设备（SATA 驱动器）上的缓冲区 I/O 错误

Question 1

您可以使用智能值：例如：

 smartctl -a -d 3ware,2 /dev/twe0

引用 smartctl 的手册页：

Under Linux and FreeBSD, to look at ATA disks behind 3ware SCSI RAID controllers, use syntax such as:
          smartctl -a -d 3ware,2 /dev/sda
          smartctl -a -d 3ware,0 /dev/twe0
          smartctl -a -d 3ware,1 /dev/twa0
          where in the argument 3ware,N, the integer N is the disk number (3ware ´port´) within the 3ware ATA RAID controller.  The allowed values of N are from 0  to  31  inclusive.   The  first  two
          forms,  which  refer to devices /dev/sda-z and /dev/twe0-15, may be used with 3ware series 6000, 7000, and 8000 series controllers that use the 3x-xxxx driver.  Note that the /dev/sda-z form
          is deprecated starting with the Linux 2.6 kernel series and may not be supported by the Linux kernel in the near future. The final form, which refers to devices /dev/twa0-15,  must  be  used
          with 3ware 9000 series controllers, which use the 3w-9xxx driver.

          Note  that  if the special character device nodes /dev/twa? and /dev/twe? do not exist, or exist with the incorrect major or minor numbers, smartctl will recreate them on the fly.  Typically
          /dev/twa0 refers to the first 9000-series controller, /dev/twa1 refers to the second 9000 series controller, and so on. Likewise /dev/twe0 refers to  the  first  6/7/8000-series  controller,
          /dev/twa1 refers to the second 6/7/8000 series controller, and so on.

关于你的问题的一些想法：

这可能还不是 HDD/SSD 的全面问题，但我建议尽快更换它。

如果还没有备份，请立即备份！

您可以使用以下方法检查问题：

e2fsck -fv /dev/sdX

如果您看到智能内重新分配的扇区，我认为您应该更换驱动器。

Answer

您可以使用智能值：例如：

 smartctl -a -d 3ware,2 /dev/twe0

引用 smartctl 的手册页：

Under Linux and FreeBSD, to look at ATA disks behind 3ware SCSI RAID controllers, use syntax such as:
          smartctl -a -d 3ware,2 /dev/sda
          smartctl -a -d 3ware,0 /dev/twe0
          smartctl -a -d 3ware,1 /dev/twa0
          where in the argument 3ware,N, the integer N is the disk number (3ware ´port´) within the 3ware ATA RAID controller.  The allowed values of N are from 0  to  31  inclusive.   The  first  two
          forms,  which  refer to devices /dev/sda-z and /dev/twe0-15, may be used with 3ware series 6000, 7000, and 8000 series controllers that use the 3x-xxxx driver.  Note that the /dev/sda-z form
          is deprecated starting with the Linux 2.6 kernel series and may not be supported by the Linux kernel in the near future. The final form, which refers to devices /dev/twa0-15,  must  be  used
          with 3ware 9000 series controllers, which use the 3w-9xxx driver.

          Note  that  if the special character device nodes /dev/twa? and /dev/twe? do not exist, or exist with the incorrect major or minor numbers, smartctl will recreate them on the fly.  Typically
          /dev/twa0 refers to the first 9000-series controller, /dev/twa1 refers to the second 9000 series controller, and so on. Likewise /dev/twe0 refers to  the  first  6/7/8000-series  controller,
          /dev/twa1 refers to the second 6/7/8000 series controller, and so on.

关于你的问题的一些想法：

这可能还不是 HDD/SSD 的全面问题，但我建议尽快更换它。

如果还没有备份，请立即备份！

您可以使用以下方法检查问题：

e2fsck -fv /dev/sdX

如果您看到智能内重新分配的扇区，我认为您应该更换驱动器。

Question 2

您可以使用以下方式访问智能信息（例如）：

smartctl -a -d 3ware,N /dev/twa0

N 是端口号，twa0 是控制器。

通过下面的方法你可以得到一些接口错误统计数据：

smartctl -l sataphy -d 3ware,N /dev/twa0

使用该命令，我能够确定日志中不断出现的“ata 异常”是接口/电缆错误的结果，因为 CRC 计数增加了（最终需要用不同类型的磁盘替换磁盘。用相同类型的主板替换主板没有帮助）。从中可以看出，普通的 SATA 控制器比 3Ware 端口提供更多信息。

至于“缓冲区错误”，我从未遇到过，所以我无法推测。我过去曾遇到过多次“ata 异常”（在软件 RAID 上），这几乎总是故障的前兆。因此，我现在扫描我的日志以查找该错误。

Answer