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如何修复硬盘错误？

tag-icon • tag-icon linux hard-drive
如何修复硬盘错误？

突然，我的硬盘不工作了。启动时，出现failed command: READ DMA错误status: { DRDY }。因此，我用 Live CD 启动系统并尝试安装硬盘。出现以下错误。

内核日志

Jan 29 18:58:43 mint kernel: [  353.763226] usb 1-5: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 5
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.895886] usb 1-5: New USB device found, idVendor=152d, idProduct=2338
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.895893] usb 1-5: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=5
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.895899] usb 1-5: Product: USB to ATA/ATAPI bridge
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.895903] usb 1-5: Manufacturer: JMicron
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.895907] usb 1-5: SerialNumber: 000000000000
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.896072] usb 1-5: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.896832] scsi5 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.897123] usb-storage: device found at 5
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.897127] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  358.887333] usb-storage: device scan complete
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  358.887831] scsi 5:0:0:0: Direct-Access     ST332041 8AS                   PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  358.889424] scsi 5:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  359.084346] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB)
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  359.085076] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  359.085082] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 28 00 00 00
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  359.085086] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Assuming drive cache: write through
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  359.086570] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Assuming drive cache: write through
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  359.086577]  sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 <
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.246559] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.246566] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.246573] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.246581] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.246588] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 02 8f ba f0 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.246604] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 42973936
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.246612] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 5371742
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375718] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375725] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375731] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375739] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375746] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 02 8f ba f0 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375762] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 42973936
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375769] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 5371742
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375794]  > sda4
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.483644] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.483650] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.483656] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.483663] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.483670] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 02 54 29 80 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.483685] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 39070080
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.483691] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 4883760
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608301] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608306] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608312] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608319] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608326] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 02 54 29 80 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608341] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 39070080
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608347] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 4883760
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.741338] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.741345] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.741352] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.741359] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.741367] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.741382] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.741390] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 0
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.742223] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Assuming drive cache: write through
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.742233] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.874351] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.874358] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.874365] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.874373] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.874380] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.874395] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.874403] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 0
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.998881] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.998888] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.998895] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.998903] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.998910] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.998925] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.998933] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 0
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  384.123538] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  384.123544] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  384.123550] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  384.123557] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  384.123564] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  384.123579] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0

有什么方法可以修复这些错误吗？

至少，如何从硬盘中恢复数据？因为我的硬盘里有更重要的数据。

这些错误意味着什么？

答案1

查看您的问题历史记录（这里和这里），我确实想知道这是否是导致您出现问题的同一驱动器6个月...

如果是这种情况，您已经收到足够的警告和关于如何处理故障磁盘的良好建议。至少，计划中应该有某种备份。

此时，专业的数据恢复服务可能是最佳选择。这似乎是一次缓慢的故障，所以可能是机械问题。一些数据恢复服务会更换驱动器控制器、臂、轴承等，甚至将盘片转移到新机制上，以尽最大努力从磁盘中恢复剩余数据。

获取估价。如果数据确实有价值，你就可以给它定价。

答案2

类似这样的错误：

Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608312] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608319] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error

通常意味着您的驱动器已烧坏，最快的解决方案是更换驱动器并从备份中恢复。

如果活动 CD 无法读取/安装磁盘，那么可能就没有简单/快速的方法来从磁盘恢复数据。因此，很遗憾，如果没有备份，你可能就完蛋了。

专业的数据恢复工具/服务可能会从磁盘中恢复一些数据，但我要提醒你，恢复的数据通常不是有用的格式，需要花费大量时间仔细浏览才能从磁盘中找到真正重要的文件，而且即使这样，通常也不能保证你会恢复所需的数据 - 还值得注意的是，通过这样的过程，你可能会进一步损坏你的磁盘，这可能会使恢复任何数据变得更加困难/不可能

规则1-始终进行一定程度的备份（即使只是用于保存重要文件的 Dropbox！）

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