我运行 VPS，我不得不说，到目前为止，让 SpamAssassin 正常工作是最令人沮丧的事情。它总是漏掉垃圾邮件，我autolearn=ham在标题中看到了，但当我在/var/vmail服务器上找到邮件并运行spamassassin -t测试时，它给出的分数超过 100（因为发件人在我的黑名单上）。毫无意义。
这是X-Spam-Status电子邮件的标题：
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-0.5 required=3.4 tests=BAYES_05,HTML_MESSAGE,
NO_RECEIVED,NO_RELAYS autolearn=ham version=3.3.2
为什么这里的分数是 -0.5，为什么它被自动学习为正常行为？然而，运行spamassassin -t此消息得到的结果如下：
Content analysis details: (103.0 points, 3.4 required)
pts rule name description
---- ---------------------- --------------------------------------------------
100 USER_IN_BLACKLIST From: address is in the user's black-list
0.0 FREEMAIL_FROM Sender email is commonly abused enduser mail provider
(advertise.bz222hwpxo[at]gmail.com)
-0.0 NO_RELAYS Informational: message was not relayed via SMTP
3.0 BAYES_95 BODY: Bayes spam probability is 95 to 99%
[score: 0.9502]
0.0 T_OBFU_HTML_ATTACH BODY: HTML attachment with non-text MIME type
0.0 T_HTML_ATTACH HTML attachment to bypass scanning?
-0.0 NO_RECEIVED Informational: message has no Received headers
我完全糊涂了。任何帮助都将不胜感激！
配置文件
/etc/postfix/master.cf
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
-o content_filter=spamassassin
#smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
-o content_filter=spamassassin
# -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination,reject
-o smtpd_sasl_security_options=noanonymous,noplaintext
-o smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options=noanonymous
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd
pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
relay unix - - - - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:mail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/dovecot-lda -d $(recipient)
spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe
user=spamd argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e
/usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -f ${sender} ${recipient}
#sp-order unix - n n - - pipe
# user=sara argv=/home/sara/order-notify -f ${sender} -- ${recipient}
/etc/spamassassin/local.cf
# This is the right place to customize your installation of SpamAssassin.
#
# See 'perldoc Mail::SpamAssassin::Conf' for details of what can be
# tweaked.
#
# Only a small subset of options are listed below
#
###########################################################################
bayes_path /var/lib/spamassassin/.spamassassin/bayes
# Add *****SPAM***** to the Subject header of spam e-mails
#
rewrite_header Subject [***** SPAM _SCORE_ *****]
# Save spam messages as a message/rfc822 MIME attachment instead of
# modifying the original message (0: off, 2: use text/plain instead)
#
report_safe 0
# Set which networks or hosts are considered 'trusted' by your mail
# server (i.e. not spammers)
#
# trusted_networks 212.17.35.
# Set file-locking method (flock is not safe over NFS, but is faster)
#
# lock_method flock
# Network checks
skip_rbl_checks 0
use_razor2 0
#use_dcc 0
use_pyzor 0
# Set the threshold at which a message is considered spam (default: 5.0)
#
required_score 3.4
# Use Bayesian classifier (default: 1)
#
use_bayes 1
use_bayes_rules 1
# Bayesian classifier auto-learning (default: 1)
#
bayes_auto_learn 1
# Set headers which may provide inappropriate cues to the Bayesian
# classifier
#
# bayes_ignore_header X-Bogosity
# bayes_ignore_header X-Spam-Flag
# bayes_ignore_header X-Spam-Status
# Some shortcircuiting, if the plugin is enabled
#
ifplugin Mail::SpamAssassin::Plugin::Shortcircuit
#
# default: strongly-whitelisted mails are *really* whitelisted now, if the
# shortcircuiting plugin is active, causing early exit to save CPU load.
# Uncomment to turn this on
#
# shortcircuit USER_IN_WHITELIST on
# shortcircuit USER_IN_DEF_WHITELIST on
# shortcircuit USER_IN_ALL_SPAM_TO on
# shortcircuit SUBJECT_IN_WHITELIST on
# the opposite; blacklisted mails can also save CPU
#
# shortcircuit USER_IN_BLACKLIST on
# shortcircuit USER_IN_BLACKLIST_TO on
# shortcircuit SUBJECT_IN_BLACKLIST on
# if you have taken the time to correctly specify your "trusted_networks",
# this is another good way to save CPU
#
# shortcircuit ALL_TRUSTED on
# and a well-trained bayes DB can save running rules, too
#
# shortcircuit BAYES_99 spam
# shortcircuit BAYES_00 ham
endif # Mail::SpamAssassin::Plugin::Shortcircuit
blacklist_from [email protected]
blacklist_from advertise*@gmail.com
答案1
我怀疑您运行spamassassin -t测试时使用的用户与 postfix 调用测试时使用的用户不同。如果 postfix 已将权限从 root 降级，则它可能无法以除自身之外的任何用户身份运行。
由于您似乎以同一用户身份运行 SpamAssassin 中的每封邮件，因此您不需要在 SpamAssassin 中使用单独的帐户。尝试使用/etc/spamassassin/local.cf（或系统配置所在的任何位置）而不是~/.spamassassin/user_prefs黑名单，如果可行，请确保其他每个用户的项目也在全局范围内完成，尤其是站点范围贝叶斯（我能想到的另一个是锥子。
如果您确实想要每个用户的项目，您必须弄清楚您以哪个用户身份运行。要么翻阅您的日志，要么您可以运行top并观察测试消息的传入（虽然它会很快……）。