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如何获取有关.deb
包存档的信息?
例如:包信息、版本、安装大小、架构、描述和许可.deb
包存档中的信息等?
答案1
您可以使用dpkg-deb
用于操作 Debian 软件包存档 (.deb) 的命令。
来自联机帮助页:-
-I, --info archive [control-file-name...]
Provides information about a binary package archive.
If no control-file-names are specified then it will print a summary of the contents of the package as
well as its control file.
If any control-file-names are specified then dpkg-deb will print them in the order they were specified;
if any of the components weren't present it will print an error message to stderr about each one and
exit with status 2.
用法示例:-
$ dpkg-deb -I intltool_0.50.2-2_all.deb
new debian package, version 2.0.
size 52040 bytes: control archive=1242 bytes.
831 bytes, 19 lines control
1189 bytes, 18 lines md5sums
Package: intltool
Version: 0.50.2-2
Architecture: all
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email protected]>
Original-Maintainer: Debian GNOME Maintainers <[email protected]>
Installed-Size: 239
Depends: gettext (>= 0.10.36-1), patch, automake | automaken, perl (>= 5.8.1), libxml-parser-perl, file
Provides: xml-i18n-tools
Section: devel
Priority: optional
Multi-Arch: foreign
Homepage: https://launchpad.net/intltool
Description: Utility scripts for internationalizing XML
Automatically extracts translatable strings from oaf, glade, bonobo
ui, nautilus theme and other XML files into the po files.
.
Automatically merges translations from po files back into .oaf files
(encoding to be 7-bit clean). The merging mechanism can also be
extended to support other types of XML files.
您可以通过以下方式列出内容dpkg-deb -c
:-
用法示例:
$ dpkg-deb -c libnotify-bin_0.7.6-1ubuntu3_i386.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-02-22 05:24 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-02-22 05:24 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-02-22 05:24 ./usr/bin/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 9764 2014-02-22 05:24 ./usr/bin/notify-send
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-02-22 05:24 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-02-22 05:24 ./usr/share/man/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-02-22 05:24 ./usr/share/man/man1/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 773 2014-02-22 05:24 ./usr/share/man/man1/notify-send.1.gz
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-02-22 05:24 ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-02-22 05:25 ./usr/share/doc/libnotify-bin/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1327 2011-07-31 03:11 ./usr/share/doc/libnotify-bin/copyright
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2014-02-22 05:25 ./usr/share/doc/libnotify-bin/AUTHORS -> ../libnotify4/AUTHORS
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2014-02-22 05:25 ./usr/share/doc/libnotify-bin/NEWS.gz -> ../libnotify4/NEWS.gz
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2014-02-22 05:25 ./usr/share/doc/libnotify-bin/changelog.Debian.gz -> ../libnotify4/changelog.Debian.gz
获取许可信息:-
大部分档案版权信息可从/usr/share/doc/<pkgname>/copyright
例子 :-
$ dpkg-deb -c gparted_0.18.0-1_i386.deb | grep -i copyright
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1067 2011-12-08 00:34 ./usr/share/doc/gparted/copyright
您可以从中提取-x
并查找执照根据它被释放。
这里:-
$ cat /usr/share/doc/gparted/copyright | grep -i ^license -A 5
License:
This package is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; version 2 dated June, 1991.
如需更多信息,请运行man dpkg-deb
。
答案2
您可以用来dpkg -f (archive) (field name)
执行此操作。
例子:
dpkg -f archive.deb Version
dpkg -f archive.deb Package
要获取可能的字段名称:
dpkg --info archive.deb
答案3
灵感来自https://sleeplessbeastie.eu/2018/03/05/how-to-display-dependency-for-deb-package/:
如果您被困在不同的系统上而无法访问 dpkg/dpkg-deb,快速破解方法是使用 binutils 中的 ar 和 tar 的组合来提取必要的文件/信息。这可以通过 conda 安装;例如对于 win-64:
conda install -c msys2 m2w64-binutils
conda install -c msys2 m2-tar
提取控制文件信息的示例:
ar -x <input_file.deb> control.tar.gz
tar --to-stdout --gzip --extract --file control.tar.gz ./control
提取许可证信息的示例(另请参阅 Pandya 的回答)
ar -x gparted_0.18.0-1_i386.deb data.tar.bz2
tar --to-stdout --bzip2 --extract --file data.tar.bz2 ./usr/share/doc/gparted/copyright
如果您不确定 .deb 中的内容,您可以使用
ar -t <input_file.deb>
列出包文件中的所有文件