在 Apache 2.2 下启用 CGI 执行时我遗漏了什么？

Question

我有一个全新的 Debian 安装（如果这不是一个矛盾的说法），使用 Apache 2.2.x，我在使用 Ubuntu Saucy 和 Apache 2.4.x 之后迁移到它，我为此而苦恼不已http://JonathansCorner.com/index.cgi（用于提供主页）给出 403。一个旧的静态http://JonathansCorner.com/index.html运行良好，以及网站内的其他静态页面。

我记得要做的是添加 mod_cgi：

root@ps306627:/etc/apache2/mods-enabled# ls *cgi*
cgi.load  cgid.conf  cgid.load  proxy_scgi.load

经过一番搜索后，我确认我需要 ExecCGI 和 AddHandler 指令：

    <Directory /home/cjsh/>
            Options +ExecCGI Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
            AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
            AllowOverride None
            Order allow,deny
            allow from all
    </Directory>

我认为可能是我没有明确说过 index.cgi 可以为 DirectoryIndex 提供服务，但是我已经说过：

    DirectoryIndex index.cgi index.html

此外，另一个 CGI 脚本http://JonathansCorner.com/sidebar_index.cgi其行为与主页完全一样并给出 403。

每次我想测试时，我都会重新启动服务器。我检查了目录权限；如果 Apache 进程无法访问静态内容，则不会提供静态内容，我仔细检查并确认，当我以 nobody 的身份从 shell 运行 index.cgi 时，它会给出我想要的输出，而不会出现 Linux 权限错误。

我还能给出什么理由来让别人解释为什么我没有插入所有我需要插入的东西来让 index.cgi 像从 nobody 的 shell 执行的那样工作？这是我的 apache2.conf 和 000-default.conf 的串联（我删除了 000-default；配置文件是从 Apache 2 导入的）。仍然有点困惑到底出了什么问题：

#   
# Based upon the NCSA server configuration files originally by Rob McCool.
#   
# This is the main Apache server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ for detailed information about
# the directives.
#   
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
# what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.
#   
# The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections:
#  1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a
#     whole (the 'global environment').
#  2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server,
#     which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host.
#     These directives also provide default values for the settings
#     of all virtual hosts.
#  3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to
#     different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the
#     same Apache server process.
#   
# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
# server will use that explicit path.  If the filenames do *not* begin
# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "foo.log"
# with ServerRoot set to "/etc/apache2" will be interpreted by the
# server as "/etc/apache2/foo.log".
#   

### Section 1: Global Environment
#   
# The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache,
# such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it
# can find its configuration files.
#   

#   
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#   
# NOTE!  If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network)
# mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation (available
# at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>);
# you will save yourself a lot of trouble.
#   
# Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path.
#   
#ServerRoot "/etc/apache2"

#   
# The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK.
#
LockFile ${APACHE_LOCK_DIR}/accept.lock

#
# PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process
# identification number when it starts.
# This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
#
PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE}

#
# Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out.
#
Timeout 300

#
# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than
# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.
#
KeepAlive On

#
# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow
# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.
# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.
#
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100

#
# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the
# same client on the same connection.
#
KeepAliveTimeout 15

##
## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific)
##

# prefork MPM
# StartServers: number of server processes to start
# MinSpareServers: minimum number of server processes which are kept spare
# MaxSpareServers: maximum number of server processes which are kept spare
# MaxClients: maximum number of server processes allowed to start
# MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves
<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
    StartServers          5
    MinSpareServers       5
    MaxSpareServers      10
    MaxClients          150
    MaxRequestsPerChild   0
</IfModule>

# worker MPM
# StartServers: initial number of server processes to start
# MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections
# MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare
# MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare
# ThreadLimit: ThreadsPerChild can be changed to this maximum value during a
#              graceful restart. ThreadLimit can only be changed by stopping
#              and starting Apache.
# ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process
# MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves
<IfModule mpm_worker_module>
    StartServers          2
    MinSpareThreads      25
    MaxSpareThreads      75
    ThreadLimit          64
    ThreadsPerChild      25
    MaxClients          150
    MaxRequestsPerChild   0
</IfModule>

# event MPM
# StartServers: initial number of server processes to start
# MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections
# MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare
# MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare
# ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process
# MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves
<IfModule mpm_event_module>
    StartServers          2
    MaxClients          150
    MinSpareThreads      25
    MaxSpareThreads      75
    ThreadLimit          64
    ThreadsPerChild      25
    MaxRequestsPerChild   0
</IfModule>

# These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
User ${APACHE_RUN_USER}
Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP}

#
# AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory
# for additional configuration directives.  See also the AllowOverride
# directive.
#

AccessFileName .htaccess

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#
<Files ~ "^\.ht">
    Order allow,deny
    Deny from all
    Satisfy all
</Files>

#
# DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document
# if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions.
# If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is
# a good value.  If most of your content is binary, such as applications
# or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to
# keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are
# text.
#
DefaultType text/plain


#
# HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses
# e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off).
# The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people
# had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that
# each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the
# nameserver.
#
HostnameLookups Off

# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

#
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
#
LogLevel warn

# Include module configuration:
Include mods-enabled/*.load
Include mods-enabled/*.conf

# Include all the user configurations:
Include httpd.conf

# Include ports listing
Include ports.conf
# Include ports listing
Include ports.conf

#
# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
# a CustomLog directive (see below).
# If you are behind a reverse proxy, you might want to change %h into %{X-Forwarded-For}i
#
LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent

# Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files,
# see README.Debian for details.

# Include generic snippets of statements
Include conf.d/

# Include the virtual host configurations:
Include sites-enabled/

AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

# End apache2.conf; begin sites-enabled/000-default.conf:

        #<VirtualHost *:80>
        #ServerName media.pragmatometer.com
        #ServerAlias media.ccachicago.pragmatometer.com
        #DocumentRoot /home/cjsh/ccachicago/media
        #<Directory "/home/cjsh/ccachicago/media/">
            #Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
            #AllowOverride None
            ##Order deny,allow
            ##Deny from all
            ##Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
        #</Directory>
        #ServerAdmin [email protected]
    #</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin [email protected]
    ServerName default.jonathanscorner.com
    DocumentRoot /home/cjsh/mirror
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://jonathanscorner.com$1 [R=301,L]
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerAdmin [email protected]

    ServerName jonathanscorner.com
    #ServerAlias dev.jonathanscorner.com
        DocumentRoot /home/cjsh/mirror
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteRule ^[SANATIZED]$ / [R=301,L]
    RewriteRule ^[SANAtIZED]$ / [R=301,L]
        <Directory />
                Options FollowSymLinks
                AllowOverride None
        </Directory>
        <Directory /home/cjsh/>
                Options +ExecCGI Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
                AllowOverride None
                Order allow,deny
                allow from all
        </Directory>

    DirectoryIndex index.cgi index.html
        ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
        <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
                AllowOverride None
                Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
                Order allow,deny
                Allow from all
        </Directory>

    ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
    ErrorDocument 500 /servererror.html
        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

        # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
        # alert, emerg.
        LogLevel warn

        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

    Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
    <Directory "/usr/share/doc/">
        Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Order deny,allow
        Deny from all
        Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerAdmin [email protected]
    ServerName www.jonathanscorner.com
    ServerAlias jonathonscorner.com www.jonathonscorner.com johnathanscorner.com www.johnathanscorner.com johnathonscorner.com www.johnathonscorner.com jonathanscorner.biz www.jonathanscorner.com jonathanscorner.org www.jonathanscorner.org jonathanscorner.info www.jonathanscorner.info jonathanscorner.net www.jonathanscorner.net
    DocumentRoot /home/cjsh/mirror

    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://jonathanscorner.com$1 [R=301,L]

</VirtualHost>

谢谢你的帮助。

Answer 1

有人评论说（不是在 SF 上），我不应该混合使用“+/-”和非“+/-”，以回应我的“Options +ExecCGI Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews”。

我删除了许多包含“+/-”的内容，现在它可以正常工作了。

非常感谢，