现在您可以使用 请求 IP dhclient wlx00xx

答案2

解决了。

事实证明我没有安装正确的驱动程序,我只是对 lsmod 中列出的驱动程序(仅在 usbcore 部分下)感到困惑,发现它实际上并未安装。捂脸

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