每次我尝试使用 apt 或 aptitude 安装或更新任何内容时，都会收到 python unicode 错误，从而阻止我更新系统。
我收到的错误如下：
File "/usr/bin/py3clean", line 4
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xc2' in file /usr/bin/py3clean on line 4, but no encoding declared; see http://python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/ for details
我点击链接，它谈到了设置 python 编码的神奇注释，但这当然不是正确的方法。我可以绕过手动添加魔术注释的错误py3clean，但随后另一个 python 文件报告了该问题。
我不是 python 用户，所以我很坚持它......是否有任何系统范围的变量我可以设置来控制 python 编码或任何其他方法来解决它？
我正在使用 Debian 测试 3.16.0-4-686-pae #1 SMP Debian 3.16.7-ckt4-3 (2015-02-03) i686 GNU/Linux。
谢谢。
编辑：以下是输出aptitude dist-upgrade
The following packages will be upgraded:
apache2 apache2-bin apache2-data apache2-dev apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apt apt-utils avahi-daemon bind9-host binutils bsd-mailx
bsdutils busybox bzip2 cli-common comerr-dev console-setup console-setup-linux coreutils cpio cpp cpp-4.8 cpp-4.9 cups cups-browsed
cups-bsd cups-client cups-common cups-core-drivers cups-daemon cups-filters cups-filters-core-drivers cups-ppdc cups-server-common
curl dbus dbus-x11 debconf debconf-i18n debhelper dmsetup dnsmasq-base dnsutils dpkg dpkg-dev dselect e2fslibs e2fsprogs evince
evince-common evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common exim4 exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light file
foomatic-db-compressed-ppds freerdp-x11 g++ g++-4.9 gcc gcc-4.8 gcc-4.8-base gcc-4.9 gcc-4.9-base gdisk gdm3 geoip-database
gir1.2-ebookcontacts-1.2 gir1.2-edataserver-1.2 gir1.2-evince-3.0 gir1.2-gdm3 gir1.2-gmenu-3.0 gir1.2-gtk-2.0
gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-3.0 gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0 gir1.2-rest-0.7 gir1.2-upowerglib-1.0 gir1.2-webkit-3.0 gnome-font-viewer
gnome-orca gnome-settings-daemon gnupg gnupg-agent gnupg2 google-chrome-stable gpgv growisofs grub-common grub-pc grub-pc-bin
grub2-common gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gtk2-engines-pixbuf hdparm heroku heroku-toolbelt hipchat host
icedtea-7-jre-jamvm icedtea-netx icedtea-netx-common iceweasel iceweasel-l10n-ca icu-devtools ifupdown initramfs-tools initscripts
installation-report isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common keyboard-configuration krb5-locales krb5-multidev lftp libapache2-mod-php5
libapt-inst1.5 libapt-pkg4.12 libarchive13 libasan0 libasan1 libatomic1 libav-tools libavahi-client-dev libavahi-client3
libavahi-common-data libavahi-common-dev libavahi-common3 libavahi-core7 libavahi-glib-dev libavahi-glib1 libavahi-gobject0
libavahi-ui-gtk3-0 libavcodec56 libavdevice55 libavfilter5 libavformat56 libavresample2 libavutil54 libbind9-90 libblkid1
libbrlapi0.6 libbz2-1.0 libbz2-dev libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libc6-i686 libcamel-1.2-49 libcap2-bin libcilkrts5
libcomerr2 libcups2 libcupscgi1 libcupsfilters1 libcupsimage2 libcupsmime1 libcupsppdc1 libcurl3 libcurl3-gnutls libcurl4-openssl-dev
libdb5.3 libdb5.3-dev libdb5.3-java libdb5.3-java-jni libdbus-1-3 libdbus-1-dev libdevmapper-event1.02.1 libdevmapper1.02.1
libdns-export100 libdns100 libdpkg-perl libebackend-1.2-7 libebook-1.2-14 libebook-contacts-1.2-0 libecal-1.2-16 libedata-book-1.2-20
libedata-cal-1.2-23 libedataserver-1.2-18 libelf1 libevdocument3-4 libevview3-3 libfontembed1 libfreerdp-cache1.1
libfreerdp-client1.1 libfreerdp-codec1.1 libfreerdp-common1.1.0 libfreerdp-core1.1 libfreerdp-crypto1.1 libfreerdp-gdi1.1
libfreerdp-locale1.1 libfreerdp-plugins-standard libfreerdp-primitives1.1 libfreerdp-rail1.1 libfreerdp-utils1.1 libfreetype6
libfreetype6-dev libgail-common libgail-dev libgail18 libgcc-4.8-dev libgcc-4.9-dev libgcc1 libgcrypt20 libgdm1 libgfortran3
libgit2-21 libglib2.0-cil libgnome-menu-3-0 libgnutls-deb0-28 libgnutls-openssl27 libgnutls28-dev libgnutlsxx28 libgomp1
libgssapi-krb5-2 libgssrpc4 libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 libgtk2-perl libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-bin libgtk2.0-cil libgtk2.0-common
libgtk2.0-dev libgudev-1.0-0 libicu-dev libicu52 libirs-export91 libisc-export95 libisc95 libisccc90 libisccfg-export90 libisccfg90
libitm1 libjavascriptcoregtk-1.0-0 libjavascriptcoregtk-3.0-0 libjpeg62-turbo libk5crypto3 libkadm5clnt-mit9 libkadm5srv-mit9
libkdb5-7 libkrb5-3 libkrb5-dev libkrb5support0 libldap-2.4-2 libldap2-dev libldb1 libllvm3.5 liblvm2app2.2 liblwres90 libmagic-dev
libmagic1 libmono-cairo4.0-cil libmono-corlib4.0-cil libmono-corlib4.5-cil libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil libmono-i18n4.0-cil
libmono-posix4.0-cil libmono-security4.0-cil libmono-sharpzip4.84-cil libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil libmono-system-core4.0-cil
libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil libmono-system-security4.0-cil libmono-system-xml4.0-cil libmono-system4.0-cil libmount1 libmp3lame0
libmpeg2-4 libmysqlclient-dev libmysqlclient18 libmysqld-dev libnm-glib-vpn1 libnm-glib4 libnm-util2 libobjc4 libpam-cap
libpam-systemd libparted2 libperl5.20 libpotrace0 libprocps3 libpython-dev libpython-stdlib libpython2.7 libpython2.7-dev
libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib libqt4-core libqt4-dbus libqt4-declarative libqt4-designer libqt4-dev libqt4-dev-bin
libqt4-help libqt4-network libqt4-opengl libqt4-opengl-dev libqt4-qt3support libqt4-script libqt4-scripttools libqt4-sql
libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-svg libqt4-test libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqt5webkit5 libqtcore4 libqtdbus4 libqtgui4 libquadmath0
librest-0.7-0 librtmp1 libruby2.1 librygel-core-2.4-2 librygel-renderer-2.4-2 librygel-renderer-gst-2.4-2 librygel-server-2.4-2
libsasl2-2 libsasl2-dev libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-db libsmartcols1 libsmbclient libsnmp-base libsnmp-dev libsnmp30 libss2
libssh2-1 libssl-dev libssl-doc libssl1.0.0 libstdc++-4.8-dev libstdc++-4.9-dev libstdc++6 libsvn-perl libsvn1 libswscale3
libsystemd-daemon-dev libsystemd-dev libsystemd0 libtasn1-6 libtasn1-6-dev libtasn1-doc libtbb2 libtcl8.6 libteamdctl0 libtiff5
libubsan0 libudev1 libupower-glib3 libuuid1 libv8-3.14-dev libv8-3.14.5 libwbclient0 libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 libwebkitgtk-1.0-common
libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-common libwinpr-crt0.1 libwinpr-crypto0.1 libwinpr-dsparse0.1 libwinpr-environment0.1
libwinpr-file0.1 libwinpr-handle0.1 libwinpr-heap0.1 libwinpr-input0.1 libwinpr-interlocked0.1 libwinpr-library0.1 libwinpr-path0.1
libwinpr-pool0.1 libwinpr-registry0.1 libwinpr-rpc0.1 libwinpr-sspi0.1 libwinpr-synch0.1 libwinpr-sysinfo0.1 libwinpr-thread0.1
libwinpr-utils0.1 libxfont1 libxfreerdp-client1.1 libxml2 libxml2-dev libxml2-utils lintian linux-compiler-gcc-4.8-x86
linux-headers-3.16.0-4-686-pae linux-headers-3.16.0-4-common linux-image-3.16.0-4-686-pae locales locales-all mongodb mongodb-clients
mongodb-dev mongodb-server mono-4.0-gac mono-gac mono-runtime mono-runtime-common mono-runtime-sgen mount multiarch-support
mysql-client mysql-client-5.5 mysql-common mysql-server mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server-core-5.5 network-manager nodejs nodejs-dev
openjdk-7-jdk openjdk-7-jre openjdk-7-jre-headless openprinting-ppds openssh-client openssl parted patch perl perl-base perl-modules
php-pear php5 php5-cli php5-common php5-dev php5-intl php5-mcrypt php5-mysql php5-readline postgresql-9.4 ppp procmail procps python
python-brlapi python-debian python-dev python-imaging python-ldb python-libxml2 python-minimal python-pil python-pygments
python-samba python-xapian python2.7 python2.7-dev python2.7-minimal python3-brlapi python3-debian qdbus qt4-linguist-tools qt4-qmake
qtcore4-l10n rsync rtmpdump ruby ruby-dev ruby2.1 ruby2.1-dev rygel rygel-playbin rygel-preferences rygel-tracker samba-common
samba-common-bin samba-libs smbclient sudo systemd systemd-sysv sysv-rc sysvinit sysvinit-utils t1utils task-catalan
task-catalan-desktop task-desktop task-gnome-desktop task-print-server tasksel tasksel-data tcl8.6 tzdata tzdata-java udev upower
usb-modeswitch-data util-linux util-linux-locales uuid-dev virtualbox virtualbox-dkms virtualbox-guest-additions-iso
virtualbox-guest-dkms virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11 virtualbox-qt whois xbrlapi xdg-utils xserver-common xserver-xephyr
xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-video-geode xserver-xorg-video-vmware xterm xwayland youtube-dl
The following partially installed packages will be configured:
gnome-menus
The following packages are RECOMMENDED but will NOT be installed:
gnupg-curl uuid-runtime
514 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/705 MB of archives. After unpacking 19.9 MB will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?]
Reading changelogs... Done
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 291930 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../debconf_1.5.56_all.deb ...
File "/usr/bin/py3clean", line 4
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xc2' in file /usr/bin/py3clean on line 4, but no encoding declared; see http://python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/ for details
dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: trying script from the new package instead ...
File "/usr/bin/py3clean", line 4
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xc2' in file /usr/bin/py3clean on line 4, but no encoding declared; see http://python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/ for details
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/debconf_1.5.56_all.deb (--unpack):
subprocess new pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
File "/usr/bin/py3compile", line 4
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xc2' in file /usr/bin/py3compile on line 4, but no encoding declared; see http://python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/ for details
dpkg: error while cleaning up:
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/debconf_1.5.56_all.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
Failed to perform requested operation on package. Trying to recover:
dpkg: error processing package debconf (--configure):
package is in a very bad inconsistent state; you should
reinstall it before attempting configuration
Setting up gnome-menus (3.13.3-6) ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/sbin/gnome-menus-blacklist", line 12, in <module>
with open(blacklist_file, 'r', encoding='utf_8') as fp:
TypeError: 'encoding' is an invalid keyword argument for this function
dpkg: error processing package gnome-menus (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of locales:
locales depends on debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0; however:
Package debconf is not configured yet.
Package debconf-2.0 is not installed.
Package debconf which provides debconf-2.0 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package locales (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: error processing package gnome-orca (--configure):
package is in a very bad inconsistent state; you should
reinstall it before attempting configuration
Errors were encountered while processing:
debconf
gnome-menus
locales
gnome-orca
答案1
在 U&L 聊天室与发帖者交谈了一段时间后，很明显这是一个 Python 问题，特别是编码问题。问题在于发帖者的 Python 3 拒绝正确处理脚本中的 utf8 字符。上面问题中的具体错误是针对 utf8 字符的，我认为是版权符号。
然后我发现https://stackoverflow.com/q/25814675/350713
并使用那里提到的测试脚本，即
filename = 'utf-8·filename.txt'
print(filename)
在我的机器上，使用 Python 2 会出错，但使用 Python 3 会出错，如下所示。
python test.py
File "test.py", line 1
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xc2' in file test.py on line 1, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details
python3 test.py
utf-8·filename.txt
然而，发帖者对两者都犯了同样的错误。
此外，海报ascii在运行时同时支持 Python 2 和 3
/usr/bin/python -c 'import sys; print(sys.getdefaultencoding())'
我得到了asciiPython 2和utf8Python 3。
不知道这是怎么回事，我随后询问了 Stack Overflow 上 Python 室的专家。 Antti Haapala 随后提出了一些问题，最后发生了以下交流（http://chat.stackoverflow.com/transcript/message/22902726#22902726）
Antti Haapala : @WaitingforDev... what is your python3 version?
WaitingforDev...: ooooops
I run python3 --version
and I get
Python 2.7.8
所以发帖者的 Python 3 实际上是 Python 2，这解释了这种行为。我然后问
FaheemMitha: what does `ls -la /usr/bin/python3` show?
Waiting for Dev...: @FaheemMitha it pointed to /usr/bin/python